冷榨菜籽油的流变特性

以3种不同芥酸含量的油菜籽为原料,通过低温压榨获得冷榨菜籽油(cold-pressed rapeseed oils,CROs),分析其静态和动态流变特性以及特征指标,同时采用Bingham模型对其流体行为进行拟合。结果表明：在剪切速率为0.1～200s-1条件下,CROs呈剪切变稀的假塑性流体;当剪切速率大于5s-1时,CROs表现为牛顿流体行为;温度是影响CROs流变性质的重要因素,CROs的黏度、损耗模量(GO`)和塑性稠度系数(ηp)随着温度升高而降低,但是温度变化对CROs的贮能模量(GO`)影响较小;另外CROs的黏度和GO`随芥酸含量增加而提高,而且ηp值与芥酸含量成正相关。     

精炼工艺对菜籽油流变特性的影响

以菜籽毛油为原料,分析了脱胶、脱酸、脱色和脱臭（四脱精炼）对菜籽油流变特性以及品质的影响。研究结果表明,四脱精炼对菜籽油的脂肪酸组成和折光指数无显著影响;在恒温下,随着剪切速率的增加,菜籽油的粘度先逐渐减小再趋于稳定,即菜籽油是由非牛顿流体逐渐向牛顿流体转化;同时在大范围的剪切速率下,剪切应力与剪切速率呈近线性关系,菜籽油为牛顿流体;精炼所导致的菜籽油粘度差别与微量成分相关,并且精炼可以降低菜籽油的屈服应力值;Herschel-Bulkley的简化方程τxy=τo＋K（dVx/dY）或者Bingham方程相对适用于表征菜籽油在四脱精炼过程中的流变特性。     

番茄汁液流变性质的关联

对经45、32、24和16目筛网过筛所得番茄汁液的流变性质进行了研究。采用旋转式粘度计测定了番茄汁的剪切速率-剪应力数据。通过剪切速率-剪应力实验数据的关联发现,番茄汁液的流变行为可用Bingham模型表征。确定了不同温度和不同网目下番茄汁液的稠度指数和屈服应力。同时也建立了不同网目下番茄汁液的表观粘度与温度函数关系的关联式。     

低浓度亚麻籽胶的流变特性

对低浓度亚麻籽胶溶液的流变特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,亚麻籽胶溶液属于浓度与粘度关系符合指数规律的流体 ,但当其浓度≤ 3g/L时溶液近似牛顿流体 ,浓度 >3g/L时为假塑性流体 ,且随着浓度增加呈现愈强的假塑性流体特征。亚麻籽胶溶液在一定浓度下表现出剪切稀化的特性。低浓度的亚麻籽胶溶液在pH 6～ 8粘度较大 ,酸、碱均使其粘度降低 ,但酸的影响更大。亚麻籽胶溶液粘度对温度有很强的依赖关系 ,粘度随温度的升高而降低。     

糖膏非牛顿流体流变特性的实验研究

以甲糖膏为研究对象,考察了其流变特性及锤度、剪切速率、温度和时间对糖膏粘度的影响.在实验条件范围内,结果表明:糖膏呈现拟塑性,并且具有触变性;粘度随锤度的增大而增加;粘度先随温度的升高快速降低,当达到一定温度后粘度缓慢降低;流变指数n随温度的升高而增大,稠度系数K随锤度的增加而降低.最后绘出间歇煮糖过程中流变指数n随煮糖时间变化的曲线和粘度随煮糖时间变化的曲线,为煮糖过程中粘度作为控制参数的在线检测和控制提供理论依据和控制参数值.     

共混比例对角蛋白/纤维素溶液流变性能的影响

探讨了角蛋白、纤维素及其共混溶液的性质,分析了温度、剪切速率、共混比例等对角蛋白／纤维素溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明：角蛋白、纤维素及其共混溶液的表观粘度随剪切速率的增大而降低,均属假塑性流体。角蛋白与纤维素的共混体系中,角蛋白分子阻碍了纤维素分子链段之间的纠缠,使其共混体系的表观粘度、结构粘度、粘流活化能及稠度系数均随共混比例的增加而减小．非牛顿指数随共混比例的增加而增大．且粘度指数均小于1。     

低密度聚乙烯的毛细管流变性能

为研制低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)纤维,确定合理的纺丝工艺参数,利用毛细管流变仪研究LDPE材料的流变性能.研究结果表明:LDPE剪切黏度随剪切速率的增大而降低,随温度的升高而降低,非牛顿指数n小于1,随温度的升高而变大;当LDPE纺丝在加工温度为205℃时,非牛顿指数n为0.498,最接近牛顿流体.在150～250℃温度范围内,LDPE的黏流活化能在10 ～13 J/mol之间,且黏流活化能随剪切速率增加而降低,稠度系数K随温度升高而降低,属于假塑性流体,在纺丝过程中可以通过调节温度和剪切速率来改变LDPE熔体的可纺性.     

