NH+4离子对重组毕赤酵母产华根霉脂肪酶发酵过程的影响

利用重组毕赤酵母在7 L的发酵罐中进行分批补料高密度发酵,考察不同NH4+质量浓度对毕赤酵母基因工程菌表达华根霉脂肪酶的影响。结果表明,补加(NH4)2SO4溶液维持NH4+质量浓度在7 g/L时华根霉脂肪酶酶活最高,分别是不补加(NH4)2SO4溶液、补加并维持NH4+质量浓度在5 g/L、10 g/L条件下的1.41、1.11、1.08倍,而且在该氮源质量浓度条件下,胞外总蛋白质质量浓度最高,达到5.61 g/L。通过分析不同氮源条件下发酵参数比生长速率、产物比形成速率和底物比消耗速率的差异,发现发酵维持NH4+质量浓度在7 g/L时,产物比形成速率和底物比消耗速率均较高,这与该条件下产酶水平最高相一致。研究结果表明,对毕赤酵母基因工程菌发酵过程中的氮源进行优化,能够明显促进外源蛋白质的表达。     

利用Pseudoalteromonas elyakouii菌株发酵法生产褐藻胶寡糖培养基的改进

利用Pseudoalteromonas elyakouii菌株发酵降解相对分子质量10000左右的褐藻胶，制备褐藻胶寡糖．为了达到降低培养基成本和简化分离工艺的目的，使用（NH4）2SO4为氮源的发酵培养基来代替使用蛋白胨为氮源的发酵培养基．为了促进菌的生长和发酵产物褐藻胶寡糖的生成，在新发酵培养基中分别添加海带浸液、葡萄糖、乳糖、几种氨基酸和几种代谢中间产物（丙酮酸、柠檬酸、延胡索酸、尿素），并考察这些成分对菌生长和发酵产物褐藻胶寡糖生成的影响．研究发现：在基本培养基中和添加0．1g／L的L-谷氨酰氨、0．1g／L尿素或0．1g／L柠檬酸时可获得较高的产物浓度。     

不同氨基酸对模拟葡萄汁发酵的影响

该研究在酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）发酵模拟葡萄汁进入稳定期时分别补加18种氨基酸,通过分析酿酒酵母生长、发酵速率以及最终乙醇、有机酸和高级醇含量的变化,比较不同氨基酸对葡萄酒发酵的影响。结果表明,丙氨酸（Ala）和缬氨酸（Val）能显著增加酿酒酵母的生物量和发酵速率以及最终乙醇和异丁醇含量（P＜0.05）,对有机酸含量影响较小。高质量浓度的半胱氨酸（Cys）（200 mg N/L）和赖氨酸（Lys）（200 mg N/L）抑制酿酒酵母生长和发酵速率,显著增加了有机酸含量（P＜0.05）。蛋氨酸（Met）抑制酿酒酵母的发酵速率,产生了大量的3-甲硫基丙醇。因此,对发酵有积极影响的Ala和Val比较适合作为葡萄酒酿造过程中的补加氮源,反之,Cys、Lys和Met不适合作为补加氮源。     

安琪YE美味的秘密——访安琪酵母股份有限公司副总经理吴朝晖

YE，是英文Yeast Extract（酵母抽提物，亦称酵母味素）的缩写，是一种源自食用酵母的新型调味料，它以蛋白质含量丰富的食用酵母为原料，采用现代生物工程技术．将酵母细胞内的蛋白质、核酸等降解后精制而成，主要成分为多肽、氨基酸、呈昧核苷酸、B族维生素及微量元素。YE以其源于天然，营养丰富、味道鲜美醇厚及独特的调味增鲜功能，     

YE专用高蛋白高RNA酵母菌株的筛选及鉴定

为筛选适合生产酵母抽提物(Yeast extract,YE)的高蛋白、高RNA酵母菌株,对来自安琪酵母公司野外采集保藏的酵母菌进行摇瓶活化、稀释涂布和划线纯化,获得酵母菌150株。通过摇瓶培养进行初筛,得到5株高蛋白、高RNA酵母。经过30 L小试发酵复筛,获得1株酵母菌株J-5。该酵母菌发酵后蛋白质含量平均达59.4%,RNA含量达9.86%,干重41.58 g/L。并对菌株J-5发酵活力、海藻糖含量测定,结果表明该菌株发酵活力、海藻糖积累量均较低,为酵母抽提物生产优良菌株。通过形态学、生理生化及26S r DNA序列同源性分析,初步鉴定菌株J-5为酵母属酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。     

