大豆蛋白薄膜制备及性能的研究

以大豆分离蛋白为主要原料,在一定条件下与增塑剂、还原剂等发生共价交联反应,通过单因素实验和正交实验对成膜配方、成膜条件的研究及微观结构分析,制备出可以降解,并具有一定机械强度的复合蛋白薄膜,可部分替代塑料用于食品包装领域,减少环境污染。研究结果表明,采用亚克力材质板槽制膜,60℃干燥时间2h;成膜配方是大豆分离蛋白浓度4.0%,增塑剂2.0%,还原剂0.1%;抗拉强度可达61.892N,透H2O性16.204mg/(cm2.d),透O2性0.313mg/(cm2.d),透CO2性2.899mg/(cm2.d)。     

可降解大豆分离蛋白复合薄膜制备技术的研究

研究并确定了大豆分离蛋白成膜的关键技术,包括复合膜配方、成膜温度和时间、干燥条件、涂膜和揭膜方式等.制备出可以降解,并具有一定机械强度、弹性、阻气性、阻水性的复合蛋白包装薄膜,部分替代塑料用于食品包装领域(方便面或茶叶料包;果腊、糖衣、糯米纸;禽蛋、水果、蔬菜的涂膜保鲜包装等),以减少环境污染,具有十分广阔的市场应用前景.研究结果表明:大豆分离蛋白浓度4.0%,增塑剂2.0%,还原剂1.0%,成膜性能较好,抗拉强度可达6 315.551 g,厚度为0.11 mm,透H2O性16.204 me/(cm2·d),透O2性0.313 mg,/(cm2·d),透CO2性3.016 mg/(cm2·d).     

乳清分离蛋白成膜工艺的研究

以乳清分离蛋白(WPI)为主料,通过添加甘油(增塑剂)和半胱氨酸(还原剂),制备乳清分离蛋白膜.同时,对其制备工艺与性能进行了详细分析与测定,从而确定了成膜最佳工艺为:乳清分离蛋白含量为8%,增塑剂添加量为4%.还原剂的添加量为0.6mmol/L.在此工艺条件下测定乳清分离蛋白膜性能:厚度0.101±0.013mm,透明度0.055±0.005.抗拉强度1165.2±20.8g.断裂伸长率70.06%±1.62%,透H2O性17.13±0.63g/m2·h,透O2性3.60±0.08g/m2·d,透CO2性445.56±5.26g/m2·d.     

大豆分离蛋白可食膜的生产工艺及性能表征

选用大豆分离蛋白为原料,以卡拉胶添加量、甘油添加量、pH值和料液比为影响因素做正交试验,得到大豆分离蛋白膜的最佳配方。结果表明：以大豆分离蛋白为基数,卡拉胶添加量8%,甘油0.4mL/g,料液比1:15(g/mL),调节pH值到7.0时大豆分离蛋白膜的性能最佳。最佳工艺条件下测得大豆分离蛋白膜的水溶性为32.7%,水蒸气透过系数为2.348g ·mm/(m2 ·h ·kPa),抗拉强度为7.192MPa,断裂伸长率为128.1%。最佳膜的电镜分析结果：大豆分离蛋白分子在膜上的分布较均匀,一定程度上影响了膜的阻水性能,可以采用均质等方法加以改进,使大豆分离蛋白分子更好的分散在膜的表面,从而使膜具有更强的阻水性。     

可食性大豆分离蛋白膜的制膜工艺研究

以大豆分离蛋白为成膜主料,添加增塑剂甘油、还原剂Na 2SO3制备大豆分离蛋白膜,研究了其实验室和工业化制膜工艺及其参数.结果表明,大豆分离蛋白膜的实验室制膜工艺参数为:大豆分离蛋白加水溶解,加热,同时采取桨式搅拌,搅拌速度为180r/min,加0.06%食用消泡剂对膜液进行消泡,在涂有0.05ml/100cm 2吐温80的不锈钢板上刮板成膜,在60℃下热风干燥2.0h,均湿,揭膜,贮存.工业化制膜工艺参数为:大豆分离蛋白在夹层锅中加水溶解,加热,同时搅拌,搅拌速度为30r/min,在紫铜带上成膜,紫铜带转速为1.5r/min,烘缸中通入蒸汽加热,蒸汽压力为0.25MPa(表压),卷膜,包装,贮存.该工艺已中试成功,可扩大生产.     

