巴豆醛诱导人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)自噬及相关通路的时间效应变化

为评估巴豆醛对人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)的毒性效应,使用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测BEAS-2B细胞存活率,免疫荧光法检测自噬小体的聚集和定位,Western Blot实验检测自噬标志物微管相关蛋白1轻链3β(LC3B-Ⅱ)及两个自噬相关通路磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标(mTOR)和肝脏激酶B1(LKB1)/单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/Unc-51-类激酶(ULK1)的变化。结果表明:(1)巴豆醛暴露可显著降低BEAS-2B细胞存活率。(2)巴豆醛处理可引起自噬小体的聚集,改变LC3B-Ⅱ蛋白表达量;巴豆醛诱导细胞自噬具有明显的时间效应关系,BEAS-2B细胞自噬强度随巴豆醛暴露时间延长先升高后降低。(3)PI3K/Akt/m TOR通路中磷酸化的PI3K、Akt和4E结合蛋白1(4E-BP1)呈下降趋势,磷酸化的m TOR和核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70 S6K)先下降后升高;LKB1/AMPK/ULK1通路中LKB1、AMPK和ULK1活性均呈升高趋势。因此,两个通路均参与调控巴豆醛诱导的BEAS-2B细胞自噬水平的升高。     

FoxO基因转录活性调控及其对肉品质的影响

FoxO是Fox(Forkhead Box)转录因子家族的一个亚族,是INS/IGF-1通路中关键的信号分子。FoxO1、FoxO3、FoxO4作为FoxO家族主要成员,通过多种方式调节骨骼肌的生长发育。FoxO转录因子调控靶基因的表达、细胞周期进程及程序化死亡,因此FoxO在成肌细胞增殖分化、肌纤维类型转化及脂肪沉积过程中发挥重要作用。本文综述了FoxO基因转录活性调节与骨骼肌发育的相关性,着重介绍FoxO与肉质相关基因的相互联系,以期为提高畜肉肉品质提供理论依据。     

桑叶总黄酮对T2DM大鼠骨骼肌糖代谢及GSK-3β表达的影响

探讨桑叶总黄酮对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大鼠骨骼肌的糖代谢及糖原合成激酶-3β(glycogen synthase kinase 3β,GSK-3β)蛋白表达的影响。将雄性wistar大鼠用高脂饲料喂养16周后,用链脲佐菌素诱导,建立T2DM模型。将模型大鼠随机分为5组:模型组、二甲双胍组(100 mg/kg·bw灌胃)、桑叶总黄酮剂量组(200、100、50 mg/kg·bw灌胃),同时设立正常组。4周后检测各组大鼠的糖耐量,骨骼肌中肌糖原含量,己糖激酶(hexokinase,HK)活性,western杂交检测骨骼肌中GSK-3β蛋白的表达。桑叶总黄酮能降低T2DM大鼠的糖耐量,增加骨骼肌中肌糖原含量和HK活性,降低骨骼肌中GSK-3β蛋白的表达。桑叶总黄酮可改善T2DM模型大鼠骨骼肌的糖代谢,其作用机制可能与降低骨骼肌中GSK-3β蛋白的表达有关。     

