野阳合多糖及其纯化组分对胆汁酸的结合能力

以野阳合为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,经离子交换柱层析和凝胶柱层析,得到4?种多糖组分YP1-1、YP2-1、YP2-2和YP3-1。采用高效液相色谱与蒸发光散射检测器联用,进行纯度鉴定及分子质量测定,利用柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析各多糖组分的单糖组成,通过紫外光谱分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱进一步分析多糖结构,并通过模拟肠道内环境,测定多糖体外结合胆汁酸的能力。结果显示：野阳合粗多糖提取率为2.41%,总糖质量分数为96.35%;YP1-1、YP2-1、YP2-2和YP3-1均不含核酸和蛋白质,均为均一多糖,分子质量分别为3.52×106、3.08×106、1.93×106?Da和3.35×106?Da;主要为吡喃型糖苷环骨架,糖苷键以β-构型为主;YP1-1和YP3-1的单糖组成为甘露糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,YP2-1和YP2-2的单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖。以上4?种多糖对胆汁酸有较强的结合能力,结合率均高于97%。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌YP6对三种贝壳粉的促磷研究

研究了一株从贵州磷矿植物根际分离的溶磷菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6(YP6)的促生性能及其在贝壳粉和土壤溶磷中的作用。结果表明,菌株YP6具有较好的促生作用,并且经YP6发酵贝壳粉(牡蛎粉,蛤蜊粉和生蚝粉)、土壤和贝壳粉的混合物在第7天样品中可溶磷质量浓度分别为44.9、39.2、40.3、86.4、73.1、74.8 mg/L。说明YP6对土壤和3种贝壳粉均具有显著的溶磷作用。     

Application of soymilk skin as sausage wrapping for improving lipid oxidation

Yuba, the soymilk skin, was developed as edible films for sausage. Yuba (Y) were prepared with added pine-needle extract (YP) and employed to wrap sausage. Physical and mechanical properties and lipid oxidation of sausages were compared to sausages made with commercial collagen casing (C). Y films showed better transparency, oxygen-barrier properties, and UV-light barrier properties than C films (p < .05). Particularly, the addition of pine-needle extract increased DPPH activities from 31 to 48% and total phenol content from 7.52 to 14.64 mg gallic acid/g. Regarding application for sausage wrapping, Y (2.35%) and YP (2.66%) wrapped sausages with better protection against water loss during cooking compared to sausages made from C (5.84%). Especially, YP (3.57 MDA mg/kg) showed better protection against lipid oxidation for sausages than Y (4 MDA mg/kg) and C (4.62 MDA mg/kg) on day 6 after refrigerated storage. Yuba films could be employed as potential alternatives to gelatin films for manufacturing sausages.     

PEKMEZ-DAIRY DESSERTS FORTIFIED WITH SPRAY-DRIED DAIRY POWDERS: EFFECTS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SKIM MILK POWDER, YOGHURT POWDER AND BUTTERMILK POWDER BY A MIXTURE DESIGN APPROACH

A mixture design approach was used to evaluate the interactions between skim milk powder (SMP), yoghurt powder (YP) and buttermilk powder (BMP) on rheological and sensory properties of dairy dessert mixture samples (DDMS). DDMS was prepared with pekmez powder, which was obtained by spray drying of pekmez, also known as concentrated grape molasses. Among the dairy powders, YP was the component that had the most effect on the viscosity of DDMS. The liking of the panelists was more prominent for the dairy dessert samples including the higher concentrations of YP. Optimum values of SMP, YP and BMP in the mixture were found to be 12–46%, 41–90% and 0–39%, respectively with respect to sensory properties.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The compositional properties of dairy powders can be changed by their usage at particular combinations, which could give rise to an improvement in their rheological and sensory properties. Such modifications would be of great economical importance to food industry. Dairy powders can be used to improve these properties when optimum combination levels of these dairy powders are taken into consideration. Therefore, information obtained in this study may be useful in practical industrial food product process monitoring and development.     

