螺旋藻银杏运动饮料研制及抗氧化性研究

以螺旋藻和银杏为原料,辅以白砂糖、柠檬酸、羧甲基纤维素钠、结冷胶与黄原胶,探讨螺旋藻银杏运动饮料制备工艺条件。以感官评分和离心沉淀率为衡量指标,采用单因素与正交试验得到该运动饮料最佳配方参数为:螺旋藻提取液1%、银杏提取液4%、白砂糖2%、柠檬酸0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5%、结冷胶0.08%、黄原胶0.15%,制得饮料呈浅黄绿色,色泽均一、透明,口感柔和无异味,酸甜适中,久置溶液澄清,无明显沉淀或分层,具有较好抗氧化性。     

高酰基结冷胶在常温乳酸菌饮料中的应用研究

为了研究高酰基结冷胶在常温乳酸菌饮料中应用的最佳工艺配方和稳定性,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究了复配稳定剂及其用量对常温乳酸菌饮料稳定性的影响,确定了常温乳酸菌饮料的最佳工艺配方:白砂糖质量分数为6%,酸奶基料质量分数为7%,单、双甘油脂肪酸酯质量分数为0.02%.最佳稳定剂:高酰基结冷胶质量分数为0.03%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)质量分数为0.12%,大豆多糖质量分数为0.02%,其中,高酰基结冷胶对饮料体系稳定性影响最大.本研究结果能够为后期结冷胶在食品中的应用提供参考依据.     

奇亚籽蛋白饮料悬浮稳定性的研究

研究了奇亚籽悬浮饮料的制备方法。采用结冷胶为主要悬浮剂,添加乳酸钙辅助悬浮,通过单因素试验确定其添加范围,通过正交试验确定奇亚籽的复水条件及各悬浮成分添加量。试验结果表明,结冷胶0.045%,乳酸钙0.04%,奇亚籽15%的添加量为最佳方案。     

芦荟悬浮饮料的研制

本研究以库拉索芦荟为原料,滇皂荚多糖胶为复配稳定剂配料,通过正交试验、感官评定、稳定性试验等对芦荟悬浮饮料的生产工艺和产品配方进行了研究。试验结果表明：在芦荟悬浮饮料加工中复合稳定悬浮剂的最佳配方为：琼脂：0．05％,滇皂荚多糖胶：0．03％,氯化钾：0．03％。芦荟悬浮饮料中主要成分的最佳配方为：柠檬酸：0．20％,复合稳定剂：0．10％,白砂糖：11．0%．芦荟果肉：6．0％。     

银耳莲子汁饮料加工技术及配方研究

莲子、银耳是我国传统的滋补保健品。以银耳、莲子为主要原料研制的营养饮料有很好的市场前景。为了获得风味和口感良好,营养丰富及状态稳定的银耳莲子汁饮料,通过正交试验、感官评定、稳定性试验对银耳莲子汁饮料的生产工艺和产品配方进行了研究。试验结果表明:通过三因素三水平正交试验,柠檬酸0.7‰、D-异抗坏血酸钠1‰、EDTA0.6‰的护色液护色效果最好,能有效控制生产过程酶促褐变及美拉德反应;通过四因素三水平正交试验,乳化稳定剂的最佳配方为:卡拉胶0.09%、结冷胶0.02%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.07%、蔗糖酯0.08%;通过五因素四水平正交试验,银耳莲子汁的最佳配方为:莲子3%,银耳0.6%,白糖和冰糖6%,复合稳定剂0.26%,pH为6.0;按上述工艺和配方生产的银耳莲子汁饮料口感、风味最佳,稳定性良好。     

无籽刺梨果汁饮料配方及其稳定性研究

以无籽刺梨为原料,对无籽刺梨果汁饮料配方及其稳定性进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验设计优化无籽刺梨果汁饮料的最佳配方为:无籽刺梨原果汁14%、白砂糖6%、柠檬酸0.26%、苹果酸0.02%、安赛蜜0.01%、阿斯巴甜0.01%;同时以正交试验设计优化饮料中不同稳定剂的添加量为羧甲基纤维素钠(carboxymethylcellulose sodium,CMC-Na)0.08%、黄原胶0.01%、结冷胶0.007%。该产品口感纯正,酸甜适中,组织均匀,稳定性好,具有无籽刺梨独特的香味。     

小米饮料稳定性的研究

试验以小米饮料的离心沉淀率为评定指标,考察了小米饮料调配时加入的稳定剂对饮料稳定性的影响。选取5种不同的稳定剂,包括瓜尔豆胶、阿拉伯胶、单硬脂酸甘油酯、结冷胶以及蔗糖酯,分别进行单因素试验。通过对添加稳定剂后的小米饮料进行感官评定以及测定离心沉淀率,从中筛选出三种效果较好的稳定剂,分别是瓜尔豆胶、阿拉伯胶和结冷胶,然后进行正交试验,从而提高饮料的稳定性。结果表明,在添加0.35%瓜尔豆胶、0.60%阿拉伯胶和0.30%结冷胶时,小米饮料的稳定性达到最好,常温下放置两周无分层现象。     