大豆分离蛋白起泡性和乳化性影响因素的研究

大豆分离蛋白的乳化性和起泡性与蛋白质、NaCl、卡拉胶、蔗糖和山梨酸钾含量、pH值、加热温度等密切相关。蛋白质质量浓度分别为2.0g/100mL和2.5g/100mL时,大豆分离蛋白乳化性和起泡性分别达到最大值;远离pH4.5,大豆分离蛋白起泡性和乳化性增加;加热温度45℃时起泡性最好,而乳化性最差;氯化钠、卡拉胶、山梨酸钾添加量分别为1.00g/100mL、0.20g/100mL、0.08g/100mL时,起泡性和乳化性好;添加蔗糖会使蛋白质的起泡性下降,而蔗糖添加量6.0g/100mL时乳化性好。     

增塑剂对玉米醇溶蛋白膜阻隔性能影响北大核心

玉米醇溶蛋白具有较好成膜性,但其形成膜较脆,需通过添加不同增塑剂加以改善;但添加增塑剂会使膜阻隔性能受到影响。该实验以甘油、聚乙二醇(PEG)400、单甘油酯为增塑剂,研究在不同乙醇浓度时制备玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)膜阻湿性及阻油性;结果表明,当乙醇浓度为80%、甘油添加量为0.3 g/g zein,PEG–400添加量为0.2 g/g zein,单甘油酯添加量为0.3 g/g zein时,膜的水蒸汽透过率最小,透油率最大。     

聚乙烯醇基涂膜保鲜包装材料制备及对成膜效能特性的影响

为研究开发传统蛋制品新型保鲜包装材料,用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、硬脂酸等通过化学交联制备复合涂膜保鲜包装材料,研究其制备工艺条件对成膜效能特性的影响。结果表明：以体积分数为0.4%(相对于溶解PVA 的100mL 水为基质来计算)的戊二醛作交联剂制成的PVA- 硬脂酸复合涂膜保鲜材料成膜后的透水率(WVTR)为22.3g/(m2·24h),比PVA- 硬脂酸二元共混膜阻水性提高2.5 倍左右;交联时间越长、成膜干燥温度越低,其阻水性和耐水性提高越明显(P ＜ 0.05),成膜的抗菌性随戊二醛体积分数的增加而显著增强(P ＜ 0.05)。聚乙烯醇基涂膜保鲜材料制备及成膜优化工艺条件为：聚乙烯醇质量浓度5g/100mL,硬脂酸质量浓度5g/100mL(95%乙醇)(以上两种溶液体积比为10:4),戊二醛体积分数0.4%,交联反应时间45min,pH6.2,成膜干燥温度55℃,成膜干燥时间6h。     

聚乙烯醇基涂膜材料纳米SiO2改性对其成膜包装效能特性的影响

采用纳米SiO2对聚乙烯醇(PVA)基复合涂膜包装材料进行改性,通过测定PVA基纳米复合涂膜材料的成膜透湿率、吸水率、透光率、透气性以及抑菌效果,研究纳米SiO2对其成膜包装效能特性的影响。结果表明:纳米SiO2改性PVA基复合膜的透湿率(18.78g/(m2.d))比未改性PVA基复合膜(27.39g/(m2.d))降低31.43%,吸水率(1.40%)降低了35.34%,透O2率(0.055g/(m2.d)和透CO2率(0.174g/(m2.d))分别降低了17.91%和18.31%,且复合膜的抑菌性能也得到提高。纳米SiO2改性可显著提高PVA基纳复合涂膜材料的阻隔性,尤其是阻湿阻水性等成膜包装效能特性,改善其食品保鲜包装的应用效果。     