富集钙乳酸菌的筛选及培养条件对富集效果的影响

为筛选具有较强钙转化富集能力的乳酸菌（后续用于鱼骨泥发酵）,本文研究了七种乳酸菌（植物乳杆菌CY1-1、植物乳杆菌Z7、戊糖片球菌DBY2-5-1、干酪乳杆菌D400、米酒乳杆菌DL10、嗜酸乳杆菌DL12、清酒乳杆菌YP4-5）及其复合菌株的生长能力、产酸能力和钙富集能力,研究了钙离子浓度、生长时间、pH、温度对初筛菌株钙富集能力的影响,并通过原子力显微镜观察菌体富集前后的表面结构差异,研究乳酸菌的形态变化及钙离子吸附机制。结果表明,单一菌株中钙富集量最高的是植物乳杆菌CY1-1,其次为植物乳杆菌Z7。钙富集能力较强的复合菌株为CY1-1+DL12、Z7+YP4-5,富集量分别较单一菌株提高了6.76和21.69 mg/g。试验菌株在稳定期时的钙富集能力优于对数期,最适富集的钙离子浓度为1.2 mg/mL,Z7菌株的最适pH为6,Z7+YP4-5、CY1-1、CY1-1+DL12菌株的最适pH为7.2,Z7+YP4-5复合菌株的最适温度为37 ℃,其余各组菌株的最适温度为40 ℃。原子力显微镜观察到乳酸菌与钙离子结合后表面结构凸起尖锐,与未结合菌株形态差异明显。上述结果表明,钙富集能力最强的单菌株是植物乳杆菌CY1-1,复合菌株是Z7+YP4-5;乳酸菌能有效吸附钙离子在菌体表面进行富集。     

海水鱼肠道源性抗哈维氏弧菌乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定

哈维氏弧菌是引起对虾和鱼弧菌病的主要病原菌,给海产养殖业造成重大的经济损失。利用1.0%Ca CO3MRS琼脂从鲈鱼、刀鱼、牙鲆和大菱鲆等海水鱼肠道中分离到49株乳酸菌,采用牛津杯琼脂扩散法从中筛选出对哈维氏弧菌具有较强拮抗作用的菌株YP4-5,抑菌直径为18.26 mm。通过蛋白酶、p H值和温度等因素对菌株YP4-5的无细胞上清液(cell free supernatant,CFS)抑菌物质进行初步分析,表明抑菌活性物质对蛋白酶敏感,p H2.5~4.5时对哈维氏弧菌具有抑制作用,具有良好的热稳定性,初步判断YP4-5 CFS中抑菌活性物质为细菌素类。0.4倍最小抑菌浓度YP4-5 CFS可有效抑制74.74%哈维氏弧菌的生长,扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明YP4-5 CFS使哈维氏弧菌细胞完整性破坏,细胞膜溶解,胞内物质外泄。经生理生化和16S r RNA鉴定菌株YP4-5为清酒乳杆菌,为预防和控制水产养殖中哈维氏弧菌感染研发微生态制剂提供良好的菌源。     

绿变大蒜的色素成分及抗肝癌活性

目的：探讨绿变大蒜两种色素提取物对肝癌的抑制作用。方法：以绿变大蒜为原料,用体积分数75%乙醇溶液冷浸提取,经AB-8大孔树脂柱层析分离得到蓝色素（blue pigments,BP）和黄色素（yellow pigments,YP）的粗提物,并采用噻唑蓝法考察其纯化物BP-1及YP-3对HepG2细胞的抑制增殖作用;同时建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型：将80 只小鼠随机分为8 组：模型组、阳性对照组（腹腔注射20 mg/kg环磷酰胺）和BP低（L-BP,灌胃75 mg/kg BP）、中（M-BP,灌胃150 mg/kg BP）、高剂量组（H-BP,灌胃300 mg/kg BP）以及YP低（L-YP,灌胃75 mg/kg YP）、中（M-YP,灌胃150 mg/kg YP）、高剂量组（H-YP,灌胃300 mg/kg YP）,连续给药14 d。研究色素提取物对小鼠的肿瘤生长、免疫器官指数及水食效率（摄食效率、摄水效率）的影响。测定肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量及血清中细胞因子、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor alpha,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-2（interleukin-2,IL-2）和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的水平;取小鼠的肿瘤组织进行病理学分析。结果：与模型组相比,给予BP和YP后,荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤体积显著变小（P＜0.05）,胸腺和脾脏指数显著升高（P＜0.05）,且肿瘤生长速率变缓,能一定程度改善H22荷瘤小鼠免疫功能及抑制肿瘤生长;同时,提高抗氧化酶活力、降低MDA含量,减少肝脏炎症的发生;与模型组相比,给药组的IL-2和TNF-α的表达水平都显著提高（P＜0.05）,VEGF的表达水平降低了63%左右。结论：绿变大蒜中的BP和YP具有一定的抗肝癌活性,为开发绿变大蒜功能食品提供了参考。     

