多间隙弯扭耦合齿轮非线性振动的分岔特性研究

采用集中质量法,建立了齿轮-转子-轴承系统的四自由度的弯扭耦合的非线性振动模型,模型考虑了齿轮副间的时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、支承间隙以及综合传递误差等非线性因素;推导出系统的量纲一振动微分方程,采用数值积分方法研究多间隙弯扭耦合齿轮传动的运动随转速、齿侧间隙、支承间隙以及阻尼等参数的分岔特性,同时结合Poincaré截面图,全面系统的分析了转速、啮合阻尼、齿侧间隙以及支承间隙等参数对系统分岔特性的影响。结果发现,在一定的齿侧间隙和啮合阻尼下,随着转速的逐渐增加,系统进入混沌的途径包括激变和拟周期分岔,且随着阻尼系数的增加,系统的分岔和混沌运动被抑制,表现为其混沌区域宽度逐渐降低;在一定的转速和啮合阻尼下,而随着齿侧间隙的逐渐增加,系统会从通过激变进入混沌的途径转变成由倍周期分岔途径进入到混沌,且系统在不同的啮合阻尼下最终锁相为混沌、周期四、周期二和周期一运动;在满足一定的转速和啮合阻尼条件下,随着齿侧间隙的增加,系统可通过倍周期分岔进入并锁定为Naimark-sacker分岔。在满足一定的转速、啮合阻尼和齿侧间隙的条件下,随着支承间隙的增加,系统运动进入狭窄的周期五窗口后锁相为周期一运动,且从系统的控制方程和数值解可以发现支承间隙对系统的运动的影响较弱。     

支承刚度变化下风电齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性

风电齿轮传动系统的动力学研究对降低其振动和噪声、提高系统稳定性和进一步探究其故障机理具有重要意义。为进一步研究其非线性动力学特性,采用集中参数模型建立风电齿轮传动系统平移-扭转动力学模型,该模型考虑了非线性因素如各齿轮副的时变啮合刚度、综合啮合误差和齿侧间隙,结合时间历程图、FFT频谱图、相图、Poincaré截面图、分岔图及最大Lyapunov指数图分析了系统在随激励频率变化和随支承刚度变化下的动力学特性。结果发现,系统随着激励频率的不断增大会表现出单周期运动、拟周期运动和混沌等多种非线性动力学行为。随着支承刚度的增加,系统由2周期运动经激变进入混沌运动,最终又回归至周期运动,且通过改变支承刚度观察激励频率变化下系统的影响,发现支承刚度的增加能够弱化混沌,增加周期窗口,并出现混沌运动延后的现象。     

螺旋锥齿轮间隙非线性系统的分岔与混沌

建立了含间隙的7自由度螺旋锥齿轮动力学方程,结合分岔图和最大Lyapunov指数曲线研究了分岔的演化过程及系统参数对系统分岔和混沌行为的影响.结果表明,分岔图与最大Lyapunov指数曲线从不同层面反映了系统随参数变化的全局特性,揭示出系统随参数变化在周期n、拟周期和混沌运动间反复演化复杂过程的全景;随参数变化系统经三种途径嵌入混沌:经倍周期分岔,由长周期运动嵌入混沌;经Hopf分岔产生拟周期运动,由"磕碰"运动嵌入混沌;拟周期运动经锁相嵌入混沌;负载的加重、阻尼系数的增大和刚度系数的减小有利于扩大系统的稳定区域,减缓、抑制分岔和混沌.     

一般支承条件下输流管道的非线性动力学特性研究

摘要: 研究两端一般支承垂直放置的输流管道系统,采用非线性动力学分析方法,研究其在自激、参数激励和外激励联合作用下的非线性动力学特性,分析系统出现混沌运动的参数条件和进入混沌运动的途径。数值仿真结果表明,随着平均流速和质量比的增大,系统响应交替出现周期和混沌运动两种形态。系统进入混沌运动的途径为倍周期分岔,由混沌转化为周期运动的途径为倍周期倒分岔。混沌运动和周期运动出现的参数与流体的平均流速和管道端部的支承/约束刚度有很大关联,随着管道端部约束刚度的增大,系统出现混沌运动的区域减小,说明管道端部的约束刚度有益于抑制混沌运动的发生。     

