甜蛋白Monellin在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

在西非热带植物Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii中存在着一种由两条多肽构成的甜度极高的蛋白Monellin。本研究根据已知的Monellin晶体衍射分析结果和毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)基因偏爱密码子设计并合成了连接两条多肽的重组基因，插入到毕赤酵母分泌表达质粒pGAPZαA中。扩增后，电击穿孔转化毕赤酵母GS115，筛选高产菌株放大培养。以5升罐发酵培养，表达量为150mg／L。经纯化，可以获得大于130mg／L的具有高甜度的活性蛋白。     

海洋哈维氏弧菌溶血素蛋白在酵母菌细胞表面上的展示及其活性的测定

为制备以酒精酵母为载体的基因工程疫苗,参照其Genbank中基因序列设计一对引物,PCR扩增得到预期长度的产物,双酶切插入用于酒精酵母表面展示的穿梭质粒载体pYD1,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,提取阳性质粒转化酒精酵母菌株EBY100,诱导表达后,用免疫荧光和流式细胞仪检测外源蛋白的表达,结果测得最佳诱导时间为36～48h,诱导培养后约30.0%左右的酵母细胞表达外源蛋白;同时以EBY100和转空质粒的酵母菌株为对照,测得诱导培养后的阳性酵母转化株的细胞对牙鲆鱼血细胞具有溶血活性,以此酵母活细胞分设高中低三个浓度组,腹腔注射养殖牙鲆幼鱼,检测其毒性,结果表明此重组酵母对牙鲆是安全的.该研究为下一步鱼用活载体疫苗免疫效果的研究奠定了基础.     

N-氨甲酰基-D-氨基酸酰胺水解酶基因的克隆与表达

按本室纯化的N 氨甲酰基 D 氨基酸酰胺水解酶 (DCase)的N 末端氨基酸序列设计了正向引物 ,并在已报道的不同来源菌株DCase的氨基酸序列同源性分析的基础上 ,设计了反向引物。用菌株No . 2 2 62总DNA为模板 ,经PCR扩增获得长度为约0 9kpb的片段 ,DNA序列分析表明基因全长为 912bp。将该片段插入 pET 3a ,构建成重组子 pET DCase ,并在E coliDH5α中获得表达 ,经SDS PAGE检测 ,表达产物分子量与天然纯DCase相同 ,约为 35kD。     

吸血蝙蝠纤溶酶原激活剂α2的原核表达及抗体制备

利用人工合成的吸血蝙蝠唾液纤溶酶原激活剂α2(DSPAα2)基因,研究了其在细菌中的表达及表达产物的纯化和抗体制备.首先人工合成DSPAα2基因,并构建原核表达载体转化大肠杆菌.经IPTG诱导后,DSPAα2在细菌中得到了高效表达.SDS-PAGE结果显示,以包涵体的形式存在的DSPAα2重组蛋白占到细菌总蛋白的32%.包涵体裂解后经亲合层析柱纯化,100mL菌液中能得到2.2mg纯的重组蛋白.用纯化的DSPAα2分别免疫大鼠和小鼠,经ELISA检测,获得了效价达到1∶12800以上的高质量的抗血清.Western blot结果显示抗体能与DSPAα2特异性地结合.     

脆壁克鲁维酵母KfPDI基因高表达菌株的构建

通过构建脆壁克鲁维酵母（Kluyveromyces fragilis）蛋白二硫化物异构酶基因KfPDI强表达单元并克隆到不同类型的酵母载体上转化酵母菌株,经筛选得到了带有不同拷贝数KfPDI基因的酵母转化子。酶活性测定结果表明这些转化子中的蛋白二硫化物异构酶表达水平不仅与其KfPDI基因拷贝数有关,而且与该基因是否整合入宿主染色体也密切相关。本文所得到的KfPDI基因高表达菌株有望作为增强外源蛋白正确折叠和分泌效率的基因工程宿主菌。     

真鲷肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)基因的体外重组与纯化研究

将真鲷肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)基因的成熟肽区域克隆到表达载体pQE30中,并转化到大肠杆菌XL-blue中进行表达。转化子经载体和基因特异性引物进行PCR双向筛选,并将筛选到的阳性克隆经质粒纯化后,进行序列测定。序列测定结果显示,该基因结构正确,且准确插入到表达载体启动子的下游,获得了结构和组成正确的重组子。重、组子经IPTG诱导后,以SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定,电泳结果表明,该基因在大肠杆菌XL-blue中实现了表达。通过对诱导条件的调整,在体外获得了高效表达的重组蛋白,高效表达的重组蛋白约占菌体蛋白的25％-30％。不同诱导时间对重组蛋白影响实验显示,随诱导时间的增加,重组蛋白产量逐渐增高,经4h诱导,其表达量可以达到平台期,过长时间的诱导,对表达产量没有影响。重组蛋白经镍金属亲和层析纯化,获得了纯度较高的重组蛋白。采用交换缓冲液的方法,用Sephadex G150,对重组蛋白进行脱盐复性,使重组蛋白得到了进一步纯化。     

来源于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus circulans)的乳糖酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

根据毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)密码子选择偏好对来源于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus circulans)的乳糖酶基因lacO进行了分子改造.改造后的基因lacM按正确的阅读框架插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9上,构建得到重组毕赤酵母表达质粒.PCR检测、SDS-PAGE电泳分析和酶活力测定的结果表明,lacM基因已重组到酵母染色体上,并能正常分泌表达.与未改造的基因lacO的毕赤酵母重组子相比,酶蛋白表达量明显增加,约为改造前的3倍以上.     

N—氨甲酰基—D—氨基酸酸胺水解酶基因的克隆与表达

按本室纯化的N-氨甲酰基-D-氨基酸酰胺水解酶（DCase)的N-末端氨基酸序列设计了正向引物，并在巳报道的不同来源菌株DCase的氨基酸序列同源性分析的基础上，设计了反向引物。用菌株No.2262总DNA为模板，经PCR扩增获得长度为约0.9kpb的片段，DNA序列分析表明基因全长为912bp。将该片插入PET-3a，构建成重组子pET-DCase，并在E.coliDH5a中获得表达，经SDS-PAGE检测，表达产物分子量与天然纯DCase相同，约为35kd.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.