发酵型燕麦酸乳饮料的研制

以生牛乳、蔗糖、燕麦为主要原料,以羧甲基纤维素钠、高甲氧基果胶、结冷胶为稳定剂,制成发酵型燕麦酸乳饮料。通过不同稳定剂、蔗糖的配方组合,确定产品最佳配方。结果表明,羧甲基纤维素钠、高甲氧基果胶、结冷胶的最适添加量分别是0.3%、0.2%、0.04%,蔗糖的最适添加量为7%,按照该配方组合制备的发酵型燕麦酸乳饮料的口感和稳定性较好。     

枸杞杏鲍菇复合运动饮料的研制

以枸杞和杏鲍菇为主要原料,以蔗糖、柠檬酸、黄原胶、果胶与羧甲基纤维素钠为辅料,研制复合运动饮料。以感官评分为评价指标,利用单因素试验与正交试验确定枸杞提取液、杏鲍菇提取液、蔗糖和柠檬酸组成的最佳料液配比;以离心沉淀率为评价指标,采用单因素试验与正交试验确定黄原胶、果胶与羧甲基纤维素钠组成的复合稳定剂最佳添加量。结果显示,饮料中原料液的最佳配方参数为枸杞提取液25%、杏鲍菇提取液20%、蔗糖8%、柠檬酸0.15%,此时感官评价达到最高分;饮料中复合稳定剂最佳配方参数为黄原胶0.20%、果胶0.10%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.40%,此时离心沉淀率为2.19%。根据上述配方制得的复合运动饮料富有枸杞的香甜味和杏鲍菇特有的鲜味,色泽均匀,酸甜适中,适合运动者饮用。     

燕麦乳酸菌饮料的研制

以发酵酸乳为基料,添加一定比例的燕麦浆,制成燕麦乳酸菌饮料。分别以产品的感官质量和稳定性为指标,采用正交试验法确定了燕麦乳酸菌饮料的最佳基本配方和稳定剂组合。结果表明:酸乳30%、白砂糖8%、燕麦浆15%、柠檬酸0.12%时,产品的感官质量最佳;CMC0.20%、果胶0.10%、结冷胶0.05%时,产品的稳定性最好。     

结冷胶在非膨化冷食品中的应用研究

从结冷胶的特点和冷食品新产品开发的要求出发，重点研究了结冷胶在冷食品中的应用，以适应冷食品发展的需要。选取适宜的胶体与其复配，达到最佳凝胶效果。然后将复配胶体用于非膨化冷食品中，得到较理想的酥脆冷食品配方。配方为：葡萄糖15％，甜蜜素0．10％，柠檬酸0．15％，柠檬酸钠0．03％，结冷胶0．02％，魔芋胶0．08％，卡拉胶0．05％，氯化钙0．1％，水84．47％。     

EFFECTS OF GELLAN GUM, CITRIC ACID AND SWEETENER ON THE TEXTURE OF LEMON JELLY

Effects of various ingredients on the texture of lemon jellies prepared from gellan gum, citric acid and sweetener were investigated by rheological measurement and sensory evaluation. The data were analyzed by use of the modification of Scheffé's mixture experiment method in converse triangle experiment area. The contours of the response surface were drawn using the best model whose terms were searched by AIC statistic, and the approximate model was calculated to consider the contours. "Hardness" estimated by both methods was large in jellies with high content of gellan gum and low content of citric acid. The content of citric acid significantly influenced "smoothness" estimated by a subjective method. The influence of citric acid varied with the content of gellan gum. The correlation coefficients of evaluation between "hardness" and "lemon flavor" or "sourness" were negative.     

Influence of pH and added gums on the properties of konjac flour gels

The gel strength and texture of konjac gel and mixed gels of konjac and various gums were measured after gelation at various concentrations of alkali. A selection of different alkaline reagents was used. Regardless of alkali concentration, increasing konjac levels caused a decrease in pH but an increase in hardness and strength of konjac/gellan gum mixed gels. The highest gel strength and hardness were given by mixed konjac/gellan gum gels using sodium carbonate as the gelling medium. Under similar gelling conditions, the addition of gellan gum resulted in the greatest gel hardness. Of the gums examined, a possible synergistic effect on konjac/gellan gum mixed gel texture was observed.     

