大蒜浸提液对肉制品中亚硝酸盐清除作用的研究

研究了大蒜浸提液对肉制品中亚硝酸盐的清除作用,采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定了大蒜对亚硝酸盐的清除率,并研究了影响该清除率的因素.结果表明,80 ℃水浴10 min,物料比1∶2(m/m)的大蒜浸提液在pH为4.0的反应液中反应20 min对亚硝酸盐的清除率最大.将研究结果用于肉制品中亚硝酸盐的清除,作用效果显著.     

大蒜浸提液对亚硝酸盐的清除作用

试验以火腿和大蒜为主要材料,测定大蒜对火腿中亚硝酸盐的清除效果,计算出清除率。分别检测温度、反应时间、大蒜提取液使用量、p H这4个因素对亚硝酸盐清除率的影响,通过响应面试验确定出大蒜提取液对亚硝酸盐清除效果的最佳条件。结果表明,大蒜浸提液对亚硝酸盐的最佳清除条件为:水浴温度90℃,大蒜浸提液用量5m L,反应液中反应15 min, pH 4.2。     

大蒜微波浸提液对亚硝酸盐的清除效果研究

主要研究了大蒜微波浸提液对亚硝酸盐的清除效果。采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法对影响亚硝酸盐清除率的因素进行了分析。结果表明,微波功率460 W,微波作用时间90 s,大蒜微波浸提液用量3 mL,反应液pH为4.0时对亚硝酸盐的清除率最高,可达到99.26%。将研究结果直接用于肉制品中,对亚硝酸盐的清除效果也非常显著。     

响应面法分析优化大蒜对腌肉中亚硝酸盐清除工艺的研究

实验采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定了大蒜对亚硝酸盐的清除率,并用Box-Benhnken中心组合设计和响应面分析对大蒜清除率的主要影响因素即浸提温度、浸提液用量、反应液pH值、反应时间、浸提时间进行多项式回归模型建立和最优化.结果表明大蒜清除率的最佳工艺条件为:浸提温度78℃、浸提时间14 min、反应液pH值4.2;浸提液用量3.81 mL、反应时间21 min.将研究结果用于腌肉中亚硝酸盐的清除,作用效果显著.     

大蒜浸提液清除酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的研究

文章采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定了大蒜对亚硝酸盐的清除率,研究了影响大蒜浸提液清除亚硝酸盐的因素。结果表明：物料比为1：2的大蒜漫提液在80℃水浴下处理10min,反应液pH为4．0,反应20min对亚硝酸盐的清除率最大。将研究结果用于酱腌菜中亚硝酸盐的清除,效果明显。     

三种蔬菜浸提液对酱菜中亚硝酸盐清除作用的比较研究

采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法测定了大蒜、大葱、洋葱三种蔬菜浸提液在同等条件下对酱菜中亚硝酸盐的清除率。实验结果表明:三种蔬菜浸提液均能有效地清除酱菜中的亚硝酸盐,清除率依次为大蒜(75.09%)>大葱(62.48%)>洋葱(56.41%)。与大葱、洋葱相比,大蒜对酱菜中亚硝酸盐的清除率差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),大葱与洋葱差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。     

茶叶浸提液对肉制品中亚硝酸盐的清除效应

研究茶叶浸提液对降低肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留的作用,以提高肉制品食用安全性。根据茶叶浸提温度、浸提时间、茶叶浸提液用量和反应时间、反应液pH对降低肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留的效果,采用正交试验选择茶叶浸提液清除亚硝酸盐的最佳工艺条件。茶叶浸提液[物料比(g/mL)1∶10,90℃水浴浸提60 min]清除亚硝酸盐的最佳条件为12 mL提取液在pH 5.0的反应液中反应20 min,体外清除率最大为56.83%;对肉制品(20 g)中亚硝酸钠的清除效果达到44%以上。此研究为茶叶浸提液降低肉制品中亚硝酸盐残留应用于实际生产提供理论参考。     

苦瓜对腌制食品中亚硝酸盐清除作用的研究

研究了苦瓜对亚硝酸盐的清除作用,通过单因素和正交实验考察了苦瓜浸提液用量、pH和反应时间对清除率的影响,并比较了新鲜苦瓜与热处理苦瓜清除亚硝酸盐的效果,确定清除亚硝酸盐的最佳条件为:浸提液用量10 mL,pH 4.0,反应时间20 min,在此条件下,清除率达到最大68.56％;通过对比得到新鲜苦瓜的清除效果比热处理苦瓜提高4％～10％.将研究结果用于腌制食品中亚硝酸盐的清除,作用效果显著.     

大蒜、橘皮提取液对麻辣烫汤汁中亚硝酸盐清除作用的研究

主要探讨麻辣烫汤汁中亚硝酸盐的含量,以及大蒜和桔皮对汤汁中亚硝酸盐的清除作用。采集不同来源的麻辣烫样品,使用盐酸萘乙二胺法测定不同来源样品中的亚硝酸盐含量。加入大蒜提取液和橘皮提取液,研究乙醇浓度、反应时间、提取温度和提取液用量等因素对亚硝酸盐清除率的影响。结果表明麻辣烫汤汁中亚硝酸盐的含量为1.18~1.58mg/L。大蒜和橘皮提取液都可清除汤汁中的亚硝酸盐。80℃下制备的大蒜水提液在用量为8m L、与样品反应10min时,对麻辣烫汤汁中亚硝酸盐的清除作用最明显。使用3m L浓度为60%的乙醇在70℃下制备的橘皮提取液,与样品反应25min时,对汤汁中亚硝酸盐的清除作用最明显。     

降低叉烧肉中亚硝酸盐残留量的研究

叉烧肉已成为方便食品进入市场。为使叉烧肉保持鲜艳红色,厂家把亚硝酸盐作为发色剂加到叉烧肉中。大量研究表明,长期摄入含亚硝酸盐的食品会影响人们身体健康。故文章围绕如何降低叉烧肉中亚硝酸盐含量而展开研究。选取Vc、茶多酚、大蒜浸提液对叉烧肉中亚硝酸盐残留量影响进行研究。试验结果表明:Vc、茶多酚、大蒜浸提液能降低叉烧肉中亚硝酸盐的含量,且Vc的效果较为显著,Vc大蒜浸提液茶多酚。通过正交试验得出,当Vc加入量为0.05%、茶多酚0.06%、大蒜浸提液为10%时,叉烧肉中的亚硝酸盐含量最低,为0.57 mg/kg,对叉烧肉中亚硝酸盐的清除率达到96.04%。同时叉烧肉的外观色泽诱人,肉香浓醇,口感细腻,具有浓烈的蒜香味,组织紧密。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the