小米米糠蛋白水解物及其膜分离组分的降血压相关活性研究

植物源蛋白肽具有较好的抗氧化和降血压活性,研究采用蛋白酶Alcalase水解小米米糠分离蛋白(MBPI)获得小米米糠蛋白水解物(MBPH),经膜分离技术得到成4种不同分子质量大小的多肽组分。通过氧自由基吸附能力(ORAC)、血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性、肾素(renin)抑制活性和体内降血压活性,评价了小米米糠蛋白水解物及其不同分子质量组分抗氧化及降血压活性,鉴定了1 ku组分多肽的氨基酸序列。结果显示,低分子质量小米米糠蛋白水解物具有更好的氧自由基吸附能力和降血压活性,1 ku组分的ORAC值为1 455.41μmol TE/mg,ACE抑制率分为73.667%,肾素抑制率为74%,且在灌胃6 h后降低SHRs的收缩压约37.8 mm Hg;1 ku组分中鉴定出7个小肽序列VALVR、VLER、VVRP、WVGK、FGPK、VLLF和LFGK。研究认为小米米糠蛋白水解物,尤其是1 ku肽组分可能作为功能性成分用于降血压相关的功能食品和保健品的开发。     

菜籽蛋白水解物及其膜分离组分的降血压相关活性

应用商业化蛋白酶Alcalase水解菜籽分离蛋白(RPI),并通过膜分离技术将水解物分离成4种不同分子质量大小的多肽组分(<1kD、1～3kD、3～5kD和5～10kD);评价水解物(RPH)和多肽组分的血管紧张素转化酶-Ⅰ(ACE)、肾素抑制活性和氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)。结果表明:分子质量大小与菜籽肽的氧自由基吸附能力成负相关;<1kD的组分具有最大的ACE抑制活性(抑制率为(83.42±0.35)%)和氧自由基吸附能力;与膜分离组分相比,Alcalase水解物具有最高的肾素抑制活性。研究认为,菜籽蛋白Alcalase水解物及其<1kD的膜分离组分可能作为功能性成分用于降血压相关的功能食品和保健品的开发。     

草鱼肽的体外生理功能

以草鱼为原料制取生理活性肽,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制活性,采用DPPH自由基清除法、氧自由基清除能力(ORAC)法研究其抗氧化性。结果表明:草鱼肽抑制ACE活性IC5 0为0.229mg/mL,清除DPPH自由基的IC50为7.630mg/mL,ORAC值为1317.962μmol Trolox/g,采用草鱼制备有效的生理活性肽是可行的。     

反相高效液相色谱法分离菜籽蛋白水解物及其组分清除自由基能力的研究

采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)技术分离菜籽蛋白的蛋白酶k水解物(PKH),并通过分析其DPPH·、O-2·、·OH的清除能力和氧自由基吸附能力(ORAC),评价了PKH及其分离组分清除自由基的能力。结果表明:菜籽肽清除DPPH·的能力与其疏水性之间具有显著的正相关性,疏水性最高的组分清除DPPH·的能力与谷胱甘肽(GSH)相当,IC50值为(0.183 8±0.002 1)mg/m L;分离后菜籽肽的O-2·和·OH清除能力虽然有所提高,但是仍然弱于GSH;4个分离组分的ORAC值高于PKH,其中2个组分的ORAC值与GSH的相当,1个组分(F7)的ORAC值是GSH的1.5倍,其ORAC值(Trolox)高达(2 413.41±162.98)μmol/mg。研究认为,基于疏水性的RP-HPLC分离显著提高了菜籽肽清除自由基的能力,获得的分离组分(尤其是F7)可以作为抗氧剂开发相关功能性食品。     

棉籽蛋白ACE抑制肽的酶法制备及其体外稳定性研究

食源性血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-I-converting enzyme, ACE)抑制肽因安全、无副作用、易吸收等优点,对防治高血压、提高居民健康水平具有重要作用。利用碱性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶水解棉籽蛋白制备ACE抑制肽,通过单因素实验优化水解条件,分离纯化水解物并鉴定其活性肽段组成,评价水解物的体外消化吸收稳定性。结果表明,棉籽蛋白经复合蛋白酶(1500U/g)在pH值为8.0和55℃下水解5h,蛋白回收率为39.8%,ACE抑制率可达93.7%。棉籽蛋白复合蛋白酶水解物经分离得到5个组分,其中组分4(F4)的ACE抑制活性最高(IC₅₀=220.1μg/mL)。从该组分中发现3条新型ACE抑制肽:VFNNNPQE、LLSQTPRY和VFPGCPET,其中LLSQTPRY的活性最高(IC₅₀=105.2μmol/L)。经人工胃肠液消化和Caco-2细胞单层膜吸收后,棉籽蛋白复合蛋白酶水解物仍具有一定ACE抑制活性,分别为53.8%和20.5%。研究结果表明,棉籽蛋白的复合蛋白酶水解物有望作为一种功能性食品配料,用于开发降压食品。     

