部分省份食用植物油中脂肪酸氯丙醇酯含量水平调查分析

研究调查了10个植物油品种的491批次食用植物油样本中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(3-MCPD酯)、2-氯-1,3-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(2-MCPD酯)、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇脂肪酸酯(1,3-DCP酯)和2,3-二氯-1-丙醇脂肪酸酯(2,3-DCP酯)4种脂肪酸氯丙醇酯的含量水平,为监管工作提供基础数据。用间接测定法以七氟丁酰基咪唑(HFBI)为衍生剂,GC-MS测定,多同位素内标法定量。调查结果显示:所有样本均未检出1,3-DCP酯和2,3-DCP酯;3-MCPD酯检出率为83.3%,检出结果范围为0.104~8.580 mg/kg;2-MCPD酯检出率为66.0%,检出结果范围为0.106~4.320 mg/kg;3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的同时检出率为65.2%;脂肪酸氯丙醇酯含量水平较高的油脂品种是棕榈油和油茶籽油,含量水平较低的油脂品种是橄榄油和大豆油;不同植物油品种脂肪酸氯丙醇酯含量水平差异较大。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定食用植物油中氯丙醇酯的含量方法验证研究

目的建立一种同时测定食用植物油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(3-MCPD酯)、2-氯-1,3-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(2-MCPD酯)、1,3-二氯-2-丙醇脂肪酸酯(1,3-DCP酯)和2,3-二氯-1-丙醇脂肪酸酯(2,3-DCP酯)含量的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)方法。方法植物油样品经叔丁基甲基醚-乙酸乙酯溶液(8∶2,V/V)溶解,在甲醇钠-甲醇溶液中发生酯键断裂反应,用冰乙酸中和正己烷去脂,经硅藻土小柱净化,七氟丁酰基咪唑(HFBI)衍生,以GC-MS法测定,采用同位素内标进行定量。结果经5家检验机构验证,4种氯丙醇酯(以对应的氯丙醇计)在0.02~0.4 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r~2均大于0.999,在0.2~2.0 mg/kg水平的加标回收率在78.5%~109.8%之间,RSD为2.2%~18.8%,检出限均为0.1 mg/kg。结论 2014年英国FAPAS分析实验室能力验证和5家机构协同验证的结果证实,该方法线性良好,准确度、精密度高,检测成本较低,适用于食用植物油中氯丙醇酯的检测。     

深圳市区食用植物油中 3-氯丙醇酯的污染情况分析

目的建立食用植物油中3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPD ester)的气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatographymass spectrometry,GC-MS),并对93份深圳市售食用植物油中3-氯丙醇酯的含量进行调查。方法称取0.1 g样品,用1 m L甲醇钠甲醇溶液(0.25 mol/L)将脂肪中的3-氯丙醇酯水解成3-氯丙醇(3-MCPD),用硅藻土小柱净化后,七氟丁酰基咪唑进行衍生处理,用气相色谱-质谱联用法检测3-氯丙醇酯含量,采用内标法定量。结果 3-氯丙醇酯在250~5000μg/kg范围内线性良好(r0.999),3个浓度水平下加标回收率为78.5%~99.8%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~6.0%。93份食用植物油样品中,检出率28%,3-氯丙醇酯含量为0~73.70 mg/kg。结论深圳市成年人群食用植物油平均3-氯丙醇酯的摄入较为安全。     

食用植物油中4种氯丙醇脂肪酸酯的GC-MS测定方法研究

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,建立了同时测定食用植物油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(3-MCPD酯)、2-氯-1,3-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(2-MCPD酯)、1,3-二氯-2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(1,3-DCP酯)和2,3-二氯-1-丙二醇脂肪酸酯(2,3-DCP酯)含量的分析方法。该方法在0.005~0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限0.1 mg/kg,定量限0.2 mg/kg,加标回收率在97.2%~106.0%之间,相对标准偏差在3.4%~7.1%之间。该方法操作简便,灵敏度高,重复性好,定性定量准确,对仪器污染小,能满足食用植物油中氯丙醇酯的检测需求。     

我国市售食用植物油中脂肪酸氯丙醇酯的污染调查

食用油脂中的脂肪酸氯丙醇酯(简称氯丙酯)是近年来国际关注的新的食品污染物,本研究调查了我国市售食用植物油中氯丙酯的污染情况.在全国多个大型连锁超市采集大豆油、茶籽油、花生油等11种共143份食用植物油.样品经碱水解后,以硅藻土基质分散固相萃取法净化,样液经衍生后采用气相色谱/质谱联用法(GC/MS)检测,以稳定性同位素内标法对3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯(3-MCPD酯)和2-氯-1,3-丙二醇酯(2-MCPD酯)进行定量.调查发现,11类食用植物油中3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯的检出率分别为74.8％和49.7％,含量分别在0.064(最低检出限,LOD)～5.96 mg/kg和0.072 (LOD) ～ 3.43 mg/kg(分别以游离形式的3-MCPD和2-MCPD计)之间;茶籽油和芝麻油污染问题较为突出,其3-MCPD酯含量的中位数分别为1.63、0.60 mg/kg.样品中2-MCPD酯与3-MCPD酯的含量之间存在线性相关,相关系数为0.899.     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的GC-MS法测定及暴露危险分析

