Nb-V-Ti和V-Ti微合金钢中碳氮化物的回溶行为

采用TEM和EDX技术,研究了低碳微合金钢中Nb,V,Ti的碳氮化物在不同温度保温后的回溶行为.结果表明,Nb-V-Ti微合金钢中存在尺寸明显不同的两类析出,较大的析出颗粒平均尺寸在80 nm以上,其心部为(Nb,V,Ti)(C,N),而边部为(Nb,Ti)(C,N),较小的析出颗粒平均尺寸在20 nm以下,其类型为(Nb,Ti)(C,N).两类析出物中Nb/Ti原子比均随回溶温度的升高而减小.V-Ti微合金钢中,Ti的存在对V的回溶具有拖曳作用,提高了V的碳氮化物的热稳定性.Nb-V-Ti微合金钢中,由于Nb,V,Ti之间综合作用,使得析出相中V具有更高的热稳定性.     

低碳微合金钢中Nb、V、Ti碳氮化物的回溶研究

采用透射电镜和X射线光谱技术,研究了低碳微合金钢中Nb、V、Ti的碳氮化物在不同温度保温1 h后的回溶行为.结果表明,低碳微合金钢中存在尺寸明显不同的两类析出,其中颗粒尺寸较大的在80 nm以上;这种颗粒的心部是(Nb,V,Ti)(C,N)相,而颗粒边缘为(Nb,Ti)(C,N)相;颗粒尺寸较小的在20 nm以下,其类型为(Nb,Ti)(C,N).两类析出物中Nb与Ti的原子比均随回溶温度的升高而减小.     

00Cr12NiNbTi不锈钢热轧中析出行为

对00Cr12N iNbTi铁素体不锈钢进行加热、粗轧、精轧及卷取过程的模拟实验,应用扫描电镜、透射电镜、化学相分析及热模拟等方法对试样中析出物进行了定性定量分析。结果表明:加热到1140℃,保温0、45和90 m in后,粒子主要为TiN,Ti的固溶率为66.3%,N的固溶率为1.3%;从粗轧到精轧,微米级的小颗粒减少,大颗粒增多,颗粒平均尺寸由1.8μm增大到3.2μm,有聚集长大现象;在热轧过程中微米级粒子形貌为方形或球形,基本保持稳定;纳米级的(Nb,Ti)C颗粒在精轧阶段开始析出,卷取保温及缓冷至室温过程中大量析出,多分布于晶界及晶内处,在较高温度下卷取会析出较多的纳米级(Nb,Ti)C颗粒。     

微合金化S355钢的第二相析出行为

采用Thermo-Calc软件,分析了S355钢连铸坯在200~1600℃温度范围内第二相粒子的析出行为,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)与透射电镜(TEM)观察确认了S355钢铸坯中析出物的形貌、类型与析出位置。结果表明:S355钢中含Ti、含Nb以及含V的第二相析出温度依次降低,且氮化物析出温度普遍高于碳化物;S355钢在高温阶段易形成典型的Nb Ti复合析出相,在低温阶段易在晶界与位错附近形成纳米级Nb C;S355钢析出相的开始析出温度分别为:1388℃(Ti N)、1100℃(Nb N/Nb C)、1080℃(Ti C)、936℃(Al N)和900℃(VNC).     

直轧条件下含Nb钢筋中Nb(C,N)的析出强化机理及控冷工艺优化

为了解决方坯直轧工艺生产含Nb钢筋出现的强化效果不显著问题,通过经典形核理论计算了Nb(C, N)在奥氏体中沉淀析出动力学行为特点,并通过现场控冷工艺试验验证了理论计算的结果。结果表明,加热炉轧制生产含Nb钢筋过程中Nb(C, N)的沉淀析出以晶界形核为主,方坯直轧工艺生产含Nb钢筋过程中Nb(C, N)的沉淀析出以位错形核为主;在含Nb钢筋的成分体系下,Nb(C, N)在奥氏体中沉淀析出过程中的晶界形核和位错形核C曲线鼻尖点温度分别约为1000 ℃和900 ℃;方坯直轧工艺生产含Nb钢筋可以在精轧机架间设置多段预穿水,以保证足够低的终轧温度,来获得Nb(C, N)沉淀析出的最佳强化效果。     

热轧工艺对700MPa级带钢组织性能的影响

采用低C添加Si Mn Nb Ti成分,通过两阶段控制轧制开发出了屈服强度为700MPa级热轧带钢。研究了不同轧制温度对钢板力学性能及析出粒子的影响规律,并采用TEM、SEM等实验技术对钢板经不同时间时效处理后的组织及析出强化规律进行了研究。结果表明,高温轧制更有利于析出粒子在后续卷取保温过程中的析出,从而提高强度;降低终轧温度能获得良好的韧性。     

