姜黄素类物质的生理功能以及其抗氧化机制

姜黄素类物质是姜黄中含有的一类黄色色素,最近研究表明,它具有很强的抗癌,抗氧化,抑制酪氨酸酶等生理功能,其中它的抗氧化机制主要是捕获自由基后,形成一种稳定的具有二氢呋喃结构的二聚体初期产物,该二聚体在姜黄素的抗氧化过程起着重要的作用。     

沙棘籽粕低聚原花青素的制备及结构与抗氧化活性分析

目的:以沙棘籽粕为原料，采用超高压前处理、超声波提取工艺制备低聚原花青素并进行结构分析和抗氧化性能测定。方法:通过单因素实验和响应面试验优化沙棘籽粕低聚原花青素制备工艺，采用红外光谱和超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱分析其结构，并以DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法测定其抗氧化性。结果:最优工艺参数为料液比1∶15(g/mL)、超声时间28 min、温度45 ℃、体系pH 2.85，沙棘籽粕原花青素得率为6.556%，平均聚合度为3.35，主要为二聚体、三聚体原花青素及部分黄酮类物质，二聚体包括3类B型二聚体和1类A型二聚体。低聚沙棘籽粕原花青素显示出良好的抗氧化活性，其DPPH、ABTS、FRAP值分别为2.205，1.307和0.8143 mmol Trolox/g DW。结论:低聚沙棘籽粕原花青素有较强抗氧化性，其结构与葡萄籽粕原花青素存在差异。     

葡萄籽原花青素的聚合度与抗氧化活性关系

采用亚油酸体系和脂质体体系研究葡萄籽原花青素不同聚合度组分的抗氧化活性。结果表明,葡萄籽原花青素具有很强的抗氧化能力,在亚油酸及脂质体体系中,原花青素的抗氧化活性高于VC和VE,并且随着浓度的增加其抗氧化能力与合成抗氧化剂BHT相近。聚合度对原花青素抗氧化作用的影响较大,单体对脂质体体系的抗氧化活性低于二聚体,对于聚合体而言,原花青素对亚油酸体系和脂质体体系的抗氧化作用均随着聚合度的升高而降低。     

葡萄籽中低聚原花青素的研制

研究了从葡萄籽中提取低聚花青素（OPC‘s）,采用石油醚脱酯的干葡萄籽为原料,以乙醇为溶剂热提取后,通过调节pH除去杂质性蛋白,再用乙酸乙酯萃取分离粗提物,石油醚沉淀精制产品,最后经过聚酰胺柱层所得到纯度较高抗氧化性能优良的OPC’s产品。同时对不同层次产品的抗氧化性进行了考察,二聚体的抗氧化性最高。     

粉色、黑色花生种皮色素的抗氧化活性及组分差异分析

为了深入了解粉色和黑色花生种皮色素的抗氧化活性及组分差异,采用高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用仪分析了粉色和黑色花生种皮色素的组分,从粉色花生种皮色素中鉴定出(表)儿茶素和2种原花色素二聚体、1种原花色素三聚体和2种原花色素四聚,黑色花生种皮色素中鉴定出原花色素二聚体、三聚体、四聚体和2种矢车菊素、4种飞燕草素类组分。采用分光光度法测定了粉色、黑色花生种皮色素的抗氧化活性,粉色花生种皮色素的抗氧化能力为(17.46±1.88) U/mg,黑色花生种皮色素的总抗氧化能力(23.77±1.58) U/mg;黑色花生种皮色素对羟自由基和超氧阴离子的半抑制力IC₅₀分别为 0.58、1.79 mg/mL;粉色花生种皮色素对羟自由基和超氧阴离子的半抑制力IC₅₀分别为 0.39、1.41 mg/mL。2种不同颜色花生种皮色素的组分具有明显差异,其抗氧化活性也存在异同之处,黑色花生总抗氧化能力强于粉色花生种皮色素,而抑制羟自由基和超氧阴离子的能力弱于粉色花生种皮色素。     

中性抄纸施胶剂——十六烷基烯酮二聚体的合成

十六烷基烯酮二聚体是烷基烯酮二聚体系列的突出代表,早在三十多年前即已用作施胶剂。它可在中性或弱碱性的条件下应用,能够增加纸的强度和耐久性能。本文是有关十六烷基烯酮二聚体的合成方法。主要反应过程是,硬脂酸与氯化亚砜反应生成硬脂酰氯,再与三乙胺在惰性溶剂中反应,脱去氯化氢而生成十六烷基烯酮二聚体。     

原花青素及其应用

花青素（Ｐｒｏｃｙａｎｉｄｉｎｓ）是自然界中广泛存在的 聚多酚类混合物,主要由儿茶素的单体、二聚体、三聚体、……十聚体等组合而成。低聚原花青素（简称ＯＰＣ’Ｓ）,以其高效、低毒、高生物利用率著称。据资料报道,ＯＰＣ’ｓ拥有强有力的抗氧化能力,在体内其抗氧化、清除自由基的能力是ＶＥ的５０倍、ＶＣ的２０倍。国外关于ＯＰＣ’ｓ的性能研究较多,并广泛用于食品、饮料、化妆品及保健用品等领域。 一、原花青素的植物资源 原花青素在自然界中广泛存在,人们对它的研究已有 ３０多年历史,特别是自 ２０世纪 ８０年代以来,…     

马齿苋多糖对油脂抗氧化作用的研究

以猪油、芝麻油为底物,采用碘量法对马齿苋多糖的抗氧化性能及与抗坏血酸的协同增效作用做了初步研究。结果表明,马齿苋多糖对油脂具有一定的抗氧化性能,其抗氧化效果随其用量的增加而加强;抗坏血酸对马齿苋多糖具有协同抗氧化作用。     

绿茶、红茶和乌龙茶抗氧化性能的比较

采用流动注射化学发光法研究了绿茶、红茶和乌龙茶的抗氧化性能。实验结果表明:绿茶、红茶和乌龙茶能有效的抑制超氧阴离子自由基诱导的鲁米诺化学发光,并且随着发光体系中绿茶、红茶和乌龙茶浓度的升高,发光强度呈现下降趋势即具有较强的抗氧化性能,对绿茶、红茶和乌龙茶的抗氧化性能进行了比较。     

生姜油对猪油抗氧化效果的研究

以过氧化值 (POV)和酸价 (AV)为指标 ,研究了生姜油对猪油的抗氧化性能。结果表明 :生姜油对猪油具有较强的抗氧化作用 ,VC、茶多酚和市售姜油均对猪油有一定的抗氧化性能     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.