3株非酿酒酵母在模拟葡萄汁中的生长特性与发酵香气

在模拟葡萄汁培养基中以三种非酿酒酵母(葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母、美极梅奇酵母、浅白隐球酵母)为实验对象,以酿酒酵母DV10为对照,研究三种非酿酒酵母的生长特性和发酵香气。结果表明:葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母的生长特性最好,其次是美极梅奇酵母;不同酵母发酵模拟培养基共检测出74种与酵母代谢相关的挥发性化合物,其中醇类13种,酯类29种、酸类9种、醛酮类5种、萜烯类8种、苯环类6种和其他类4种;不同酵母菌发酵的培养基中的香气成分及含量差异明显,美极梅奇酵母产生的发酵香气浓度最高(206.27 mg/L),其中有玫瑰花香的苯乙醇(102.49 mg/L)对香气的贡献最大,另一重要香气物质为3-甲基丁醇(86.65 mg/L);浅白隐球酵母典型的发酵香气为金合欢醇(0.13 mg/L),给葡萄酒带来柔和的甜香气;葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母能够产生较为丰富的香气物质,典型的发酵香气为乙酸乙酯(5.86 mg/L)、乙酸-3-甲基丁酯(1.17 mg/L)、辛酸乙酯(25.01 mg/L)、辛酸-3-甲基丁酯(0.3 mg/L)、乙酸-2-苯乙酯(14.36 mg/L)、辛酸(1.96 mg/L)和香茅醇(0.21 mg/L),赋予葡萄酒复杂的果香和花香。在葡萄酒酿造中应用特定的非酿酒酵母进行发酵,可以用来生产有特定风味的葡萄酒。     

苹果酒发酵过程中酵母对氨基酸利用的研究

对酵母J00的氨基酸利用特性进行了研究，确定出该酵母对各种氨基酸和NH_4~+的需要范围。通过调整苹果浓缩汁中的氨基酸含量，并分析氨基酸对酵母发酵代谢产物的影响，发现当果汁中氨基酸及NH_4~+的组成为：NH_4~+(120mg／L)、组氨酸(30mg／L)、苯丙氨酸(30mg／L)、缬氨酸(35mg／L)、异亮氨酸(30mg／L)、亮氨酸(10mg／L)、天门冬氨酸(160mg／L)、苏氨酸(1000mg／L)、谷氨酸(45mg／L)、甘氨酸(5mg／L)、丙氨酸(25mg／L)、蛋氨酸(15mg／L)、酪氨酸(15mg／L)、赖氨酸(45mg／L)、精氨酸(25mg／L)、天门冬酰胺(30mg／L)时，各种氮源的比例比较合适，使酵母发酵过程较优，可增加乙醇产率，提高总糖利用率，同时可以达到降低高级醇生成量的目的。     

分阶段温度控制策略提高重组葡萄酒酵母合成β-胡萝卜素的研究

利用农副产品为发酵底物,生产高附加值的牛物产品具有良好的应用前景。本研究以模拟葡萄汁为培养基,在7L发酵罐水平L研究了不同发酵温度（25℃、27℃、30℃、33℃）重组葡萄酒酵母T73-63生长和合成外源B．胡萝b素的情况。结果发现,重组葡萄酒酵母最适牛长温度与β-胡萝b素最适合成温度是不一致的：较高的发酵温度（30℃）有利于细胞的生长,能够获得较高的牛物量;但较低的温度（25qc）却能够获得较高的比产物合成速率。根据细胞生长和产物合成动力学曲线,提出了两阶段温度控制策略：发酵前20h温度控制为30℃,20h后降低至25℃至发酵结束;在此调控策略下,最高β-胡萝b素产量和β-胡萝b素合成速率分别达到56．42mg／L和1．28rag／（L．h）,与单一温度发酵模式的最高水平（30℃）相比分别提高了25．7％和14．3％。     

培养基各成分对酵母生长及富铬性能的影响

以活性干酵母为菌种，采用摇瓶培养，通过单因素试验和正交试验，分析了发酵培养基各成分对酵母生长和富铬性能的影响，确定了发酵培养基最优配方，即酵母浸出粉10g／L、蛋白胨10g／L、蔗糖90g／L、KH2PO4 2．0g／L、MgSO41．5g／L和微量元素1mL／L。在该营养条件下发酵生产富铬酵母，生物量可达10．308g／L，有机铬含量达到5190．68μg／g，有机铬总含量为53504．7μg／L，富铬效果较好且稳定。     

以废弃毕赤酵母为高效氮源强化丁酸发酵生产

为有效利用固态废弃毕赤酵母,高效发酵生产丁酸,建立了以80 g/L玉米淀粉为基础培养基、以废弃毕赤酵母处理液为高效有机氮源,连续补加葡萄糖的丁酸发酵工艺。7 L厌氧发酵罐下,发酵20h,先以1∶4的比例添加250~400 g/L规格的废弃酵母处理液替代昂贵的发酵用复合培养基,再连续补加葡萄糖浓缩液。最终的丁酸质量浓度为45 g/L、得率为40%,丁酸占总酸的比率(butyric acid ratio over total organic acids,B/TA)≥0.90的较高水平。该工艺可以有效地利用来自于废弃酵母处理液中的氨基酸,提高细胞生长速度和浓度,增强丁酸合成所依赖的NADH再生速度,间接改善了丁酸发酵性能。与此同时,实现了废弃生物质的有效利用和资源化。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.