GC-FPD法检测甘蓝蔬菜中的马拉硫磷、氧乐果和治螟磷残留

目的:建立一种固相萃取-气相色谱法检测甘蓝蔬菜中的马拉硫磷、氧乐果和治螟磷残留的分析方法。方法:用乙腈进行提取甘蓝样品,固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱火焰光度检测器(FPD)进行定性定量分析。结果:马拉硫磷、氧乐果和治螟磷在0.02～2.0μg/mL浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995。3种有机磷农药在低、中、高不同浓度的加标回收率均在81.2～100.6%。检出限如下:马拉硫磷:0.013mg/kg,氧乐果:0.010mg/kg,治螟磷:0.005mg/kg。精密度测试结果的相对标准偏差均在1.96～4.21%之间。结论:该方法操作简单,精密度高、准确度好,适用于甘蓝中多种有机磷农药残留的分析测定。     

SPE-GC/MS法同时检测地表水中6种常见农药残留物

建立了全自动固相萃取-气质联用法检测地表水中的百菌清、马拉硫磷、联苯菊酯、甲基内吸磷、莠去津、对硫磷6种常见农药残留物的方法。采用HLB固相萃取柱用于水样的富集和净化;地表水样品以6 mL/min的流速上样,然后用5 mL乙腈和10 mL二氯甲烷依次洗脱;洗脱液氮气吹至近干,用1 mL丙酮溶解残渣,过滤;采用气质联用仪对样品进行定性定量检测。6种农药残留物质量浓度在0.03～3.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数≥0.995;加标回收率均在81.2%～108.3%之间;检出限如下:百菌清0.008μg/mL,马拉硫磷0.008μg/mL,联苯菊酯0.005μg/mL,甲基内吸磷0.010μg/mL,莠去津0.010μg/mL,对硫磷0.008μg/mL。检测精密度(n=6)的RSD范围为1.47%～4.87%,方法重复性(n=6)相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.10%～4.97%之间。试验表明,该方法自动化程度较高,灵敏度好,准确度高,适用于地表水中多种农药残留物的同时检测。     

高压电场低温等离子体对马拉硫磷的降解效能及降解途径

为探索高压电场低温等离子体对水中马拉硫磷的降解效能特性,以电压、作用时间及农药初始浓度为试验因素,采用气相色谱测定马拉硫磷的残留并建立降解动力学模型,利用气相串联质谱分析鉴定马拉硫磷降解产物,并结合傅里叶红外光谱研究低温等离子体对马拉硫磷的降解效能,解析其降解途径。结果表明:马拉硫磷在水中的降解效率随着低温等离子体电压强度及作用时间的延长显著增加(P<0.05);在初始浓度为0.1 μg/mL,50 Hz、80 kV处理180 s后,马拉硫磷降解效率达到79.62%±2.97%。马拉硫磷降解趋势符合一级动力学模型,产生的主要中间降解产物为马拉氧磷、磷酸三乙酯、顺-丁烯二酸二乙酯、反-丁烯二酸二乙酯、O,O,S-三甲基二硫代磷酸酯及2-二甲氧基膦硫酰磺基-4-乙氧基-4-氧丁酸。其中毒性较高的马拉氧磷可进一步降解为毒性较低的磷酸三乙酯。马拉硫磷降解过程中中间产物的形成主要经历了P=S键的氧化及C-S键的断裂两种途径。研究为降解水中农药残留研究提供了新的方法参考。     

分散固相萃取—气相色谱法测定稻谷中5种有机磷农药残留

建立中性氧化铝分散固相萃取—火焰光度气相色谱法测定稻谷中乐果、毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、水胺硫磷、三唑磷5种有机磷农药残留量的分析方法。样品粉碎后经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝分散萃取,萃取液于70℃水浴中氮吹干,丙酮定容后用带火焰光度检测器的毛细管气相色谱仪(GCFPD)测定。结果表明,5种有机磷在0.05~5.00μg/mL范围具有良好的线性关系,乐果、毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、水胺硫磷、三唑磷的线性相关系数均为0.999 9,检出限(LOD)为0.002 mg/kg,最低定量限(LOQ)为0.007 mg/kg。稻谷样品中低、中、高3个质量浓度的添加回收率在97.7%~108.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在0.8%~5.7%之间。方法可以满足稻谷中5种有机磷农药残留一次处理同时分析检测的要求。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定酱腌菜中对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂含量

应用毛细管气相色谱法在FID检测器上同时测定酱腌菜中2种对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂.方法的线性范围10～200μg/mL,方法的检出限小于2μg/mL,测定的回收率大于90%,相对标准偏差小于3%.该方法可为酱腌菜制品中对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯毛细管气相色谱标准方法的建立提供参考.     