乳清浓缩蛋白可食用膜成膜工艺的研究

研究了乳清浓缩蛋白可食用膜的成膜工艺,分析了蛋白质浓度、甘油浓度和加热温度对可食用膜透水性和透氧性的影响,并确定了可食用膜阻隔性能的优化工艺参数。研究结果表明,可食用膜的阻水性随蛋白质浓度和甘油浓度的增大而下降,阻氧性随甘油浓度增大而下降。加热温度为70℃时,膜的阻水性和阻氧性达到最佳。响应面分析表明,当蛋白质浓度为100 g/L,甘油浓度为27 g/L,加热温度为69℃时,乳清浓缩蛋白可食用膜的综合通透性能为最佳,其透湿系数为0.004 35 g·mm/(m~2·h·kPa),透氧系数为0.134 cm~3·mm/(m~2·min·kPa)。     

淀粉醛强化大豆分离蛋白/槲皮素复合膜制备及性能研究

目的 探究淀粉醛(dialdehyde starch, DAS)对大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate, SPI)/槲皮素(quercetin, QR)复合膜特性的影响。方法 以青稞淀粉为原料,通过高碘酸钠氧化制备了DAS,以SPI为基质,以DAS和QR为添加物,通过单因素及响应面优化,筛选出淀粉醛强化的大豆分离蛋白/槲皮素复合膜最佳配比,对其微观结构进行了表征,并对其物理学性能和抗氧化活性进行了测试。结果 淀粉醛强化的大豆分离蛋白/槲皮素复合膜最佳配比为每100 mL 蒸馏水中添加SPI 6.00 g、pH值为8、DAS 5%、QR 4%、DES 25%(DAS、QR、DES以SPI质量计)。在此条件下,薄膜的物理机械、水分阻隔,抗氧化性能均显著增强。薄膜的拉伸强度为7.37±0.39 MPa、水蒸气透过系数为3.54±0.29_-11^gm_-1^s_-1^Pa_-1^、抗氧化活性为70.88±0.40 %。结构表征结果表明,DAS的添加使得该复合膜分子间形成了共价亚胺键,表面结构及横断面结构更加致密。此外,该复合膜具有较好的热稳定性、紫外阻隔性、疏水性。结论DAS处理改善了SPI/DAS/QR复合膜的内部结构, 提高了复合膜的拉伸、耐水、抗氧化、热稳定、紫外阻隔、疏水性能。本研究为基于SPI可生物降解薄膜的开发及应用提供了参考。     

Antimicrobial soy protein isolate‐based films: physical characterisation,active agent retention and antifungal properties against Penicillium italicum

Soy protein isolates (SPI) films were evaluated as carriers of citral and limonene, and their physical and antifungal properties were evaluated. The presence of antimicrobials in SPI films resulted in changes on colour without affecting the transparency. Films with citral added were more extensible; however, a reduction in tensile strength and elastic modulus was observed in films with limonene added. Aroma compounds addition in films induced a slight increase in water vapour properties in relation to discontinuity of network proteins evidenced by SEM. Besides, FTIR spectra evidenced a partial alteration of SPI secondary structure. Citral was less retained than limonene. The increase in limonene release with high relative humidity was explained by increase in protein chain mobility. SPI films enriched with limonene exhibited strong antifungal activity against the postharvest decay pathogen Penicillium italicum under storage conditions.     