嗜酸乳杆菌胞外蛋白调控MAPK和PI3K-AKT信号途径关键蛋白活化水平

探讨并揭示嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)CICC6005分泌的相关蛋白质促进肠道健康及分子机制具有重要研究价值。本实验在确定了L.acidophilus CICC6005分泌的胞外蛋白抑制HT-29结肠癌细胞增殖的基础上,进一步探讨67 ku和37 ku的胞外蛋白通过何种途径发挥抑制结肠癌细胞增殖。研究以HT-29细胞作为靶细胞,用丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B,PI3K-AKT)信号通路为考察对象,以Western Blotting为手段,分析两个通路中关键的靶点蛋白p38、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)、胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)、磷酸化p38(phosphorylated p38,p-p38)、磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端激酶(phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase,p-JNK)、磷酸化的细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase,p-ERK)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phosphorylated AKT,p-AKT)、PI3K的表达水平,以探讨并阐述源于L.acidophilus CICC6005胞外蛋白调控结肠癌细胞增殖状况的分子机制。结果表明,不同质量浓度的67 ku和37 ku胞外蛋白分别作用HT-29细胞一定时间后,两种胞外蛋白均具有下调两个信号通路途径中p-ERK1/2、p-p38、p-AKT、PI3K蛋白的表达,且存在浓度依赖关系;但对p-JNK、ERK1/2、p38、JNK蛋白的表达没有影响。因此,源于L.acidophilus CICC6005分泌的37 ku和67 ku胞外蛋白表现出显著的抑制HT-29细胞增殖的功能,其机制可能与调控MAPK和PI3K-AKT两个信号通路中几个关键的靶点蛋白的活化水平相关。该研究结果提示,食用嗜酸乳杆菌其分泌的胞外蛋白质将达到维护肠道健康的目标。     

灵芝多糖及其菌群代谢产物对HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗的改善作用及机制

目的：探讨灵芝多糖及其菌群代谢产物对HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗状态的影响及其作用机制。方法：以胰岛素(10^-3μmol/L)和地塞米松(10μmol/L)联合建立HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型(insulin resistant HepG2,IRHepG2);使用CCK-8法评价灵芝多糖(Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides,GLP)和灵芝多糖肠道菌群代谢物(Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide flora metabolite,GLP-F)的细胞毒性;使用葡萄糖试剂盒、糖原试剂盒法评价GLP和GLP-F对IR-HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗及糖原合成的影响;使用Western blot法检测了GLP与GLP-F对IR-HepG2细胞胰岛素信号级联中的关键蛋白IRS-1、AKT、GSK-3β、GLUT2、以及PEPCK的磷酸化或表达量的影响。结果：GLP和GLP-F均能显著增加IR-HepG2细胞的葡萄糖摄取量及糖原合成量(P<0.05),且GLP-F对IR-HepG2细胞葡萄糖消耗促进作用显著高于GLP(P&...     

药食资源山楂果防治2型糖尿病成分与作用靶点分析研究

目的 探究山楂果降血糖作用靶点及潜在的分子机制。方法 利用中药综合数据库(traditional Chinese medicines integrated database, TCMID)及中医药百科全书数据库(the encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine, ETCM)并结合文献报道获得山楂果活性成分, 通过Swiss Target Prediction数据库预测其作用靶点。使用GeneCards及在线孟德尔人类遗传数据库(online mendelian inheritance in man, OMIM)获取2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)相关靶点, 与山楂果预测靶点取交集即为山楂果防治T2DM的治疗靶点。将交集靶点导入STRING数据库及Cytoscape 3.7.2进行蛋白质相互作用(protein protein interaction, PPI)、药物-靶点-疾病网络可视化, 并通过DAVID数据库平台进行基因本体(gene ontology, GO)功能分析及京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)通路富集分析。结果 山楂果有效活性成分为12种, 其中槲皮素、熊果酸等作用较为重要, 对应157个靶基因与T2DM相关。PPI及文献检索结果显示磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶调节亚基1 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha, PIK3R1)、RAC-α丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1 (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, AKT1)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶3、8、14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3、8、14, MAPK3、MAPK8、MAPK14)等可能是山楂果防治T2DM的重要作用靶点。KEGG通路富集分析主要涉及磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B (PI3K/Akt)信号通路、叉头状转录因子O亚家族蛋白(FoxO)信号通路、催乳素(prolactin)信号通路等。结论 山楂果能多成分、多靶点、多途径的防治T2DM, 对其引起的胰岛素水平失调、炎症反应、免疫功能及糖脂代谢紊乱发挥关键的调节作用。     