早籼米及其自然发酵液挥发性成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取对存放了30个月的早籼稻米及其72 h自然发酵液的挥发性成分进行提取,利用气相色谱-质谱对挥发性化合物进行分析,结合谱库检索技术、标准物色谱和参考文献对化合物进行鉴定,应用内标法定量,发现两者的主要挥发性成分均有乙醛(各为95.05,46.84 μg/mL)、2-羟基丙腈(43.59,30.79 μg/mL)、乙酸(17.77,59.36 μg/mL)和2-壬酮(78.27,92.38 μg/mL)等,自然发酵增加了二氧化碳(36.83 μg/mL)和4-甲氧基-1,3-苯二胺(0.67 μg/mL)等成分.     

气质法测定大棚土壤中的9种有机磷农药

建立气相色谱质谱法检测大棚蔬菜种植土壤中的9种有机磷类(毒死蜱、氧乐果、乙酰甲胺磷、马拉硫磷、乐果、甲基对硫磷、二嗪磷、三唑磷、治螟磷)农药的检测方法。样品经冰乙酸-乙腈溶液匀浆提取后,提取液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、无水硫酸镁和C_(18)进行分散萃取净化,浓缩后用丙酮定容至1 mL。经气相色谱-质谱仪定性定量检测,基质标准定量。结果表明, 9种有机磷类农药在0.05～5μg/m L范围内线性关系良好, R~2均小于0.995;当加标浓度为0.5, 1.0和3.0 mg/kg时,得到的回收率范围为83.2%～98.2%;检出限为0.006～0.020 mg/kg;精密度RSD(n=6)为1.54%～4.23%。     

气相色谱质谱联用测定茶油中角鲨烯含量

建立茶油中角鲨烯气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)的测定方法。茶油通过正己烷直接稀释,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)选择离子监测(SIM)进行分析,以三十二烷为内标,用内标标准曲线法测定了茶油中角鲨烯的含量。该内标法标准曲线的相关系数为0.999,在0.01～3.00μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,角鲨烯最低检出限为0.03ng,方法的回收率为85.0%～115.0%,相对标准偏差小于5%(n=6)。利用此方法测定广东兴宁和江西赣州两地产茶油毛油中角鲨烯含量分别为120.43μg/mL和97.05μg/mL,该法操作简便、快速,测试结果准确、可靠。     

气相色谱法测定蜂蜜中马拉硫磷残留量的不确定度评定

评定气相色谱法测定蜂蜜中马拉硫磷残留量的不确定度。方法 参照JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和JJF1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》, 建立气相色谱法测定蜂蜜中马拉硫磷残留量的不确定度的数学模型, 对测量过程中各测量不确定度分量进行分析和计算。结果 通过对各测量不确定度分量的计算和合成,蜂蜜样品中马拉硫磷的残留量为0.021 mg/kg, 扩展不确定度为0.0037 mg/kg(k=2)。结论 气相色谱法测定蜂蜜中马拉硫磷残留量的不确定度主要来源为标准曲线的拟合, 其次是样品测量重复性和标准溶液, 而回收率与样品前处理影响较小。     

PSE-GC法同时测定饼干中两种抗氧化剂

建立测定饼干中的2种抗氧化剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)的加压溶剂萃取-气相色谱法(PSE-GC法).采用PSE法进行样品萃取,萃取液经中性氧化铝净化后,进行GC分析.PSE-GC法测定饼干中BHT和BHA的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5％～3.1％,并且在2.0 μg/mL～200.0 μg/mL范围内色谱峰面积与组分浓度均有很好的线性相关性(r≥0.9994),检出限为0.5 μg/mL,回收率为94.68％～96.80％.PSE-GC法简便、快速、效率高,方法的重现性、线性相关性以及检出限理想,适用于饼干中BHT和BHA含量的同时快速检测.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.