核桃油成分分析及不同微胶囊工艺的研究

测定了核桃油脂肪酸和维生素E成分,并将β-环糊精、黄原胶/麦芽糊精组合分别作为壁材,采用包埋络和工艺以及喷雾干燥工艺包埋核桃油,比较两种微胶囊工艺的包埋效果.结果表明,在核桃油中,单不饱和脂肪酸含量为20.74％,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为70.278％,不饱和脂肪酸高达90％以上,维生素E含量为3.11 mg/mL;包埋效果以黄原胶/麦芽糊精壁材进行喷雾干燥后得到微胶囊效果较好,包埋率（95.28％）高于以β-环糊精为壁材采用包埋络和工艺的包埋率（83.23％）.     

扁杏仁油微胶囊的制备及质量评价

以魔芋胶(KGM)和大豆分离蛋白(SPI)为壁材,分子蒸馏单甘酯(GMS)为乳化剂,应用响应面分析法进行配方优化,以喷雾干燥法制备了扁杏仁油微胶囊,并对扁杏仁油微胶囊的包埋率、抗氧化性、微观结构进行测试。结果表明:扁杏仁油微胶囊最佳配方是扁杏仁油质量分数27%,魔芋胶质量分数2.8%,分子蒸馏单甘酯质量分数1.8%,大豆分离蛋白质量分数68.4%,制得的扁杏仁油微胶囊包埋率达到93.9%。产品表面光滑,粒径均匀,具有抗氧化稳定性。     

复凝聚法制备山核桃油微胶囊的研究

以改性乳清分离蛋白聚阳离子及阿拉伯树胶聚阴离子为壁材,采用复凝聚法在山核桃油表面形成包覆结构,利用转谷氨酰胺酶进行固定化,冷冻干燥脱水获得微胶囊成品.根据微胶囊包油率,对制备条件和固化条件进行评价.结果表明,最佳制备条件为:山核桃油添加量为0.6mL,改性乳清分离蛋白添加量20mL,阿拉伯树胶添加量为6％,pH4.5,搅拌速度为300r/min.最佳固化条件为:固化pH6.0,固化时间为10h,固化温度为10℃,转谷氨酰胺酶添加量为25U/g阿拉伯树胶.最终包油率可达84.15％.在贮藏过程中,微胶囊化后的核桃油可有效的抑制山核桃油过氧化值升高.     

魔芋胶膨化食品制备工艺研究

以魔芋精粉为主要原料,以糯米粉、预糊化淀粉和超微粉碎玉米粉为辅料,对魔芋胶膨化脆片的制作工艺进行了研究。通过实验确定了产品的制作工艺、主要工艺条件及配方。结果表明：魔芋精粉和水的比例为1：15的魔芋胶,糯米粉添加量为魔芋胶量40％,超微玉米粉添加量2％,预糊化淀粉添加量20％,经蒸煮、定型、干燥后的坯料水分含量在20％,使用微波功率700W、时间15s加热处理下膨化,所得产品膨化效果好,感官质量佳,产品抗消化性淀粉含量为17．5g／100g。     

模糊综合评价法优化橄榄油微胶囊包埋工艺

利用魔芋胶和阿拉伯胶作复配壁材;用橄榄油作微胶囊芯材;应用乳液聚合-冷冻干燥技术制备橄榄油微胶囊。采用响应面实验设计,以微胶囊包埋率、产率和芯材载量为评价指标,通过模糊变换,建立模糊综合评价体系,优化橄榄油微胶囊包埋工艺。实验结果表明:橄榄油微胶囊最佳工艺参数为:壁材中魔芋胶含量74%、阿拉伯胶含量26%、乳化温度40℃、壁芯比5.7:1。在此条件下得到的橄榄油微胶囊包埋率为64.8%,载量为13.3%,产率为94.0%。橄榄油微胶囊在电镜下呈颗粒均匀、较为饱满的近似球形,粒径0.2~0.3 μm。橄榄油微胶囊化可提高其利用率和储存稳定性,同时可扩大橄榄油的应用范围。     

响应面法优化罗非鱼油微胶囊壁材的研究

鱼油微胶囊的壁材对鱼油的抗氧化性有重要的作用,为优化罗非鱼油微胶囊的壁材组成,对明胶、蔗糖、黄原胶等壁材配比进行了响应面设计,以罗非鱼油微胶囊产品的包埋率作为主要评价指标.研究发现,罗非鱼油微胶囊适宜壁材配方为:蔗糖13.50%,明胶5.10%,黄原胶0.31%,鱼油6.50%.由此壁材配方得到的微胶囊化罗非鱼油产品的包埋率达到89.16%,产品经加速氧化15d后POV值仅为对照的二分之一,抗氧化性明显.产品水分含量低.色泽洁白,溶解性好,溶解后呈牛奶状,有较好的鱼油味.     

壳聚糖在藕夹熟制肉馅中的应用

为了提高藕夹熟制肉馅的黏结性,利用质构仪和感官评定分析魔芋胶、壳聚糖对熟制肉馅黏结性的影响,通过正交试验优化添加复配魔芋胶-壳聚糖食品胶的熟制肉馅配方。魔芋胶对熟制肉馅的黏结力影响显著,而壳聚糖不但可以增加熟制肉馅的黏结性还可以起到抑菌的作用,优化后的最佳肉馅配方为：肥肉30％,魔芋胶1．0％,壳聚糖0．2％,肉馅加水量20％;复配胶可以显著提高藕夹的保藏性。     

喷雾干燥法制备芝麻油微胶囊的研究

以阿拉伯胶、大豆分离蛋白为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法对芝麻油进行包埋.以微胶囊包埋率为评价指标,通过正交试验优化影响包埋率的主要因素:阿拉伯胶与大豆分离蛋白的比例、芯材占固形物的含量和固形物质量分数.结果表明,最佳工艺参数为阿拉伯胶和大豆分离蛋白比例1∶1,芯材占固形物含量的25％,固形物质量分数23％.微胶囊产品外形成球状,体积平均粒径为41.19 μm,热重分析表明,微胶囊的形成提高了芝麻油的热稳定性.     

四维辅助三维响应面法优化菠萝蜜种泥果冻配方

采用四维辅助三维响应面法优化菠萝蜜种泥果冻配方.基于单因素试验(西瓜汁添加量、白砂糖添加量、柠檬酸添加量、卡拉胶与魔芋胶复配比、复合胶添加量),考察因素交互作用对产品感官评分(Y1)和弹性(Y2)的影响.结果 显示,经Matlab四维分析,Y1取得理论最大值(91.1061分)时,西瓜汁添加量为25.7143％,柠檬酸...     

魔芋胶在低脂肉制品中的应用研究现状

综述魔芋胶的结构和特性及其在低脂肉制品中的应用研究现状,重点介绍近几年魔芋精粉、魔芋复配胶、魔芋油脂复配物、脱乙酰改性魔芋胶、接枝共聚葡甘聚糖衍生物分别在发酵干香肠、西式灌肠、新鲜羊肉香肠、肉丸、禽肉重组火腿中的配方、产品特性等研究概况。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.