绿茶与红茶浸提液功能性成分含量和抗氧化能力的差异研究

作为全球公认的三大无酒精饮料之一,茶及其制品具有丰富的营养价值和独特的保健功效。本实验以自制的绿茶和红茶为原料,采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基法(DPPH)、氧自由基吸收能力法(ORAC)和细胞抗氧化法(CAA)对两种茶浸提液的抗氧化能力进行测定和比较,并研究了两种茶浸提液中各类功能性成分含量的差异。实验结果表明:两种自制茶浸提液均具有较高的抗氧化活性,但是其抗氧化能力随茶浸提液发酵程度的加深而降低(DPPH法IC50值:绿茶14.58μg DM/mL红茶24.14μg DM/mL;ORAC值:绿茶5313.92±318.75μmol TE/g DM红茶3684.14±233.59μmol TE/g DM;CAA值:绿茶26.23±0.43μmol QE/100 mg DM红茶16.41±0.17μmol QE/100 mg DM);随着发酵程度的加深,茶浸提液干物质总量降低,尤以茶多酚含量降低最为显著;茶多酚是影响茶浸提液抗氧化能力的主要功能性成分。     

基于HepG2细胞模型的褐赭色羊肚菌多酚抗氧化及抗增殖活性研究

本实验研究了褐赭色羊肚菌游离酚和结合酚体内抗氧化能力以及对HepG2细胞的毒性和抗增殖作用。采用HPLC对褐赭色羊肚菌多酚组分进行鉴定,测定多酚抗氧化能力指数(ORAC);以人肝癌细胞HepG2为模型,测定多酚细胞抗氧化活性(CAA值)及抗增殖活性(EC50值)。结果显示:褐赭色羊肚菌游离酚和结合酚含量分别为(4.27±0.07)、(0.14±0.01)mg GAE/g DW;其ORAC值分别为(4624.52±400)、(429.41±60)μmol TE/100 g DW;CAA值分别为(15.33±0.60)、(0.37±0.01)μmol QE/100 g DW(PBS清洗)和(51.84±0.83)、(1.27±0.04)μmol QE/100 g DW(不经PBS清洗)。游离酚和结合酚浓度为125μg/m L和70μg/m L时,对HepG2细胞增殖抑制率分别为77.28%、66.31%,且试验浓度范围内,羊肚菌多酚对HepG2基本无细胞毒性。褐赭色羊肚菌多酚具有一定的细胞抗氧化及抗增殖活性,可将褐赭色羊肚菌作为开发此类功能营养食品的原料,为羊肚菌的进一步综合利用提供理论依据。     

菜籽蛋白水解物及其分离组分抗氧化性研究

本文采用超滤和凝胶过滤色谱技术分离菜籽蛋白的胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶混合水解物(PPH),并通过分析其Fe~(2+)螯合能力、Fe~(3+)还原力、DPPH自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸附能力(ORAC),评价了PPH及其分离组分的抗氧化性。结果表明:菜籽蛋白酶水解物中F3组分的Fe~(2+)螯合能力、Fe~(3+)还原力以及DPPH清除能力和ORAC值都最高,F3组分的ORAC值为(2 118.891±77.782)μmol TE/g,是GSH的1.6倍左右,说明F3组分的抗氧化性最强,其余组分也都表现出一定的抗氧化性,其抗氧化性强弱为:F3F4F2F1F5。研究认为,胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶组合可有效水解菜籽蛋白获得抗氧化肽,获得的分离组分(尤其是F3)可以作为抗氧剂开发相关功能性食品。     

