酶联免疫法测定食品和饲料中的黄曲霉毒素

本实验应用酶联免疫方法对食品和饲料中的黄曲霉毒素进行测定,奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M1的多次重复测定的结果的变异系数小于12%,回收率接近90%。说明本试剂盒测定结果比较精确,重现性较好。食品辅料及饲料中的黄曲霉毒素B1的测定结果的变异系数小于15%,说明实验结果的重现性较好。     

酶联免疫法测定干红辣椒中的黄曲霉毒素B1

本实验采用酶联免疫法对干辣椒中的黄曲霉毒素B1 进行检测,并对黄曲霉毒素的防控措施进行讨论。结果显示,检测灵敏度为0.1μg/kg,相对标准偏差小于3%,平均回收率达97%,说明本法稳定性好,测定准确,重现性好,能有效的应用于干辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B1 的检测。     

牛奶及奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M1的快速测定

采用免疫亲和柱－荧光光度法快速测定了牛乳及乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M1。试样经过离心、脱脂、过滤后滤液经过键合有黄曲霉毒素M1特殊抗体的免疫亲和柱净化，此抗体对黄曲霉毒素M1具有专一的识别能力，黄曲霉毒素M1键合在分离柱中的抗体上，用甲醇与水之比为10：90的混合液将免疫亲和柱上杂质除去；以甲醇与水之比为80：20的混合液通过分离柱洗脱；加入溴溶液衍生，以提高测定灵敏度，衍生化后的洗脱液于荧光光度计中测定黄曲霉毒素M1，检测低限为0．1μg/kg；在0．1－1．0μg/kg范围内，回收率为89．6％－96．1％，变异系数为0．52％－5．8％，分析一个样品的时间小于30min，分析过程中不使用黄曲霉毒素M1标准物质，结果表明，本方法具有准确、简单、快速、安全等优点，可以满足少量和批量样品的检测需要。     

酶联免疫法测定苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1

用酶联免疫法（ELISA）测定不同苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1,对如何防控苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行探讨。在分析的4类产品中,苦荞营养粉的黄曲霉毒素B1含量最低,其次是苦荞速溶片和苦荞醋,苦荞米茶中最高。方法的检测灵敏度为0.1 μg/kg,平均回收率在84.70~84.95%,相对标准偏差小于5%。结果表明,酶联免疫法测定准确,稳定性和重现性好,可广泛应用于苦荞及其制品中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测。     

定性测定羊奶中黄曲霉毒素M1残留高灵敏度检测卡的研制

研制定性测定羊奶中黄曲霉毒素M1残留的高灵敏度检测卡.在硝酸纤维素膜上预包被黄曲霉毒素M1全抗原作为检测线,以及预包被羊抗鼠二抗作为质控线.将抗黄曲霉毒素M1单克隆抗体用胶体金标记作为金标垫.将样品垫、金标垫、预包被黄曲霉毒素M1的硝酸纤维素膜以及吸水垫依次粘贴在PVC板上,切割成试纸条并组装成检测卡.结果表明:该检测卡的检测限为0.5μg/L,对黄曲霉毒素M1的交叉反应率为100％,而与同族的其他物质的交叉反应率小于5％.假阳性率小于5％,假阴性率为0％,检测卡常温储存,保质期18个月.本研究的检测卡,可快速准确地应用于羊奶中黄曲霉毒素M1残留的定性检测,为快速准确地测定羊奶中黄曲霉毒素M1残留提供了依据.     