超声波-酶法联合改性提高酸性条件下大豆分离蛋白的乳化性能

为了研究超声波联合酶技术提高大豆分离蛋白(Soybean Protein Isolated,SPI)在酸性条件下(pH 4)乳化性能的效果,本文以大豆分离蛋白为原料,以乳化性能和乳状液粒径为衡量指标,确定超声波联合植酸酶-酸性蛋白酶(Ultrasound combined with phytase-acidic protease,Uphy-aci)改性方法的最适宜条件。研究发现,当SPI浓度6%,植酸酶添加量4 U/g,酸性蛋白酶添加量1500U/g,植酸酶与酸性蛋白酶的酶解时间分别为50 min和30 min时,改性后的SPI(pH 4)乳化性能明显增加,乳状液粒度减小;通过表面疏水性(H0)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了超声波-酶复合改性处理的SPI,发现在酸性条件下,SPI表面疏水性含量为487.78,比未改性提高了71.2%,并呈现破碎均一、多孔的微观结构。因此,超声波与植酸酶-酸性蛋白酶联合改性提高酸性条件下SPI的乳化特性等功能性质,并且拓宽了大豆分离蛋白的应用领域。     

响应面优化转谷氨酰胺酶改性大豆分离蛋白工艺

为获得适于添加到冷饮食品中的大豆分离蛋白,利用转谷氨酰胺酶(TG)对其进行改性,提高其乳化性。采用响应面试验设计,以酶添加量、酶解时间、酶解温度为试验因素,以乳化活力指数为响应值,建立数学模型,对酶解条件进行优化。结果表明,最佳酶解条件为TG酶的添加量0.93×10-4g、温度46℃、时间1.2h。在此条件下,乳化活力指数的预测值为1.9623m2/g,验证实验所得乳化活力指数为1.9658m2/g。所得回归模型拟合情况良好,达到设计要求,本实验得到的改性大豆分离蛋白的乳化性显著高于未改性的大豆分离蛋白。     

Soy protein – Poly (lactic acid) bilayer films as biodegradable material for active food packaging

The preparation and characterization of biodegradable bilayer films from isolated soy protein (SPI) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were carried out in this work. The films showed high transparency and strong adhesion between layers without adding an extra component, or without chemically modifying the film surfaces. The application of the PLA layer largely increased the mechanical properties of the films with respect to those of pure SPI films. Furthermore, the hydrophobic characteristics of the PLA layer improved film performance under conditions in which water was involved, markedly decreasing the amount of total soluble matter, the swelling index and the water vapor permeability. The biodegradation under soil burial conditions was evaluated measuring weight loss as a function of time, showing a two-step degradation and a faster degradation rate for the protein component compared to those of PLA layer. The films prepared were evaluated as active packaging by incorporation of an antifungal and an antibacterial agent (natamycin and thymol, respectively) to the SPI layer, showing a marked growth inhibition of mold, yeast and two strains of bacteria by in-vitro microbiological assays.     

改性纳米TiO2-大豆分离蛋白抑菌保鲜膜的制备及其性能

选取表面改性的纳米TiO2制备大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate,SPI）膜,以复合膜的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、透光性、透氧性、透二氧化碳性为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化制膜最佳工艺。结果表明,复合膜的最佳成膜工艺条件为SPI添加量4.5?g/100?mL、改性TiO2添加量2.0?g/100?mL、甘油添加量1.5?g/100?mL,其接触角为115.3°。傅里叶变换红外光谱仪实验结果表明,改性纳米TiO2-SPI复合膜与纳米TiO2-SPI复合膜、普通SPI膜在4 000～600 cm－1波数范围内呈现出相似的红外光谱,且由扫描电子显微镜以及原子力显微镜扫描结果可以看出,与纳米TiO2-SPI复合膜及普通SPI膜相比,改性纳米TiO2-SPI复合膜表面更为致密平整,表面性能表现更佳,改性纳米TiO2-SPI复合膜的结构性质要优于纳米TiO2-SPI复合膜及普通SPI膜。当改性TiO2添加量为2?g/100?mL、365?nm波长紫外灯照射6?h时,复合膜对大肠杆菌和李斯特菌的抑菌性能最强,抑菌率达到91.14%和92.81%。改性纳米TiO2-SPI复合膜具有一定的机械性能和良好的抑菌性能,在食品包装应用方面具有巨大潜力。     