融安金桔不同生长期果实品质特性比较

以广西融安特产油皮金桔和脆皮金桔果实为对象,研究金桔果实在不同生长时期的理化性状及其活性成分的动态变化规律。结果表明,从9月到12月,金桔的单果重、出汁率、pH值、可溶性固形物和糖酸比等理化指标均上升,果籽率和可滴定酸含量下降;主要糖含量分别从39.04和32.38 mg/g上升至111.23和137.11 mg/g;主要有机酸为抗坏血酸、苹果酸和草酸,其中抗坏血酸含量先上升后下降,10月份为金桔抗坏血酸含量高峰期(分别为48.23和23.20mg/g),而苹果酸和草酸含量一直下降;与9月份相比,12月份的油皮和滑皮金桔总黄酮含量分别从3.45和2.14 mg RE/g下降至1.21和0.76 mg RE/g,其中特征性黄酮金柑苷含量显著上升;总酚含量和抗氧化活性均显著下降。两个品种之间,成熟单果重、可滴定酸、总黄酮和橙皮苷含量无显著差异,油皮金桔的果籽率、抗坏血酸、金桔苷和总酚含量以及总抗氧化能力均显著高于脆皮金桔,而其出汁率、p H值、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸、草酸和芦丁含量均显著低于后者。本研究明确了两种金桔不同生长期的果实品质特性,为金桔果实的开发和利用提供了理论依据。     

Donkey Milk for Manufacture of Novel Functional Fermented Beverages

The aim of this work was to investigate on the functional features of a donkey milk probiotic berevage as a novel food. Particularly, it was to study the decrease of lactose content and the antioxidant activity of standard yogurt (YC) and probiotic yogurt (YP; Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei) from donkey milk during the storage up to 30 d at 4 ºC. The evolution of lactose content using enzymatic‐spectrophotometric kits was analyzed. Antioxidant activity of yogurt was measured using 2,2’‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and thiol assays. Parallel consumer sensory studies were carried out as consumer test in order to gain information about the impact of these novel fermented beverages on sensory perceptions. The statistical analysis has shown significant effect of studied factors. The results showed that the lactose content gradually decreased during storage in both yogurts, reaching values of 2.36% and 2.10% in YC and YP, respectively, at 30 d (P < 0.05). During storage of both yogurt types, the antioxidant activity increased, but YP showed a higher antioxidant activity than YC. The results suggest that the antioxidant activity of yogurt samples was affected by cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We conclude that the fermented donkey milk could be configured as health and nutraceutical food, which aims to meet nutritional requirements of certain consumers groups with lactose or cow milk protein intolerance.     

IV. XV. Yeast mapping reports. RPL44 and RPL44′, encoding acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins YP2α(l44) and YP1β(l44′), are adjacent to rig and STF1 on Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes XV and IV respectively

The RPL44′ gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding the ribosomal protein YP1β(L44′) has been found to be linked to the STF1 gene, encoding a stabilizing factor of the F₁F₀-ATPase inhibitor protein from mitochondria. Evidence of this linkage comes from results obtained from Northern hybridization using a DNA probe that contains a complementary region to the 5′ end of the mRNA of RPL44′. Similarly, a data bank search has shown that RPL44, encoding ribosomal protein YP2α(L44) is linked to the rig gene that encodes ribosomal protein S21.     

清香酒醅中高产细菌素乳酸菌的筛选及其细菌素特性研究

目的:从清香酒醅中筛选高产细菌素乳酸菌,分析其在酿酒环境中应用的可能性。方法:本研究采用牛津杯法筛选清香酒醅中具有抑菌活性的乳酸菌,结合形态学、16S rDNA法鉴定高产细菌素乳酸菌,并对酒醅乳酸菌细菌素的稳定性及对酿酒微生物的作用进行研究。结果:从清香白酒酒醅中分离的146株乳酸菌中,筛选到对指示菌金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)具有明显抑制效果的4株菌,经鉴定YP36为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),MC15-1和MC49-1是短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis),SL28为布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)。细菌素稳定性方面,菌株YP36和SL28的细菌素在4~121℃范围内热稳定性无显著变化(P>0.05),菌株MC15-1和MC49-1抑菌能力在4~60℃范围内较稳定(P>0.05),121℃处理后的抑菌活性分别是4℃下的抑菌活性的68.4%和56.38%;4菌株细菌素的酸碱稳定性非常相似,在pH2.0~4.0范围内,抑菌活性无显著变化(P>0.05),pH为6.0时略有下降,当pH为8.0时抑菌活性消失。4株菌的细菌素对清香酒醅中酵母菌无抑制作用。结论:菌株YP36、MC15-1、SL28以及MC49-1理化性质良好,对乳酸菌在酒醅环境中应用具有重要的意义。     