北五味子乙素对大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及分子机制

目的：观察北五味子乙素（schisandrin B,SchB）对缺血再灌注（ischemia/reperfusion,I/R）大鼠离体心脏功能、梗死面积、乳酸脱氢酶及相关蛋白表达的影响,探讨其对I/R损伤的保护作用及分子机制。方法：Wistar大鼠50 只,随机分为5 组：空白对照组（CON）、缺血再灌注组（I/R）、SchB预保护组（SchB）、PI3K抑制剂组（I/R＋SchB＋LY）、腺苷酸活化的蛋白激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK）抑制剂组（I/R＋SchB＋CC）。采用Langendorff法建立离体大鼠心脏I/R模型,心肌缺血2 h,再灌注5、15、30、60 min。观察I/R期间室内压最大上升速率（＋dp/dtmax）、室内压最大下降速率（－dp/dtmax）、左心室舒张末压、冠脉流量和心率;测定心脏灌流液中乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）含量,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑（2,3,5-triphenyltertrazoliumchloride,TTC）染色测定各组心肌梗死面积;免疫印迹检测心肌中总蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,PKB）、磷酸化Akt（p-Akt）、总糖原合成酶激酶-3β（glycogen synthease kinase-3β,GSK-3β）、磷酸化GSK-3β（p-GSK-3β）蛋白表达。结果：SchB可显著改善I/R所致的心肌功能损伤,减少梗死面积,提高心肌中p-Akt和p-GSK-3β蛋白表达。结论：SchB对大鼠离体心脏I/R损伤具有一定保护作用,其机制可能与激活AMPK和PI3K/Akt信号通路有关。     

番茄促分裂素原活化蛋白激酶的研究进展与生物信息学分析

促分裂素原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAPK、MPK 或MK)级联是一种广泛存在于真核生物中的信号传导途径。同动物和酵母类似,植物细胞的MAPK 级联也是由MAPKKK (MEKK, MKKK),MAPKK (MEK,MKK),MAPK 三个级别的激酶对其下游蛋白的磷酸化构成的,最终对细胞生长、发育及抗性等过程中的效应分子进行调控。本文介绍了番茄目前的测序情况,以及番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)MAPK(LeMAPK,LeMPK)的研究进展,根据MAPK 序列在进化过程中的保守性,用模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)MAPK(AtMAPK,AtMPK)基因序列在番茄的转录序列中搜索,得到18 个LeMAPK 条目,其中两条是新的LeMAPK,并与AtMAPK 进行比对和归类。     

叉头转录因子1(FoxO1)与肌球蛋白重链基因(MyHC)的相关性及其对肉品质的影响

肉品质作为一个综合性状,从本质上,基因水平的遗传调控对肉质产生关键影响。随着肉品质研究的深入,多种肉质标记基因被不断发掘,基因之间的相互调控作用为进一步研究提供新的视野。FoxO1作为FoxO(叉头框转录因子)家族的重要成员,是多种细胞通路中关键的信号分子,参与骨骼肌的生长发育、脂肪沉积,并与多种肉质基因具有密切相关性。肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)基因,通过基因表达对肌纤维类型产生直接调控,对肉质产生重要影响;文中对FoxO1、MyHC基因的功能及其对肉品质的影响进行介绍,同时综述了FoxO1对MyHC的调控作用与肉质的相关性,并对其调控机理进行了探讨。     

新橙皮苷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化的影响及其作用机制

为探讨新橙皮苷对脂肪细胞脂肪形成的影响及其作用机制,采用MTS法检测新橙皮苷对3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的细胞活力的影响,确定新橙皮苷的作用浓度后,油红O染色法和分光光度法测定3T3-L1脂肪细胞的分化及胞内甘油三酯的含量,RT-PCR测定脂肪形成相关基因CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α（CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinα,C/EBPα）和过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体γ（Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorγ,PPARγ）mRNA表达,Western蛋白印迹法检测蛋白激酶B（Protein kinase B,PKB/Akt）、糖原合成酶激酶3β（Glycogen synthase kinase3β,GSK3β）和糖原合成酶（Glycogen synthase,GS）的磷酸化水平;利用GSK3β选择性的抑制剂LiCl作用3T3-L1脂肪细胞后,检测新橙皮苷对3T3-L1细胞分化、胞内甘油三酯含量、C/EBPα、PPARγ及aP2蛋白表达的影响。结果表明,新橙皮苷能极显著抑制脂肪细胞分化和胞内甘油三酯的形成（P<0.01）,激活Akt信号通路,促进p-Akt和p-GSK3β水平增加,极显著抑制C/EBPα、PPARγ、aP2 mRNA和蛋白表达（P<0.01）。新橙皮苷的这些影响部分地被GSK3β抑制剂LiCl所抑制（P<0.01）。新橙皮苷能够通过激活Akt/GSK3β信号通路抑制脂肪细胞分化。     