Textural properties and microstructure of low-fat and sodium-reduced meat batters formulated with gellan gum and dicationic salts

Instrumental texture characteristics of low-fat, reduced-sodium meat batters formulated with other salts (KCl and MgCl₂ or CaCl₂) with gellan gum were evaluated. Fat and sodium reduction through incorporation of gellan gum and either of the dicationic salts produced less rigid, more ductile structures. Inclusion of magnesium chloride resulted in better performance, whereas addition of calcium chloride resulted in less desirable properties. The dicationic salts level used probably inhibited the gellan gum thermoreversible properties, affecting its water holding properties. Microstructural differences between the dicationic salt treatments were apparently due to the effect of dicationic salt concentration on myofibrillar protein extraction and solubilization, and gellan gum gelation properties. Use of magnesium chloride in tandem with gellan gum in the studied low-fat, reduced-sodium meat batters effectively compensated for the structural differences caused by fat and sodium reduction.     

基于组分调控的胶原蛋白肠衣凝胶糖果物性及感官品质

为了考察组分对胶原蛋白肠衣凝胶糖果物性及感官品质的影响,分别以显微结构、色差分析、物性分析、感官品质分析为手段,探究糖馅中高、低酰基结冷胶及蔗糖、果葡糖浆的最佳用量。结果表明,低酰基结冷胶用量与凝胶糖果的紧实程度、硬度和回弹力呈正相关,与顺滑感、融化性和润湿性呈负相关;高酰基结冷胶用量与贴合程度呈正相关。最终获得消费者喜爱的胶原蛋白肠衣凝胶糖果糖馅中各物质质量分数为：去离子水150%、果葡糖浆80%、蔗糖20%、低酰基结冷胶1.5%、高酰基结冷胶1.5%、乳酸钙1.0%、柠檬酸钠0.25%。     

高酰基结冷胶凝胶特性的研究

研究了高酰基结冷胶溶液的凝胶特性并对其凝胶机理进行了分析,通过对高酰基结冷胶在不同浓度、温度、pH值和Ca2+盐条件下流变特性和凝胶强度的实验研究,结果表明:胶体浓度、温度、游离的二价阳离子含量以及pH值的差异都会对高酰基结冷胶的粘度和凝胶强度产生影响。对高酰基结冷胶作用力的初步考察结果表明:疏水作用、氢键作用、静电作用在形成凝胶的过程中均起关键作用,疏水作用影响最大。     

青稞紫米谷物饮料原淀粉复合抗老化剂配比优化研究

以蔗糖脂肪酸酯、结冷胶、六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠为组分进行复配,筛选出青稞紫米谷物饮料中原淀粉复合抗老化剂,其各组分最佳添加量为:蔗糖脂肪酸酯1.1g/L、结冷胶0.11g/L、六偏磷酸钠0.13g/L、三聚磷酸钠0.084g/L。产品货架期稳定性达10个月以上,通过感官评价、理化及微生物检测,各项指标均符合国家标准。     

甜味料和亲水胶体对酸改性淀粉凝胶粘度及质构的影响

本文研究了各种甜味料(蔗糖、淀粉糖浆、山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽糖醇)和亲水胶体(魔芋胶、琼脂、结冷胶、海藻酸钠、罗望子胶、果胶、阿拉伯胶、卡拉胶)对酸改性淀粉糊的粘度、凝胶体强度、质构的影响.结果表明:相同浓度甜味料和不同浓度(0.1％～0.5％)的胶体对酸改性淀粉协同增粘作用的大小顺序分别为:山梨糖醇＞异麦芽糖醇＞...     

微波复热速冻馒头保水剂及其对质构的影响

以速冻馒头为研究对象,以海藻酸钠、结冷胶、硬脂酰乳酸钙(CSL)等几种改良剂为原料,研制了一种速冻馒头保水剂的配方,以提高馒头微波复热后的品质。响应面优化试验结果表明：速冻馒头保水剂的最佳配方为海藻酸钠0.37%、结冷胶0.15%、CSL 0.21%。验证实验表明,在此条件下速冻馒头微波复热后质量损失率为6.02%,接近预测值6.01%,说明该配方可靠。     

EFECT OF pH BUFFERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GELLAN GELS

The strength and deformability of calcium cross-linked gellan gels as affected by pH 3.5 and 5.0 citrate and acetate buffers were measured by large compressive deformation test until failure. The trend of dependence of gel strength on polymer and calcium concentrations was similar to gels formed in distilled water without pH adjustment. A critical calcium concentration was observed for each gellan concentration. Gels formed at the critical calcium concentration exhibited the maximum strength. The chelating effect of pH 5.0 citrate buffer greatly increased the critical calcium concentration. The failure strain, representing the deformability, of gellan gels formed in buffers behaved differently from gels formed in distilled water. In the pH 3.5 buffer systems, gellan gels were brittle regardless of gellan and calcium concentrations. In the pH 5.0 buffer systems, gellan gels were brittle at high calcium concentrations and ductile at calcium concentrations less than 24 mM in citric buffer and less than 6 mM in acetate buffer.