沙门氏菌传统血清凝集分型和分子血清分型试剂盒方法比较

目的 验证沙门氏菌血清分型试剂盒的适用性, 考核本实验室传统沙门氏菌血清分型技术, 扩充沙门氏菌的分型方法, 寻找更有效、更快捷的沙门氏菌分型方法。方法 保存的样品菌株库中随意挑选33株沙门氏菌和6株标准菌株, 首先确证为沙门氏菌, 然后分别采用传统的玻片血清凝集方法和分子血清分型试剂盒对其进行分型, 最后采用16S rRNA系统发育树对试验菌株进行聚类分析。结果 2种分型手段的匹配率高达94.9%, 其中YP 281 Salmonella havana和YP 639 Salmonella liverpool没有匹配到, 这2株菌在试剂盒数据库中不存在, 但本实验利用传统血清分型手段可以对这2株菌进行准确分型, 其中YP 281是本实验室对GB 4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》表B.1外成功分型的沙门氏菌。结论 本实验室传统血清凝集分型技术合格。沙门分子血清分型试剂盒具有较好的适用性, 能更快速、更方便对沙门氏菌进行分型。     

2-step optimization of the extraction and subsequent physical properties of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin gelatin

ABSTRACT:  To optimize the extraction of gelatin from channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) skin, a 2-step response surface methodology involving a central composite design was adopted for the extraction process. After screening experiments, concentration of NaOH, alkaline pretreatment time, concentration of acetic acid, and extraction temperature were selected as the independent variables. In the 1st step of the optimization the dependent variables were protein yield (YP), gel strength (GS), and viscosity (V). Seven sets of optimized conditions were selected from the 1st step for the 2nd-step screen. Texture profile analysis and the 3 dependent variables from the 1st step were used as responses in the 2nd-step optimization. After the 2nd-step optimization, the most suitable conditions were 0.20 M NaOH pretreatment for 84 min, followed by a 0.115 M acetic acid extraction at 55 °C. The optimal values obtained from these conditions were YP = 19.2%, GS = 252 g, and V = 3.23 cP. The gelatin obtained also showed relatively good hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. The yield of protein and viscosity can be predicted by a quadratic and a linear model, respectively.     

电脑测配色系统的应用

阐述电脑测配色系统的原理，详细介绍测配色系统中的硬件和软件系统，如分光仪配色系统和YP色彩应用配色系统基础资料的建立等，举例说明其实际应用。     

Dietary inclusion of diallyl disulfide, yucca powder, calcium fumarate, an extruded linseed product, or medium-chain fatty acids does not affect methane production in lactating dairy cows

Two similar experiments were conducted to assess the effect of diallyl disulfide (DADS), yucca powder (YP), calcium fumarate (CAFU), an extruded linseed product (UNSAT), or a mixture of capric and caprylic acid (MCFA) on methane production, energy balance, and dairy cow performance. In experiment 1, a control diet (CON1) and diets supplemented with 56 mg of DADS/kg of dry matter (DM), 3 g of YP/kg of DM, or 25 g of CAFU/kg of DM were evaluated. In experiment 2, an inert saturated fat source in the control diet (CON2) was exchanged isolipidically for an extruded linseed source (100 g/kg of DM; UNSAT) or a mixture of C8:0 and C10:0 (MCFA; 20.3 g/kg of DM). In experiment 2, a higher inclusion level of DADS (200 mg/kg of DM) was also tested. Both experiments were conducted using 40 lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Cows were adapted to the diet for 12 d and were subsequently kept in respiration chambers for 5 d to evaluate methane production, diet digestibility, energy balance, and animal performance. Feed intake was restricted to avoid confounding effects of possible differences in ad libitum feed intake on methane production. Feed intake was, on average, 17.5 and 16.6 kg of DM/d in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. None of the additives reduced methane production in vivo. Methane production in experiment 1 was 450, 453, 446, and 423 g/d for CON1 and the diets supplemented with DADS, YP, and CAFU, respectively. In experiment 2, methane production was 371, 394, 388, and 386 g/d for CON2 and the diets supplemented with UNSAT, MCFA, and DADS, respectively. No effects of the additives on energy balance or neutral detergent fiber digestibility were observed. The addition of MCFA increased milk fat content (5.38% vs. 4.82% for control) and fat digestibility (78.5% vs. 59.8% for control), but did not affect milk yield or other milk components. The other products did not affect milk yield or composition. Results from these experiments emphasize the need to confirm methane reductions observed in vitro with in vivo data.     