干红辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B1的判定

在遵循实验测定原理，不影响测定结果的前提下，对样品的前处理，提取的过程、测定的方式进行适当的改变和调整，并利用黄曲霉毒素B1的特性进行确证，从而对干红辣椒中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行定性，定量分析，效果明显，结果满意。     

黄曲霉毒素M1 ELISA试剂盒的检测效果研究

目的为验证本公司生产的黄曲霉毒素M1酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测试剂盒的检测效果。方法用ELISA检测试剂盒对牛奶、酸奶、奶粉和干酪等4种样品中黄曲霉毒素M_1的残留量进行检测,并与高效液相色谱荧光检测法进行对照。结果该试剂盒对4种样品的最低检测限分别为0.039、0.192、0.306、0.199μg/kg(L),试剂盒板内板间变异系数均小于5%;对4种样品做加标回收试验,其回收率均在93%~120%之间,变异系数均小于10%;该方法与高效液相色谱法检测实际样品的阴、阳性判断结果一致。结论该方法稳定、可靠、灵敏,可满足食品中黄曲霉毒素M_1残留快速检测的需要。     

酶联免疫法测定不同食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1

用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1,并对如何防控食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1进行探讨。在所分析菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、核桃油4种油中,以菜籽油黄曲霉毒素B1含量最低,其次是大豆油和核桃油,花生油含量最高。方法检测灵敏度为0.1μg/kg,平均回收率为91.4%～93.5%,相对标准偏差小于5%;结果表明,酶联免疫法测定准确,稳定性和重现性好,可广泛用于食用植物油黄曲霉毒素B1检测。     

细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素B1是目前已发现的黄曲霉毒素中毒性最强的一种,其具有强肝毒性、高致突变性和高致畸性。广泛存在于农产品及饲料食品中,对人类健康存在严重威胁,同时对粮食和畜牧业造成严重的经济损失。细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1是一种有效、安全和环保的解毒方法,该文通过对黄曲霉毒素B1降解的影响因素、细菌胞外酶和胞内酶等对黄曲霉毒素B1的降解机理以及黄曲霉毒素B1降解菌活性产物的应用研究等方面对细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1进行了论述,并对细菌降解黄曲霉毒素B1应用前景进行展望,为以后更进一步研究提供较为全面的资料。     

酶联免疫法测定绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1实验

依据GB/T17480-2008《饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1的测定酶联免疫吸附法》测定绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1含量,绿豆沙由颗粒状变为半固体豆沙状,实验验证该方法对绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1检测的适用性,并对方法的检出限、准确性进行验证,确定酶联免疫法适用于绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测,规范检测细节及注意事项。     

Comparison of nixtamalization and extrusion processes for a reduction in aflatoxin content

Traditional nixtamalization and an extrusion method for making the dough ( masa ) for corn tortillas that requires using lime and hydrogen peroxide were evaluated for the detoxification of aflatoxins. The traditional nixtamalization process reduced levels of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) by 94%, aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) by 90% and aflatoxin B 1 -8,9-dihydrodiol (AFB 1 -dihydrodiol) by 93%. The extrusion process reduced levels of AFB 1 by 46%, AFM 1 by 20% and AFB 1 -dihydrodiol by 53%. Extrusion treatments with 0, 0.3 and 0.5% lime reduced AFB 1 levels by 46, 74 and 85%, respectively. The inactivation of AFB 1 , AFM 1 and AFB 1 -dihydrodiol in the extrusion process using lime together with hydrogen peroxide showed higher elimination of AFB 1 than treatments with lime or hydrogen peroxide alone. The extrusion process with 0.3% lime and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide was the most effective process to detoxify aflatoxins in corn tortillas, but a high level of those reagents negatively affected the taste and aroma of the corn tortilla as compared with tortillas elaborated by the traditional nixtamalization process.     