风电齿轮箱两级行星齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性

考虑风电齿轮箱两级行星轮系传动系统各齿轮副的时变啮合刚度、综合啮合误差和齿侧间隙等非线性因素的基础上,建立了广义坐标下增速齿轮箱两级行星齿轮传动系统的动力学模型,采用变步长Gill积分法对该模型进行求解;采用分岔图、相图、FFT频谱图、poincaré截面图及最大Lyapunov指数图分析了激励频率和啮合阻尼比对系统振动响应及分岔特性的影响。结果表明:系统在多种非线性因素的耦合作用下会表现出丰富的非线性动力学行为,随着激励频率的增大,系统在混沌运动、拟周期运动和倍周期运动之间切换和变化,且退出混沌的方式多为倒分岔;在保证系统传动效率的前提下适当提高系统的啮合阻尼比,能够明显弱化和抑制系统的混沌运动,减小其振动幅度,对提高系统的稳定性具有一定的作用。     

内外激励下风电齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性

风电齿轮传动系统的动力学研究,对降低齿轮传动系统故障有重要意义。为进一步研究风电齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性,采用集中参数模型建立了该系统纯扭转非线性动力学模型。该模型考虑了各齿轮副间时变啮合刚度、综合啮合误差和齿侧间隙非线性因素,以1.5 MW风机额定功率作为传递功率,结合时间历程图、FFT频谱图、相图、Poincaré截面图、分岔图及最大Lyapunov指数图,研究了在激励频率变化下和综合啮合误差变化下系统的动力学特性。结果发现,随着激励频率的不断增大,系统会出现单周期运动、拟周期运动和混沌等动力学行为,且混沌区域会发生改变;随着综合啮合误差的增加,系统由拟周期运动演化为混沌,最终又突变为拟单周期运动,且通过改变综合啮合误差,观察激励频率变化下系统的影响,发现综合啮合误差的减小能够明显的弱化混沌运动。     

汇流传动齿轮系统分岔与混沌研究

为研究齿轮系统中侧隙等非线性因素对汇流传动齿轮系统的影响,考虑齿侧间隙、传动误差、时变啮合刚度和布局参数的影响,建立了含有两个齿轮副的三齿轮系统动力学模型。分别从啮合刚度的相位差、激励频率和载荷比三个方面出发,研究了各个参数的变化对齿轮系统动态特性的影响。为了判别周期运动和混沌行为,采用了庞加莱映射、频谱分析和基于混沌时间序列的lyapunov指数分析手段。结果表明,在改变诸如频率比、载荷比等一系列系统参数的情况下,左右齿轮副表现出同周期运动并存、不同周期运动并存、倍周期分岔、混沌等丰富的非线性动力学行为。     

含磨损故障的齿轮传动系统非线性动力学特性

为揭示磨损故障对于齿轮传动系统非线性动态特性的影响,利用Archard和Weber-Banaschek公式分别计算了齿面动态累积磨损量和磨损齿轮对的时变啮合刚度。建立含有非线性齿侧间隙、内部误差激励和含磨损故障的时变啮合刚度的三自由度齿轮传动系统平移-扭转耦合动力学方程。采用变步长Gill积分方法对动力学模型进行了数值仿真分析,以系统的激励频率为分岔参数,计算系统的对应的分岔图;引入GRAM-SCHMIDT方法对系统的Jacobi矩阵进行正交化处理,计算系统的李雅普诺夫指数谱,同时结合Poincaré映射图和功率谱验证了李雅普诺夫指数谱和分岔图计算结果的正确性。通过研究发现了系统内部存在的丰富非线性现象,包括倍周期分岔途径、阵发性途径和多种拟周期通过锁相进入混沌的现象;在系统经由拟周期进入混沌的过程中发现了交替出现的拟周期与锁相现象以及拟周期运动时功率谱分量存在的Farey序列现象。研究结果表明含有磨损故障的齿轮传动系统具有非常复杂的动力学特性,而系统由周期运动进入混沌运动的途径也是丰富多样的。     

多级齿轮传动系统耦合非线性振动特性分析

以锥-平行轴-行星多级齿轮传动系统为研究对象,建立了包含时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、传递误差、齿侧间隙等因素的18自由度弯-扭-轴耦合非线性动力学模型,采用4-5阶变步长Runge-Kutta法对系统的无量纲动力学微分方程进行求解,研究其耦合非线性振动特性。计算结果表明：随着齿侧间隙的增大,系统响应经倍周期分岔进入混沌运动,且侧隙对系统动态特性的影响随着负载的增大逐渐减小;随着负载的增大,系统响应由混沌经逆倍周期分岔进入单周期响应,齿轮副啮合状态由双边冲击、单边冲击过渡到无冲击状态;当输入转速减小时,混沌区域覆盖的负载范围也随之减小。     