Lycopene inhibits growth of human colon cancer cells via suppression of the Akt signaling pathway

The aberrant regulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt survival signaling pathway in cancer has prompted significant interest in suppression of this pathway to treat cancer. Previous studies identified an important role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt in colon cancer progression. Lycopene, a major component in tomato, exhibited potential anti-carcinogenic activity. Consumption of tomato has been associated with reduced risk of several types of human cancer. However, the inhibitory mechanisms of lycopene on the proliferation of human colon cancer have not been studied well yet. Thus we investigated the inhibitory effects of lycopene on the Akt signaling pathway in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. Lycopene inhibited cell proliferation in human colon cancer HT-29 cells with a IC(50) value of 10 microM. Lycopene treatment suppressed Akt activation and non-phosphorylated beta-catenin protein level in human colon cancer cells. Immunocytochemical results indicated that lycopene increased the phosphorylated form of beta-catenin proteins. These effects were also associated with reduced promoter activity and protein expression of cyclin D1. Furthermore, lycopene significantly increased nuclear cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip)abundance and inhibited phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein in human colon cancer cells. In conclusion, lycopene inhibited cell proliferation of human colon cancer cells via suppression of the Akt signaling pathway and downstream targeted molecules.     

单宁酸通过抑制TRAF6向细胞质膜的招募抑制Akt信号通路

目的：表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B, PKB,也称Akt）信号通路在大多数人类实体肿瘤中过度激活、表达失调,促进肿瘤细胞增殖。植物单宁属于植物 多酚类物质,能够抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。然而,单宁酸通过何种机制调控肿瘤细胞中过度激活的Akt信号通路仍不 清楚。方法：本实验选用人胶质瘤U87细胞作为模型,研究单宁酸抑制人胶质瘤U87细胞EGFR/Akt信号通路的分子 机制。结果：单宁酸抑制人胶质瘤U87细胞Akt的磷酸化以及受Akt信号通路调控的相关蛋白4EBP-1和核糖体S6蛋 白的磷酸化。进一步研究发现,单宁酸抑制肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6（tumor necrosis receptor-associated factor 6,TRAF6）向细胞质膜的招募,导致与TRAF6相互作用的Akt蛋白减少,进而抑制人胶质瘤细胞中Akt的磷酸化 激活。利用EGFR组成型激活突变体EGFR vIII研究单宁酸对TRAF6向细胞质膜招募的影响发现：一方面单宁酸对 EGFR的抑制作用需要EGFR胞外区第2～7外显子区域的存在;另一方面单宁酸对EGFR磷酸化的抑制是导致TRAF6 向细胞质膜招募减少的原因。结论：EGFR是单宁酸发挥其抗肿瘤作用的受体蛋白,单宁酸通过抑制EGFR的磷酸 化改变TRAF6向细胞质膜的招募进而介导了单宁酸对肿瘤细胞中Akt磷酸化的抑制,从而控制蛋白质的翻译,为食 品来源单宁酸的抗肿瘤研究提供理论依据。     

Apoptosis of stomach cancer cell SGC-7901 and regulation of Akt signaling way induced by bovine lactoferrin