黄曲霉毒素B1检测方法的研究分析

黄曲霉毒素B1是黄曲霉毒素中毒性最强、危害最大的一种。由于国内外限量标准的不统一,在出口食品中由于黄曲霉毒素不合格而被通报的食品占了相当大的比例。这也对我国检测黄曲霉毒素B1的技术提出了更高的要求,在众多检测方法中酶联免疫法也因其快速、方便等特点,逐渐被认可,成为了黄曲霉毒素B1检测工作初筛的工具。     

二氧化氯对霉变玉米黄曲霉毒素B1脱毒效果的研究

霉变染有黄曲霉毒B1（AFB1）的玉米,用低浓度（250μg/ml）二氧化氯浸泡30－60min,能有效地解除AFB1的毒性。比较了二氧化氯作用时间及不同产地产品脱毒效果的差异,对二氧化氯的解毒功效及其使用安全性也作了探讨。     

Survey of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products consumed in Burdur,Turkey

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in dairy product samples in Burdur city. A total of 315 samples of dairy products were collected during 2008. Of the 315 samples analysed, AFM₁ in 246 samples (78.1%) was found to range from 5.5 to 800 ng/kg. In addition, AFM₁ levels of 16 raw milk, two pasteurised milk, only one milk powder and three white cheese samples were above the Turkish Food Codex. It is concluded that the occurrence of AFM₁ in dairy products may be considered as a possible hazard for public health.     

几种传统食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测与安全评价

采用酶联免疫法检测月饼、花生油、花生糖和豌豆酱等传统食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1（简称AFT B1）含量，分析AFT B1超标的原因及其安全性，结果表明：大部分传统食品中AFT B1在安全限量之内，少数几类产品存在安全隐患。     

2011-2012年食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1的调查

为调查我国市场食用植物油油中黄曲礞毒素B1是螽符合国家标准规定,本论义膈两年的时间,对988个传统烹调油样品、342个新兴功放类油样品中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行了检测。结果显示：2011年传统烹调油合格率为99．22％,新必功效类油样,铺及凋味汕合格宰为95．03％;2012年传统烹调油合格率为99．37％,新必功效类油样品及调味油合格半为96．90％。由此可见,食用油产品的合格牢征逐年提高。     

Effect of γ‐irradiation on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus and chemical composition of three crop seeds

The effect of γ‐irradiation on aflatoxin B₁ production by Aspergillus flavus, and the chemical composition of some different crop seeds were investigated. A. flavus infected seeds behaved differently according to their principal constituents. A. flavus caused an increase in protein and decrease in lipids and carbohydrate contents of wheat, soyabean and fababean seeds. Growth of A. flavus and production of aflatoxin B₁ was inhibited at a dose level of 5 kGy. A. flavus utilizes carbohydrates of seeds for its growth and aflatoxin production. Crops were arranged, in descending order, according to aflatoxin produced in seeds as wheat > soyabean > fababean. There were no changes in chemical constituents of irradiated seeds, such as protein, lipids, and carbohydrates.     

黄曲霉毒素B1金标检测体系建立过程中的影响因素

详细研究了纳米金标记免疫检测体系建立过程中的影响因素，包括检测带的信号强度、封闭试剂，纳米金探针的浓度、包被试剂A和B的浓度、纳米金溶胶的颗粒尺寸，及检测过程中的化学体系等。通过参数优化，确立了建立快速、简易的金标试剂条检测方法的最佳条件。探针溶液中加入保护试剂K后，试剂条的稳定性有明显的提高，常温下试剂条保存期可达120d（信噪比保留70％以上）。     

Minimization of aflatoxin M1 content in Iranian white brine cheese

A chemometric approach was used to minimize the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) content of Iranian white brine cheese. The effects of processing factors such as renneting temperature (30–40°C), cutting size (0.5–1 cm), stirring time (10–20 min), press time (1–2 h), curd size (64–256 cm³) and saturated brine pH (4.6–6) on the AFM1 content of the cheese curds were explored. Renneting temperature, press time and saturated brine pH were, respectively, the most significant factors. The aflatoxin content of the cheese samples decreased with increasing renneting temperature and press time. Lowering of the saturated brine pH reduced AFM1 in the cheese curds. Taking account of all of the factors studied, optimum processing conditions for minimization of AFM1 in the cheese curds were: renneting temperature = 39.91°C, cut size = 0.51 cm, stirring time = 17.71 min, press time = 19.48 min, curd size = 73.27 cm³ and saturated brine pH = 4.79.