汇流传动齿轮-转子-轴承系统非线性动力学分析

考虑齿侧间隙、传动误差和时变啮合刚度等非线性因素,并同时考虑滑动轴承非线性油膜力和齿轮啮合力的耦合影响,建立了汇流传动齿轮-转子-轴承系统的动力学模型。从转速方面出发,研究了齿轮系统的非线性动态响应,分析了齿轮啮合力和非线性油膜力之间的耦合作用,判断了转速变化下的油膜稳定性。结果表明：随着转速变化,系统表现出周期一运动、周期二运动、拟周期运动,混沌等丰富的动力学特性,并发现了拟周期分岔通向混沌的道路;随着转速升高,非线性啮合力和非线性油膜力先后对系统振动起到主要作用;油膜振动通过半频涡动失去了稳定性。     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

Measurement and analysis of elastic and anelastic properties of alumina and silicon carbide

Measurements of dynamic Young's modulus, E, and damping as a function of temperature, T, were made for alumina and silicon carbide. The Young's modulus data were compared with some from the literature, and analysed in terms of a theoretical framework relating the Debye temperature, θD, with the elastic constants. For both materials this analysis yielded a ratio T₀/θ_D which was near 0.4, where T₀ is an empirical fitting constant for the plot of (E(0)−E)/T versus 1/T (E(0) is the value of E at 0 K). The analysis of the damping data in terms of an Arrhenius type dependence led to effective activation energies near kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究现状及其展望

碳化硼陶瓷具有极高的硬度,然而其低韧性、低抗弯强度、难以致密化限制了它的广泛应用.已有一些研究集中于碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化,对这一方面国内外研究进展进行了归纳与评述,阐明各种增韧补强和致密化方法的优缺点,提出碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究值得发展的一些方向.     

Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

Thermodynamic similarity and prediction of the properties and characteristics of substances and processes

Principles of the theory of thermodynamic similarity are considered in application to all aggregate states of a substance, including phase transitions, and to the change in dissipative structures in open systems.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 709–716, November, 1987.     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。     

Synthesis of polymeric titanium and zirconium precursors and preparation of carbide fibres and films

Polymeric precursors for carbothermal reactions were prepared from the chelate derivatives of titanium and zirconium alkoxides L2M(OR)2 (L is an acetylacetonato or ethyl acetoacetato group) in alcohols by reaction with organic compounds having two or more reactive OH groups, such as ethylene glycol, saccharose, tartaric acid or dihydroxybenzenes. These organic groups act as bridging ligands in transesterification and condensation polymerization yielding either spinnable viscous solutions or elastic gels. The rheological properties of the concentrated solutions allowed for the preparation of polymer fibres and films. At temperatures up to 1600 °C, bulk precursors as well as fibres and films were thermally converted into carbide powders, films or coatings. The structural transformations of the polymeric materials into the carbides were investigated using thermogravimetric–differential thermal analyses (TGA–DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis and Raman spectroscopy.     

Surface-charge density and potential of coal-liquid mixtures and control of their stability and fluidity

The preparation conditions of concentrated (>70%) aqueous suspensions of coal were optimized, as were the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal-water suspensions. The theoretical study showed that (1–3) or (2–3) electrolytes such as Na₂SO₄ or Na₅P₃O₁₀, greatly increase the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal particles in water. This study has led to the interesting result that thinners and stabilizing agents of concentrated clay suspensions, such as lignosulphonates, tripolyphosphates, polynaphtalene sulphonates, etc., must also be good thinners and stabilizing agents for ground coal-water suspensions. Two parameters were controlled: the stability and the fluidity of the suspensions. A penetrometry technique revealed the importance of the resistance coefficient,C _r that can be used as a criterion for the evaluation of coal-water mixture stability and fluidity. Concentrated coal suspensions (about 75% of solid by weight) were prepared in water by using different additives, for instance sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) and surfactants like lignosulphonates (by coupling of the dispersion and stabilizing effects) with the optimum concentration ratio of these two products equal to 1.9. The stability of the suspensions was then greater than 2 months and the viscosity was 1900 cP.