菜籽蛋白水解物体外和细胞内抗氧化性评价及氨基酸分析研究

以“双低”油菜籽秦优7号为原料,碱溶酸沉法获得菜籽分离蛋白后进一步用Alcalase2.4L酶解得到菜籽蛋白水解物（rapeseed protein hydrolysates,RPHs）;采用聚丙烯酰胺葡聚糖凝胶柱（Sephacryl S-100HR）对RPHs进行分离纯化,得到3 个组分;采用抗氧化能力指数（oxygen radical absortion capacity,ORAC）方法以及细胞抗氧化活性（cellular antioxidant capacity,CAA）的方法分析筛选得到抗氧化性最好的组分3。结果表明组分3的ORAC值为（1610.38±112.51）μmol TE/g;CAA值为（124.66±2.18）μmol QE/g,EC50值为（57.84±3.38）μg/mL;在此基础之上,对组分3进行氨基酸分析以及电泳分析,表明其抗氧化性与分子质量分布及氨基酸组成可能存在一定关系。     

黑加仑多酚降血压的效果研究

采用乙醇萃取黑加仑多酚,利用截留分子质量为1 kDa的超滤膜分离并鉴定了黑加仑多酚中花色苷的组成,通过对比2个组分的羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力、氧自由基吸附能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)、细胞抗氧化活性(cellular antioxidant activity,CAA)、血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制活性和体内降血压活性,评价黑加仑多酚的降血压相关活性。结果表明,小于1 kDa黑加仑多酚中主要含有飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷等6种花青素,与粗提物相比,小于1 kDa黑加仑多酚具有较好的生物活性,其·OH清除能力的IC 50值为(7.12±0.13)mg/mL,ORAC值为(492.74±1.55)μmol TE/mg DW,细胞内抗氧化活性的EC 50值为(5.14±0.08)mmol QE/100 g DW,ACE抑制活性的IC 50值为(225.66±1.82)μg/mL。此外,小于1 kDa的黑加仑多酚灌胃自发性高血压大鼠4~8 h内,表现出与降血压药卡托普利(剂量为10 mg/kg BW)相似的降血压效果。该研究认为黑加仑多酚可以作为良好的降血压食品添加剂用于功能食品的开发。     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory (DPPIV-I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L⁻¹ to 12.42 mg L⁻¹ in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.     

Cladonia lichens and their major metabolites as possible natural antioxidant,antimicrobial and anticancer agents

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of the acetone extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Cladonia pyxidata and Cladonia rangiferina and their atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. As a result of the study atranorin had largest free radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values 131.48 μg/mL. Moreover, the tested samples had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was fumarprotocetraric acid with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.031 to 0.125 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All samples were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.97 to 41.23 μg/mL.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in a sugar–amino acid model system

The various biological activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) from sugar (fructose and glucose) and 20 amino acid model systems were evaluated. Colour development, in vitro antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities of aqueous solutions of MRPs produced by heating at 130 °C for 2 h were measured. The fructose–amino acid mixture showed higher UV-absorbance and browning intensity than the glucose–amino acid mixture. The fructose–amino acid model MRPs showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ACE inhibitory activities than the glucose–amino acid model MRPs. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of MRPs derived from fructose– and glucose–tyrosine showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of other MRPs. Sugar–amino acid model MRPs inhibited the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cell in a dose-dependent manner (from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml). Glucose MRPs showed slightly higher antiproliferative activity than fructose MRPs. In particular, sugar–tryptophan and –tyrosine MRPs exerted higher biological activities than the other MRPs.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

浏阳豆豉发酵中高产酶活菌株的分离鉴定及酶活性分析

从浏阳豆豉发酵过程中分离产高酶活菌株,通过形态观察结合分子生物学技术进行鉴定,并对其产蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性进行分析。结果表明,分离得到3株菌（编号为000、5132、621）均被鉴定为溜曲霉菌（Aspergillus tamarri）。3株菌的蛋白酶、脂肪酶及纤维素酶的活性测定结果表明,菌株621蛋白酶活性最强,为（207.98±3.20）U/mL;菌株5132的纤维素酶活性最强,为（3.40±1.40）U/mL;菌株000的脂肪酶活性最高,为（90.7±0.64）U/mL。     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.     

红参浓缩液对小鼠的抗氧化、免疫调节及降血糖作用

该研究通过建立衰老小鼠模型和II型糖尿病小鼠模型,对比不同剂量的红参浓缩液对小鼠体内抗氧化、免疫及降血糖活性影响。实验发现：与模型组相比,红参浓缩液给药组显著降低丙二醛含量（MDA）、空腹血糖（FBG）和口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）血糖曲线下面积（AUC）并且显著提高羟自由基清除率（•OH）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和免疫球蛋白G（Ig G）、免疫球蛋白M（Ig M）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量（P<0.05）,明显改善脾脏损害。以上结果表明一定浓度的红参浓缩液可以延缓衰老、提高衰老模型小鼠的免疫力,增强II型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有降血糖的效果。