Lactoferrin, a protein from bovine milk belonging to the transferring family proteins, contains 2 bound Fe⁺³ ions. Recent research has revealed that lactoferrin exhibits not only antimicrobial activity by its high affinity for Fe⁺³ but also remarkable anticancer capacity in cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, increasing evidence suggests that aberrant activation of Akt is involved in both normal cells and human cancers and that inhibition of Akt signaling pathway might be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the antitumor induced by exposing stomach cancer cell SGC-7901 to lactoferrin for 24 and 48 h. The cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-yl)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and apoptosis was quantified by propidium iodide uptake and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescent probe label through flow cytometry. Our investigation indicates that inhibitory ratio of 50 μM lactoferrin for proliferation of stomach cancer cell SGC-7901 is much higher than 12.5 and 25 μM, and for the extended treatment time, the concentration of 50 μM has more efficiency than 100 μM lactoferrin. To elucidate a mechanism involved in its antitumor effect, we studied the Akt cell signaling pathway of SGC-7901 while treated by 50 μM of lactoferrin after 0, 24, and 48 h, particularly Akt phosphorylation of 2 individual residues, Ser473 and Thr308, Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β, forkhead in human rhabdomyosarcoma, and nuclear factor-κB proteins, respectively, activated by Western blot. The expressions of Akt, phosphorylated Akt Ser473, phosphorylated Akt Thr308, phosphorylated nuclear factor-κb p65 Ser536, and Bcl-2 significantly decreased; however, the expressions of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β Ser9, phosphorylated forkhead in human rhabdomyosarcoma Ser256, and phosphorylated caspase-9 Ser196 increased in response to lactoferrin treatment in SGC-7901. These results suggest that lactoferrin inhibits Akt activation and modulates its downstream proteins phosphorylation in apoptosis of SGC-7901 human stomach cancer cells.     

植物多酚通过PI3K/Akt信号通路抗肿瘤作用研究进展

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶B（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase B,PI3K/Akt）信号通路是一条经典的抑制细胞凋亡、促进细胞增殖的信号转导通路,在肿瘤、心血管疾病、神经系统疾病和糖尿病等的防治中发挥重要作用,特别是肿瘤。PI3K/Akt信号通路的异常活化与肿瘤的发生、侵袭和转移等过程密切相关,对该通路的研究已成为当今国内外治疗肿瘤的焦点。植物多酚因具有抗肿瘤作用而成为预防肿瘤的天然药物。本文综述了PI3K/Akt信号通路的结构、活化机制以及与肿瘤的关系,总结植物多酚通过该信号通路对肿瘤细胞的作用机制,以期为研发植物多酚作为预防肿瘤的保健食品或药品提供一定的科学依据。     

Activation of Akt (protein kinase B) stimulates metaphase I to metaphase II transition in bovine oocytes

In somatic cells, the serine/threonine kinase Akt (or protein kinase B) was shown to contribute to processes linked to cellular growth, cell survival and cell cycle regulation. In contrast to these findings, the function of Akt during the meiosis of mammalian oocytes remains to be investigated. We analysed the phosphorylation pattern and the activity of Akt during meiotic maturation (transition from prophase I to metaphase II) of bovine oocytes. The oocytes were matured in vitro (IVM) for 0, 10 and 24 h to reach the germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (M I) and metaphase II (M II) stages respectively. The abundance and phosphorylation pattern of Akt was revealed by Western blotting using total Akt or phosphoso-Akt-specific antibodies. The activity of this particular kinase was determined by an in vitro kinase assay. Furthermore, functional properties were analysed by cultivating oocytes in the presence of the Akt inhibitor SH6. The results showed that the overall abundance of Akt did not change significantly during IVM. On the other hand, Akt became phosphorylated at Thr 308 and Ser 473, reaching its maximum at the M I phase. In the GV and M II stages, only low basal phosphorylation levels were observed on both sides. This phosphorylation profile corresponded strictly to the activity of the kinase. The cultivation of oocytes in the presence of the phosphatidylinositol analogue SH6 for 24 h showed that, with higher concentrations, up to 65% of the oocytes were arrested in the M I stage. This result indicated that Akt is involved in the M I/M II transition during the meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes. The physiological aspects of the Akt function will be discussed.     

