甜菜施用氯化钾对产量和含糖的影响

通过田间试验，土壤和甜菜叶柄，块根的化验分析，研究甜菜施用氯化钾的效应及ＣＬ＾－对土壤理化性状的影响，结果表明，在淡黑钙土上，施用氯化钾１５０～３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，甜菜产量提高４．６％～１２．８％；在黑钙土中施用氯化钾２２５～３００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，含糖提高０．２２～０．３８度；根外追施０．４％浓度，产量提高１８．９％含糖提高０．０７度，氯化钾对甜菜增产，增糖的作用不亚于等Ｋ２Ｏ量的硫酸钾，甚至还     

纤维素酶提取甜菜果胶的工艺条件

对酶法提取甜菜废粕果胶得率的影响因素进行了研究．结果表明,８０ 目甜菜粕粉在５０℃、加酶量１５ Ｕ／ｇ、ｐＨ ４．８ 的Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４－ Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ７ 缓冲溶液,料液比１∶１０～１∶１４、提取时间９０ ｈ 的条件下,果胶提取率达９０％ ～９２％ ,果胶粘均相对分子质量为５．６×１０４,高于酸法果胶的提取率（４２．０％ ）和粘均相对分子质量（４．３×１０４）．为甜菜果胶生产和品质的进一步改良奠定了基础．     

明溪县烤烟施硼效应的初步研究

试验结果表明，烤烟施硼，无论是基施（０．５ｋｇ／亩）、开盘期烧施（浓度０．２％），还是苗期喷施（浓度０．２％）、四棵期喷施（浓度０．２％），均具有明显的增加产、质效果。增产幅度为１～２０％，上等烟提高幅度为２～１８％，均价增加幅度为０．４～１．１６元／ｋｇ。     

丙烷浸出大豆油工艺

讨论在３０℃和０．９－２ＭＰａ下用丙烷在１５ｔ／ｄ罐组式出器逆浸出大豆。脱脂豆粕残油１．１％，水分８．２％，水溶性蛋白４５．８％，粕中氮溶解指数８６．６％，吨料耗溶５ｋｇ。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定饲料中的砷

本文研究了用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定饲料样品中的砷，采用氧化镁添加干式灰化法消解样品，有效地抑制了砷的挥发；添加硝酸镍，大大提高了石墨炉工作程序中的灰化温度，从而降低干扰，提高灵敏度；同时，使用标准加入法，以消除样品基体中磷的干扰。该方法测定高含磷样品的检出限：ＤＬ＝０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ；变异系数：ＣＶ＝２．８％（ｎ＝９）；添加到饲料样品中的砷的回收范围：８９－９８％；用本方法测定饲料中砷，所得结果与     

微波消化-氢化物原子吸收法测定奶粉中的砷

采用微波消化奶粉,氢化物原子吸收法测定砷含量。方法简单快速,灵敏度高,检出限为０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,变异系数ＣＶ＝６．３％,回收率为８８％－９８％。     

采用分光光度法测定甜菜颗粒粕总糖份

本文作者总结了分光光度法，以２．４－二硝基酚为氧化还原显示色剂，测定甜菜颗粒粕中总糖份的研究试验成果，该测定方法简便，快速，准确，灵敏度高，分析费用低，适用于大批量产品质量检测，是对传统分析方法的改进，为甜菜颗粒粕糖份的自动检测提供了可能民生，值得推广。     

甜菜新品种中甜--甘糖4号的选育

中甜──甘糖４号为多粒雄性不育杂交种,较抗（耐）甜菜丛根病,适应性广。在１９９４－１９９５年的国家区域试验（１６个试验点）中,有１５个试验点的产质量达到极显著水平,达到国家“八五”科技攻关标准的试验点有３个,３点平均根产量为２８８１ｋｇ／亩,含糖率为 １４．６５℃,产糖量为４２２．１ｋｇ／亩,分别比对照品种工农２号增加 ８３１.７％,＋ ５．５１°Ｓ, １６２７．７％。     

皮蛋国家卫生标准制修订研究

为修订ＧＢ５１２８—８５皮蛋卫生标准，对标准执行情况进行了研究，收集统计分析了１４省７７５份皮蛋卫生指标检测数据。根据皮蛋加工工艺的改进对皮蛋进行了分类，对铅等重金属指标进行了修订并增加了锌、铜等指标。建议皮蛋卫生指标：传统工艺生产的皮蛋铅≤２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，砷≤０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｐＨ≥９．５；非传统工艺生产的皮蛋铅≤０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，砷≤０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，铜≤１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，锌≤２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ；硬心皮蛋及其它皮蛋铅≤０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，砷≤０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｐＨ≥９．５，菌落总数≤５００／ｇ；大肠菌群≤３０ＭＰＮ／１００ｇ，致病菌不得检出     

甜菜新品种中甜—吉洮单一的选育

甜菜新品种中甜－吉洮单一由洮育单粒二倍体品系８５－７２４与多粒二倍体品系Ａ２－１０４６杂交育成，属标准偏高糖单粒型新品种，其双亲配合力高，杂种优势强，该品种在吉林省甜菜品种区域试验及生产试验中，其根产量，含糖率和产糖量比单粒对照品种吉甜单一提高５．９％～１２．２％，１．９～１．１度，１９．２％～１９．６％比偏高糖多粒对照品种范育一号提高１．８３％～３９．０％（－０．６）～（－０．７）度，１３．６％     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.