目的:建立婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)测定方法,并对部分市售婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的含量进行调查。方法:用乙醚+石油醚(1∶1)提取奶粉样品中脂肪,以1 m L甲醇钠甲醇溶液(0.25 mol/L)将脂肪中的3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPD酯)水解成3-氯丙醇(3-MCPD)并用硅藻土小柱净化后,经七氟丁酰基咪唑衍生,再用选择离子监测的气相色谱—质谱联用法测定,采用内标法定量。结果:3-MCPD酯在250~5 000μg/kg范围内线性良好(r0.999),3个浓度水平下加标回收率为71.5%~99.6%,相对标准偏差为2.3%~6.0%。20份奶粉样品中,检出率65%,含量为0.26~0.97 mg/kg脂肪、0.042~0.22 mg/kg样品。不同阶段统计婴幼儿配方奶粉平均暴露量,一阶段3.32μg/(kg·bw)、二阶段2.42μg/(kg·bw)、三阶段2.72μg/(kg·bw)、四阶段0.23μg/(kg·bw)。结论:该方法灵敏度高、定量准确度,适合婴幼儿配方奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯的检测。     

胡麻油中3-氯丙醇酯的GC-NCl-MS测定

采用气相色谱-负化学离子源-质谱(GC-NCI-MS)联用技术,建立了测定食用植物油中3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPD酯)含量的分析方法。该方法在0.01～0.10 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.997 4),检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为20μg/kg。加标回收率在80.47%～81.68%之间,相对标准偏差在5.60%～8.35%之间。对市售胡麻油中3-MCPD酯进行检测,结果表明:石河子市售的三种胡麻油中3-MCPD酯的含量在0.307 7～1.205 9 mg/kg之间。相对其他文献报道过的油脂,胡麻油中3-MCPD含量处于一个相对中等水平。     

河南省市售食用植物油中氯丙醇酯污染状况分析

旨在为河南省食品安全风险监测提供参考,对河南省市售的205份食用植物油中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯(3-MCPD酯)和2-氯-1,3-丙二醇酯(2-MCPD酯)的污染状况进行调查分析。结果显示：205份食用植物油中,3-MCPD酯污染水平高于2-MCPD酯,其中3-MCPD酯检出率为79.0%,均值为1.83 mg/kg,中位值为1.30 mg/kg;大豆油的3-MCPD酯检出率最高,为93.3%,中位值为1.72 mg/kg,其次是花生油,检出率为89.2%,中位值为1.06 mg/kg,橄榄油的3-MCPD酯和2-MCPD酯污染水平最低;2021年食用植物油中3-MCPD酯、2-MCPD酯检出率均高于2020年;城市、农村人群经由食用植物油摄入3-MCPD酯健康风险较低。不同食用植物油氯丙醇酯的污染水平差别较大,虽然居民经食用植物油摄入3-MCPD酯健康风险较低,但需要继续加强监测。     

承德市食用植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯污染水平与暴露风险评估

目的对承德市售食用植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯进行污染水平分析。方法样品加入适量内标液后,经碱水解脂肪,固相萃取柱脱水净化后,用七氟丁酰基咪唑进行衍生化处理,供气相色谱-质谱仪进样分析。结果在检测的市售的30份植物油样品中,3-氯丙醇酯、2-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的检出率为100%、93%(28/30)及83%(25/30)。3-氯丙醇酯及2-氯丙醇酯含量范围分别在0.15～1.06 mg/kg和0.03-0.66 mg/kg,缩水甘油酯含量范围在0.03～1.85 mg/kg。结论氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯污染在承德市食用植物油中广泛存在,检出率在80%以上,这意味着虽然通过食用植物油摄入氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的健康风险不高,但仍然不能忽视这种风险。检测部门应加大对这两种物质的检测力度,以保障人民的健康安全。     

气相色谱-负化学离子源-质谱测定食用植物油中 3-氯丙醇酯的含量

目的建立气相色谱-负化学离子源-质谱法(gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry,GC-NCI-MS)测定植物油中3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPDE)含量的方法。方法植物油样品经甲醇钠-甲醇水解,硅藻土固相萃取小柱净化,七氟丁酰咪唑衍生化后采用GC-NCI-MS在离子监测模式下对植物油中3-MCPDE的含量进行测定和分析,测定结果均以游离态的3-MCPD计,内标法定量。结果 3-MCPD在0.5~50μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好(r=0.9999),定量限为0.01 mg/kg,在0.10、0.50和1.0 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为79.5%~81.7%,相对标准偏差为6.0%~9.2%。结论该方法准确度和精密度良好,灵敏度高,可用于食用植物油中3-MCPDE的含量测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.