清香型白酒酒醅乳酸菌分离鉴定及其自溶特性研究

采用MRS-碳酸钙培养基从清香酒醅中筛选出具有明显溶钙圈的47株细菌,通过生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列比对分析鉴定,47株乳酸菌中有20株短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus brevis),16株植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum),7株布氏乳杆菌(L.buchneri)和4株戊糖乳杆菌(L.pentosus)。利用比浊法对47株乳酸菌自溶度进行测定,其自溶度为5.01%~29.27%,自溶度大小与菌种没有明显相关性,表现出自溶度菌株特异性。进一步考察了自溶度较高的9株乳酸菌的自溶特性,发现大多数菌株的自溶度随环境温度和pH的升高而增大。     

响应面法优化海洋细菌Bacillus sp.YP07淀粉酶发酵条件研究

从海南洋浦近海分离到1株产淀粉酶的海洋细菌Bacillus sp.G23,利用Plackett-Burman设计对发酵条件进行了筛选,结果表明,蛋白胨、酵母粉和NaCl浓度对酶产量具有显著的影响;利用响应面法对3个因子进行了优化,获得了最佳发酵条件:可溶性淀粉5.00g/L,蛋白胨3.88g/L,酵母粉3.97g/L,NaCl 37.69g/L,pH7.0,180r/min、35℃培养48h,酶产量为665.4U/mL,较初始酶产量提高了4.3倍.     

YP11自动装封箱机胶带纸粘贴外观质量的改进

YP11自动装封箱机在封箱过程中有胶带纸粘贴不牢和胶带纸搭口卷边等现象,影响了设备的正常运行和产品质量.为此,在装封箱机胶带纸粘贴部件出口加装吹风检测装置,并对烟箱输送带安装位置进行了改造,较好地解决了烟箱封口胶带纸粘贴不牢和胶带纸搭口卷边问题,不合格烟箱由原来的平均每班168件减少到每班0件,提高了产品外观质量,减轻了操作工的劳动强度,设备运行稳定.     

MOL1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that is highly expressed in early stationary phase during growth on molasses.

We have isolated a new Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, MOL1, that is transiently expressed at high levels in the early stationary phase of batch cultures growing on industrial molasses medium. The DNA sequence of the MOL1 gene (for MOLasses-inducible) with its flanking regions was determined (EMBL accession number X61669). It encodes a polypeptide of M(r) 35 kDa that is closely related to stress-inducible proteins of similar size from two Fusarium species. Unlike ST135 of Fusarium, MOL1 is not induced by ethanol or heat shock. MOL1 expression is absent in rich (YP) medium, and only very low levels of expression are detectable in minimal (YNB) medium. The gene is not essential, and a MOL1 disruption strain showed no apparent phenotype under a variety of growth conditions. The 5' region of MOL1 contains the complete sequence previously determined for the SUF4 locus, encoding a tRNA-gly (UCC) gene, which has been mapped to chromosome VII.     

Isolation of Endotoxin Eliminating Lactic Acid Bacteria and a Property of Endotoxin Eliminating Protein

Recently, many scholars have reported lactic acid bacteria (LAB) functions, such as anticancer activity and anti‐inflammatory activity for intestines. To decrease inflammatory substances such as endotoxins, LAB consumed safely with meals were isolated from food and food ingredients. First, LAB were isolated as 168 strains of bacillus LAB (49 strain) and coccus LAB (119 strains) from food ingredients and fermented foods such as rice, rice bran, malt, grains, miso soy paste, and some pickles. Their LAB (168 strains) were cultivated in medium containing endotoxin from Escherichia coli O18 LPS at 15 and 30 °C for 64 h to identify endotoxin‐eliminating LAB. Consequently, the AK‐23 strain was screened as an endotoxin‐eliminating LAB strain. The strain decreased endotoxin in YP medium without sugar at 30 °C for 64 h until 9% of endotoxin. The strain was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus according to morphological characteristics such as its cell shape, physiological characteristics related to its fermentation type, assimilation of sugars, pH tolerance, optimum growth temperature, and molecular biological characteristics as its homology to 16S rRNA. To investigate the location of the endotoxin‐eliminating substance, 4 fractions were separated from AK‐23 cells as extracellular, cell wall digestion, cytoplasm, and cell membrane fractions. The endotoxin‐decreasing substance, located on a cell wall, was identified as a 217 kDa protein.