加热温度对高Nb-Ti新能源汽车用无取向硅钢第二相固溶行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、等离子体质谱仪、透射电镜对新能源汽车无取向硅钢不同加热温度下的第二相固溶情况进行了研究。结果表明,加热至1076.2 ℃时,试验钢发生明显相变。在保温40 min的条件下,随着加热温度的升高,Nb、Ti元素固溶量逐渐增加,析出量相应减少,并发现析出物多为(Nb,Ti)C复合型析出。不同加热温度下,析出物平均尺寸有所不同,且随试验温度升高呈上升趋势。     

Ti对700 MPa级汽车大梁钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等研究了Ti含量对700 MPa级汽车大梁钢奥氏体晶粒长大和析出相的影响。结果表明,添加Ti后的实验钢中主要析出相由单一Nb C转变为(Nb,Ti)C和Ti(C,N),随着Ti含量的增加,奥氏体晶粒得到有效细化。Thermo-calc热力学计算表明,钢中的(Nb,Ti)(C,N)和Ti(C,N)析出相析出温度比Nb C明显提高,因而能够在更高温度下稳定存在并对晶界迁移起到抑制作用。用Beck方程对奥氏体晶粒的长大行为进行了描述,并给出了晶粒长大的数学模型。随着Ti含量的增加,Beck方程的时间指数n呈现降低趋势,但晶界生长的扩散激活能反而升高。Ti的碳氮化物对晶界的钉扎和拖曳效应是晶界迁移扩散激活能升高的主要原因。     

Nb-Ti处理超低碳烘烤硬化钢的析出行为

通过物理化学相分析试验和热力学平衡计算,分析了Ti、N原子比大于1、等于1、小于1的3种Nb-Ti处理ULC-BH钢板的第二相析出规律.相分析和热力学计算结果表明,3种成分钢板析出相主要为(Ti,Nb)(C,N)、MnS,试验钢中未发现Ti4C2S2和TiS相;Ti、Nb元素的氮化物主要在A,温度以上析出,而碳化物主要在铁素体相区析出.在热轧板经卷取保温后,Nb、Ti元素接近完全析出形成M(C,N);短时退火后,M(C,N)相有少量回溶.当Ti、N原子比接近1时,N主要与Ti结合,C单独由Nb固定,有利于预估钢中固溶c含量.钢中增加酸溶铝含量有利于避免形成A120,夹杂.     

变形条件和冷却速率对低碳含Nb钢的相变及纳米析出的影响

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机,研究了奥氏体再结晶和未再结晶组织对低碳含Nb钢连续冷却转变行为的影响,并对不同变形温度及冷却速率下Nb(C, N)的纳米析出行为进行了研究。结果表明,未再结晶区奥氏体的变形能够为多边形铁素体提供更多的相变形核点,扩大铁素体相变区,并且能够细化铁素体晶粒;相比于再结晶区1050℃单道次变形,未再结晶区的第二道次变形能够促进Nb(C, N)的析出,其中910℃变形时Nb(C, N)的析出量最多,850℃次之;冷却速率的增大能够抑制Nb(C, N)在奥氏体中的析出,但能够促进其在铁素体中析出;对于本试验钢,10℃/s的冷却速率即可抑制Nb(C, N)的析出;Nb(C, N)的析出粒子平均粒径随着冷却速率的增加而减小。     

Influence of Ti addition on the hydrogen induced cracking of API 5L X70 hot-rolled pipeline steel in acid sour media

In this study, Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) testing of high strength API 5L grade X70 linepipe hot rolled steel containing Ti was performed to investigate the effects of (Nb, Ti, V)(C, N) particles on HIC susceptibility. By controlling chemical composition and hot rolling parameters, experimental steel with Bainitic ferrite and Bainite microstructures was fabricated. HIC testing was carried out within an acidic condition (pH=2.7±0.1) according to NACE standards with test results showing cracking propagated along coarse (Nb, Ti, V)(C, N) particles at mid-thickness. This is mainly due to centerline segregation and hydrogen blistering between matrix and coarse (Nb, Ti, V)(C, N) particles without external stress.     