低浓度阿拉伯树胶溶液的流变特性及影响因素研究

以低浓度阿拉伯树胶溶液为研究对象,考察了其流变特性及浓度、剪切速率、温度、pH、搅拌时间对溶液粘度的影响。结果表明,低浓度阿拉伯树胶溶液的粘度随溶液浓度的增加呈下降趋势,表现为牛顿流体的特性;在一定浓度下表现出剪切稀化的特性;其粘度对温度有一定的依赖性,粘度随温度的升高呈波动性变化;在pH低于5时,其粘度随pH的下降而显著升高,在pH为5.79~11.17的范围,粘度不受pH变化的影响;低浓度阿拉伯树胶溶液在不同的搅拌时间作用下具有不同的粘度。     

羧甲基淀粉糊料流变性能研究

研究了羧甲基淀粉糊料制备及其流变性能.分析了影响羧甲基淀粉流变性能的因素:糊料含固量、剪切速率、剪切应力、振荡频率、温度.结果表明:含固量增加,羧甲基淀粉粘度上升;剪切速率增加,表观粘度迅速降低;温度升高,羧甲基淀粉粘度下降等.通过小幅振荡剪切应力扫描、频率扫描试验得出,随着温度的升高,储能模量和耗散模量下降,损耗角增大,流变性能发生明显变化.     

加热过程对马铃薯淀粉糊流变特性的影响研究

为探讨马铃薯淀粉糊在加热过程中的流变特性,利用DV-I型旋转式黏度计对马铃薯淀粉糊进行流变性测定,并对其流变特性进行分析.结果表明:在讨论的加热温度范围内马铃薯淀粉糊是假塑性非牛顿流体,其流变特性服从幂律指数模型,随着加热温度的升高其稠度系数k减小,流变指数n基本上没有变化,随着浓度的增大其稠度系数k增大,流变指数n减小.     

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF LOQUAT (ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA) JUICES

The rheological behaviour of two different loquat juices was studied. Juices containing pectins and pulp exhibited non-Newtonian with yield stress behavior. Juices from which pectins and pulp were removed exhibited Newtonian behavior. The Bingham model described the relationship between shear stress and shear rate for the first type of juice and the Newtonian model described the second type. The effect of temperature on the Bingham plastic viscosity and the Newtonian viscosity was described by Arrhenius equation. The effect of soluble solids contents was described by power-law and exponential expressions. Finally, two equations that described the combined effect of temperature and concentration were developed.     

In-Line Measurement of Rheological Parameters and Modeling of Apparent Wall Slip in Diced Tomato Suspensions Using Ultrasonics

ABSTRACT: Rheological behavior of a slurry consisting of 1- to 3-mm diced tomatoes suspended in tomato juice was evaluated by an in-line measurement method based upon ultrasonics. This technique permitted the measurements of yield stress, consistency index, and apparent wall slip. The suspension exhibited a yield stress at every flow rate studied, and its value was found to be 0.79 ±0.11 Pa. The shear viscosity at different shear rates was obtained in-line without assuming a specific constitutive equation. A comparison of Herschel-Bulkley, Power Law, Bingham Plastic, and Casson models showed that this suspension was best characterized with the Herschel-Bulkley model. The apparent wall slip region was successfully modeled as a Bingham fluid. This study shows the usefulness of this method for in-line characterization of particulate tomato products.     

Rheological Characteristics of Halberd Wheat Starch

The non‐Newtonian behavior and dynamic viscoelasticity of Halberd wheat starch (23.0% amylose content) pastes were determined with a rheogoniometer. The flow curves, at 25°C, of Halberd starch pastes showed plastic behavior at concentrations of more than 4.0%. The shear viscosity of the starch pastes decreased gradually with an increase in temperature at concentrations less than 4.0%, but remained constant at a concentration of 5.0%. The storage modulus of the starch pastes increased with increasing concentration and remained high during increase in temperature up to 80°C. Almost the same storage modulus was observed upon addition of urea (4.0 M) to the paste at low temperature (0°C), and the modulus stayed at a large value with increase in temperature up to 60°C, which was estimated to be a transition temperature; then it decreased rapidly with further temperature increase. A transition temperature of 60°C was also observed in the dynamic viscosity. A very large storage modulus and dynamic viscosity were observed in alkaline solution (0.05 M NaOH) at low temperature (0°C), both quantities decreased slightly with increase in temperature up to 25°C, which was estimated to be a transition temperature, then decreased rapidly with further increase in temperature. A possible intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amylose and amylopectin molecules is proposed.     