四氢姜黄素经PI3K/Akt信号通路对人血小板活化和聚集的调控作用

目的：探讨姜黄素的主要肠道代谢物四氢姜黄素（tetrahydrocurcumin，THC）对血小板活化和聚集的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法：在体外实验中，用不同浓度的THC（0、0.5、1、10 μmol/L）提前与健康人纯化血小板共同孵育40 min，然后加入凝血酶激活血小板2 min，用流式细胞术测定血小板表面CD62P和CD63的表达量，用酶联免疫吸附法测定血小板释放血小板因子-4（platelet factor-4，PF4）和趋化因子配体-5（chemokine ligand 5，CCL5）水平，用血小板聚集仪检测血小板释放ATP水平和血小板最大聚集率，用Western blot蛋白免疫印迹法检测血小板磷酸肌醇-3-激酶（phosphoinositide 3-kinase，PI3K）和Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果：与模型组（血小板悬液中加入0.05%二甲基亚砜）相比，THC能抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板表面CD62P和CD63的表达，抑制PF4、CCL5和ATP的释放，降低血小板最大聚集率，下调PI3K和Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平，且呈浓度依赖效应，其中10 μmol/L的浓度下作用效果显著（P＜0.01、P＜0.001）。PI3K的特异性激动剂740 Y-P可部分逆转THC对PF4和CCL5释放和血小板聚集的抑制作用（P＜0.05、P＜0.01）。结论：THC具有显著抑制血小板活化和聚集的作用，其机制可能是THC可下调PI3K/Akt介导的信号通路。     

Akt and Erk signal transduction pathways are early markers of differentiation in dominant and subordinate ovarian follicles in cattle

Dominant follicles are those that continue to develop and have the potential to ovulate while subordinate follicles regress. Characteristics of dominant follicles include a larger diameter, higher intrafollicular estradiol, and lower IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-4 concentrations compared with other cohort follicles. Follicle development is regulated by endocrine hormones that act via intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we show the differences in Akt, Erk, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and p-38 signaling pathways between dominant and subordinate follicles at the dominance stage of the follicle wave. However, earlier in the follicle wave (dominant follicle selection), there were only differences in the levels of Akt and Erk signal transduction proteins among dominant and subordinate follicles. Using this profile of Akt and Erk protein expression in granulosa and theca cells of selected dominant follicles compared with subordinate follicles, we suggest a predictive model to identify future dominant and subordinate follicles from the pool of otherwise similar cohort follicles at the time of follicle wave emergence. We conclude that the Erk and Akt signal transduction pathways are important for dominant follicle selection and development and, furthermore, that the observed differences in these pathways mark the future dominant follicle from subordinate follicles before differences in follicular diameter, follicular fluid estradiol, and IGFBP-4 concentrations are apparent.     

鱼油对KKAy糖尿病小鼠糖代谢及PI3K/Akt信号通路的影响

目的：探讨鱼油对KKAy糖尿病小鼠糖代谢及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）/蛋 白激酶B（protein kinase B,Akt）信号通路的影响。方法：40 只KKAy小鼠,分为模型组和鱼油低、中、高剂 量组,每组10 只。另设10 只C57BL/6小鼠为正常对照组。灌胃12 周后,测定血糖、胰岛素、脂联素、瘦素及 PI3K/Akt信号通路中相关基因的表达水平。结果：与模型组相比,鱼油低剂量组血糖水平极显著降低（P＜0.01）, 鱼油低、中剂量组胰岛素水平显著提高（P＜0.05）,鱼油各剂量组的脂联素水平显著提高（P＜0.05）。此外,鱼油 各剂量组可上调胰岛素受体底物-1、PI3K、Akt、葡萄糖转运蛋白-4基因的表达,其中低剂量鱼油对Akt和葡萄糖转 运蛋白-4基因的调控效果更显著。结论：低剂量鱼油可能通过调节PI3K/Akt信号通路改善糖代谢。