高Ti,Nb析出强化高强钢接头强度及焊接热影响区软化行为分析

采用混合气体（80％Ar＋20％CO2）保护焊对高Ti,Nb析出强化高强钢进行了焊接强度试验研究．结果表明,随着焊接热输入增大,接头强度有降低趋势．焊接热影响区较母材硬度降低,存在软化行为．粗晶区晶粒长大及10nm以下（Ti,Nb,Mo）（C,N）第二相粒子的溶解造成强化效果降低．未溶的（Ti,Nb,Mo）（C,N）第二相粒子固定了C,Mo元素,降低过冷奥氏体的稳定性,不能得到硬度较高的板条状马氏体或贝氏体,而形成硬度较低的粒状贝氏体．第二相强化效果的降低不能通过组织强化有效弥补,从而造成粗晶区软化．在细晶区热循环作用下,10nm以下第二相粒子粗化,使得偏离其临界强化尺寸,析出强化效果降低,造成细晶区软化．     

Quantitative evaluation of dynamic precipitation kinetics in a complex Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel using electrical resistivity measurements

The kinetics of dynamic precipitation in austenite of a complex Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel during hot compression at 900 °C with a strain rate of 6.7 s^?1 was quantitatively investigated through electrical resistivity measurements. The dynamic precipitation in the Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel started at a strain of 0.15. The amount of tiny Nb-rich (Nb,Ti,V)C carbides, which were precipitated at crystal defects gradually increased up to 0.02 wt% at a maximum strain of 0.67. The electrical resistivity was successfully applied to the quantitative evaluation of dynamic precipitation kinetics in microalloyed steel by excluding the effects of crystal defects and interstitial atoms on the electrical resistivity.     

Precipitation of carbonitrides and high-temperature strength in heat-affected zone of high-Nb containing fire-resistant steel

The morphology and structure of precipitates in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of fire-resistant steel were studied by transmission electron microscopy, while the simulated elevated temperature strength studies were carried out to elucidate the effect of precipitation state on strength at high temperature. The precipitates were identified as (Nb,Ti)(C,N) with FCC structure. A high density of fine (Nb,Ti)(C,N) precipitated in subcritical HAZ. As the peak temperature of thermal cycle was increased, the density and size of particles were observed to decrease. During austenisation, precipitates were dissolved mostly in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone and dissolved totally in the fusion line. The higher strength at 600?°C was present in coarse-grained heat-affected zone and lower in intercritical heat-affected zone. The different precipitate condition in sub-HAZs led to the different evolution behaviour of carbonitrides on heating and thus high-temperature strength.     

MODELLING OF MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION AND PROPERTIES OF LOW-CARBON STEELS

1.IntroductionMicrostructureprocessmodelsareincreasinglyonhotstriprollingofste.l[1--7].Thesemodelsfrequentlyincorporateagreatdealofempiricismwithcomparativelytightprocessrangesofapplicability.Morefundamentallybasedprocessmodelsarerequiredtodeveloppredictivetoolstooptimizetheproductionforawiderangeofmilldesignsandprocessingconditions.Theprocessofhotstriprollingoflow--carbonsteelscanbesubdividedintothreeprin-cipalstages:(i)reheating,(n)rollingand(iii)cooling(watercoolingontherun--outtableandsubs…     

V-Ti微合金钢热变形过程中复合微合金析出相的形成机制

通过对V-Ti微合金钢平衡析出相的微合金含量的热力学预测以及对热变形过程中析出相的电镜观察和能谱分析,研究了热变形过程中微合金析出相的组成及其形成机制.结果表明,奥氏体热变形过程中的微合金析出相自从基体中沉淀出来,就是复合析出相（Ti,V）（C,N）,并且随形变温度的降低,复合析出相（Ti,V）（C,N）中Ti含量减少而V含量增多,析出相的成分存在一定差异.     

高钛低碳钢中Nb、Ti的析出行为

通过热力学计算和实验观察,对一种高钛含铌钢中Nb、Ti的析出行为进行研究.结果表明:实验钢中的铌的氮化物和碳化物在液相和凝崮过程中不能生成;氮化钛在凝同过程中析出,碳化钛在凝固末期形成;在奥氏体相中,实验钢中的Nb、Ti碳氮化物析出的先后顺序为TiN>Nb(CN)>NbC>TiC;铸坯中的析出相主要为氮化钛,而成品板材的二相粒子均为Ti、Nb复合的C、N化物.     

Complex heterogeneous precipitation in titanium–niobium microalloyed Al-killed HSLA steels—I. (Ti,Nb)(C,N) particles

Precipitation in Ti–Nb Al-killed microalloyed HSLA steels (Ti/N weight ratio from 4.4 to 1) was investigated in both the as-rolled and the normalised conditions using analytical electron microscopy including parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS). An extensive formation of heterogeneously nucleated complex (Ti,Nb)(C,N) particles down to 10 nm in size was observed. The core of such a complex particle is based on TiN and has a spherical, cubic or cruciform shape. The N/(Ti+Nb) atomic ratio in the core is similar to the average value in the steel whereas the Nb/Ti ratio is much smaller than the average value and not proportional to it. Many of the cores have caps in the form of epitaxial overgrowths based on NbC. Their composition changes from Nb(C,N) to (Nb,Ti)C as the N/Ti ratio decreases. The formation of these complex particles and their detailed morphology are controlled by the processing conditions as well as the overall composition.