大豆分离蛋白膜的DSC分析

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC),研究不同相对湿度(RH)条件下,大豆分离蛋白(SPI)膜的热特性以及谷氨酰胺转移酶(TGase)改性对热特性的影响。对于SPI膜,无论是对照膜还是TGase改性膜,蛋白膜的热稳定性随着RH的增高而下降。TGase改性改变了SPI膜吸热峰出现的位置与数量。在同一RH条件下,TGase改性膜更易失去水分。TGase改性使SPI膜的耐热特性基本未变。     

Cross-linked soy protein as material for biodegradable films: Synthesis, characterization and biodegradation

The modification of soy protein isolate (SPI) with different amounts of a naturally occurring cross-linking agent (genipin, Gen) and glycerol used as plasticizer was carried out in this work. The films yielded were cast from heated and alkaline aqueous solution of SPI, glycerol and Gen and then dried in an oven. Total soluble matter, water vapor permeability and mechanical properties were improved by adding small amounts of Gen. These properties were not significantly affected (P ? 0.05) by additions exceeding 2.5% (w/w of SPI). The opacity and cross-linking degree were linearly increased with the addition of Gen, whereas the swelling ratios in water were decreased. All the films were submitted to degradation under indoor soil burial conditions and the weight loss of the films was measured at different times. This study revealed that the film biodegradation time can be controlled or modified from at least 14 to 33 days. The tests performed showed the potential of Gen to improve the SPI film properties, in which the possibility of employing such new films as biodegradable food packaging was raised.     

Sorption Characteristics of Soy Protein Films and their Relation to Mechanical Properties

Effects of plasticizers (glycerol, sorbitol, and 1:1 mixture of glycerol and sorbitol) on moisture sorption characteristics of hydrophilic soy protein isolate (SPI) films were investigated at three levels of plasticizer concentration (0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 g plasticizer/g SPI). The combined effects of relative humidity and plasticizer on mechanical properties of soy protein films were also examined. Moisture affinities of soy protein films were affected by hydrophilicity of plasticizer and its concentration. Under given RH conditions, films with higher glycerol ratio absorbed more moisture with higher initial adsorption rate, and films with higher plasticizer contents exhibited higher equilibrium moisture contents. Monolayer moisture contents of SPI films increased as glycerol ratio in a plasticizer mixture and plasticizer concentration increased. Plasticizer and absorbed water loosened the film synergistically, resulting in higher elongation but lower tensile strength. RH effects on mechanical properties of SPI films were varied with plasticizers and their concentration. Films of lower glycerol contents were more sensitive to RH variation as compared to the higher glycerol samples, whereas sorbitol concentration affected the RH region where a sharp decrease in TS value occurred.     

Development and Characterization of Soy Protein Isolate Emulsion-Based Edible Films with Added Coconut Oil for Olive Oil Packaging: Barrier,Mechanical, and Thermal Properties

Emulsion-based edible films made of soy protein isolate (SPI), virgin coconut oil (VCO), and soy lecithin (SL) and plasticized with glycerol were prepared using the casting method. The effect of VCO and SL concentrations in SPI films and their in-between interaction were studied through the evaluation of physical (moisture and opacity), mechanical (elongation and tensile strength), water vapor permeability, and thermal properties. The response surface methodology was used to identify the most significant factors in the properties studied. The applicability of SPI emulsion-based films was evaluated as a package for olive oil to be used in small portions. The oxidative stability of the packaged olive oil was monitored by peroxide analyses during 28 days. The incorporation of VCO and SL decreased the moisture content and increased the elongation of the SPI emulsion-based films when compared to the SPI film without these components (control). The opacity of the films increased with the addition of VCO into the protein-based films, but not with the addition of SL or a combination of both constituents. By the other hand, the water vapor permeability was not improved by the incorporation of VCO, SL, or a combination of both. The peroxide value of the olive oil stored in SPI emulsion-based film sachets increased rapidly during the seven first days of storage. After this period, the peroxides increased relatively slow up to 28 days of storage. The peroxide values of the packaged olive oil did not reach the maximum limit recommended by the Codex Alimentarius. Based on these results, this work may be useful for the technological enhancement of emulsion-based films or for food packaging applications.