蜂蜜流变模型及水分一温度一粘度图

在过去研究蜂蜜流变特性的基础上,经进一步试验,解决了蜂蜜流变特性的3个重要问题:(1) 水分对蜂蜜粘度的影响极为显著。水分是决定国产蜂蜜质量的最重要的因素。(2)澄清了蜂蜜流变模型的Bing-ham体与Newton体之争,证明国产蜂蜜为Newton体。(3)建立了w-t-n图,以充分描述水分、温度与蜂蜜粘度之间的各种关系。     

RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GOLDENBERRY (PHYSALIS PERUVIANA) JUICE AS AFFECTED BY ENZYMATIC TREATMENT

Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) juice was prepared and enzymatically treated with two dosages (300 and 600 ppm) of Pectinex Ultra SP‐L, then, the juice was concentrated to 30 and 40°Brix. Rheological properties of juices were studied at a wide range of temperatures (5 to 100C) and shear rate range from 0.3 to 100/s using Brookfield Digital Viscometer. The Herschel–Bulkley, Casson and Bingham rheological models were applied to describe the rheological properties of different juices. These properties are key parameters required to solve food industry problems in numerous areas such as quality control, evaluation of consumer acceptance and texture. The results indicated that juice concentrates behave as non‐Newtonian fluids (pseudoplastic) and have a definite yield stress. The Bingham and Casson, plastic viscosity, yield stress, consistency index and flow index decreased with increasing enzyme dosage and temperature. The effect of temperature on the viscosity described by means of an Arrhenius‐type equation. The activation energy for viscous flow depends on the total soluble solids. Moreover, sensory evaluation for juices was carried out. In consideration of industrial utilization, detailed knowledge on the rheological and physicochemical characteristics of cape gooseberry juice is of major importance.     

Effects of temperature,shear rate and constituents on rheological properties of tahin (sesame paste)

In this paper, rheological properties of tahin are reported at temperatures from 20 to 70 °C and shear rates in the range 0.13–500 s^?1. Temporary hysteresis loops were observed in the first cycle of the flow curves. The steady shear behaviour of tahin was pseudoplastic and described by a power law model. The consistency coefficient exhibited strong temperature dependence for which the activation energy of flow was 21.6 kJ mol^?1. The flow behaviour index of tahin tended to increase whereas the consistency coefficient tended to decrease during storage at room temperature. Tahin oil exhibited Newtonian behaviour with a strong dependence of viscosity on temperature. The activation energy of flow for tahin oil was 35.7 kJ mol^?1. While reconstituted suspensions containing up to 20% solids exhibited Newtonian behaviour, those with more solids and the original tahin showed pseudoplastic behaviour. The Krieger–Dougherty model fitted the suspension viscosity data well. Below 20% solids level there was no effect of particle size on the viscosity of the reconstituted suspensions. It was shown that for the same amount of solids the viscosity of a ‘polydisperse’ suspension was lower than that of a ‘monodisperse’ suspension. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

可溶性丝素蛋白的流变性质和胶凝性质

研究了可溶性丝素蛋白的流变性质和胶凝性质。丝素蛋白溶液的黏度随质量浓度的增加而增加;随着温度的升高,丝素蛋白溶液的黏度不断的降低;在剪切速率为0～30S-1的范围内,丝素蛋白溶液是剪切变稀的假塑性流体,剪切速率大于30S-1时,丝素蛋白溶液是牛顿流体;动态流变性质的研究表明,丝素蛋白溶液是典型的粘性流体;随着丝素蛋白质量浓度的增大,凝胶强度增大;丝素蛋白溶液的质量浓度大于100g/L时,丝素蛋白溶液在加热后的冷却过程中会形成凝胶,丝素蛋白溶液的质量浓度越高,则其胶凝点也越高。     

Rheological Properties of Rice Starch Dispersions in Dimethyl Sulfoxide

The steady and dynamic shear rheological properties of rice starches dispersed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution (90% DMSO‐10% water) were evaluated at various concentrations (7, 8, 9 and 10%, w/w). Rice starch dispersions in DMSO solution at 25°C showed a shear‐thinning flow behavior (n=0.44–0.60) and their consistency index (K) and apparent viscosity (η_a,100) increased with the increase in concentration. The apparent viscosity over the temperature range of 25–70°C obeyed the Arrhenius temperature relationship, indicating that the magnitudes of activation energy (E_a) were in the range of 11.7–12.7 kJ/mol. The Carreau model provided better fit on the shear rate‐apparent viscosity data than the Cross model. Dynamic frequency sweep test showed that both storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) of rice starch dispersions increased with the increase in concentration. G′′ showed a higher dependence on frequency (ω) compared to G′ due to the higher G′′ slopes. All rice starch dispersions showed the plateau of G′ at high frequencies. Intrinsic viscosity of rice starch dispersions in DMSO was 104.1 mL/g.