发酵制取柠檬皮膳食纤维及其脱色工艺研究

采用正交试验优化绿色木霉发酵制取柠檬皮膳食纤维的最佳工艺，以发酵温度、pH值、发酵时间为主要因素，按L9（3^3）正交组合设计试验，结果表明：提取膳食纤维的最佳组合为发酵温度28℃、发酵时间72h、pH值6．3。同时还进行膳食纤维的脱色处理试验，以过氧化氢（H2O2）为脱色剂，探讨了H2O2的用量、反应时间、反应温度及其pH对柠檬皮膳食纤维脱色效果的影响，并通过正交试验确定了柠檬皮膳食纤维脱色的最佳工艺条件，即：H2O2用量5％，pH10，温度45℃，时间3h。     

小麦麸膳食纤维脱色工艺的研究

麦麸是膳食纤维丰富的天然来源,而麦麸膳食纤维的颜色是制约其在食品工业中广泛应用的最主要因素之一,因此本文主要采用H2O2对麦麸膳食纤维进行了脱色研究.分析了脱色剂用量、脱色时间、脱色温度、pH和料水比对麦麸膳食纤维脱色效果的影响.经过工艺优化,得出其影响的主次顺序及最佳脱色条件,即pH>脱色时间>脱色剂用量>脱色温度>水料比,最佳脱色条件是:H2O2用量8%,pH9,温度70℃,时间4h,水料比7:1.经过最优工艺脱色的麦麸膳食纤维白度达到85以上,并显著改善了麦麸膳食纤维的品质,使其溶胀性、持水性和持油性都得到了一定的提高.     

桔皮膳食纤维的提取及脱色工艺研究

对碱液浸提法提取桔皮膳食纤维的工艺进行了研究。结果表明,提取膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件是：NaOH浓度0．25mol／L、碱提温度50℃、料液比1：15、碱提时间30min。桔皮膳食纤维脱色工艺的最优参数为：双氧水浓度4％、脱色温度30℃、脱色时间5min、pH值为6。     

酶碱法脱脂结合脱色制备豆渣膳食纤维的研究

以大豆渣为原料,采用酶碱法脱脂并结合H2O2脱色的方法制备不溶性膳食纤维。酶碱复合脱脂是先采用碱性脂肪酶再结合氢氧化钠碱处理,对豆渣进行脱脂,随后再进行H2O2脱色。结果表明：在温度50℃、pH值9.5、反应时间2h、酶液浓度120 U/mL、氢氧化钠浓度3%的脱脂优化工艺条件下,以及H2O2浓度0.3 mol/100g干豆渣、pH值为11、温度70℃、水料比15∶1、反应时间1h的脱色优化工艺条件下,可制备得到理想的豆渣不溶性膳食纤维,其白度值为74.51%,脱脂率达到98.81%。     

苹果渣不溶性膳食纤维脱色工艺优化

为改善苹果渣不溶性膳食纤维的色泽和品质,以过氧化氢为脱色剂,采用响应面分析,对苹果渣不溶性膳食纤维的脱色进行初步研究,同时测定其性能特性。结果表明：pH12、H2O2体积分数5%、液料比4:1(mL/g)、处理温度80℃、脱色时间180min时,苹果渣不溶性膳食纤维脱色效果最佳,采用CIE-L*a*b*色空间表示方法,其L*值62.65,a*值－1.47,b*值12.48,亨特白度60.59。脱色后,水不溶性膳食纤维持水力和溶胀性均有所提高,分别为1802.96%和13.73mL/g。     

枣渣不溶性膳食纤维脱色工艺研究

为了改善枣渣不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的色泽,提高产品质量,以双氧水为脱色剂对枣渣IDF的脱色工艺进行了初步研究,同时对脱色后枣渣IDF的性能特性进行了测定.通过正交实验确定了枣渣IDF脱色的最佳工艺为:H2O2的浓度为10%,料液比1:10,pH为11,脱色温度为60℃,脱色时间3h.在此条件下脱色枣渣IDF的色差值达到86.10,显著改善了枣渣IDF的质量,使其持水力提高了2.53倍,溶胀性提高了1.81倍.     

大豆低聚糖活性炭脱色试验

以低温脱脂豆粕粉为原料，用50％乙醇作提取溶剂，提取豆粕粉中的低聚糖成分。以活性炭为脱色剂，进行脱色试验，试验结果表明：脱色的最佳工艺条件为活性炭用量1．5％，脱色温度60℃，pH值3．5，脱色时间60min，脱色率为30．92％。     

柚皮中膳食纤维提取工艺研究

对柚皮中膳食纤维的提取工艺进行了研究，结果表明：在脱色时间60min、H2O2质量分数6％、pH7．0条件下脱色有最佳效果，加热加压时间20min、水料质量比30：1、加热加压时间30min、水料质量比40：1条件下提取，可以将膳食纤维中可溶性膳食纤维的比例提高1．2倍。     

羧甲基豆渣膳食纤维的制备及其性能研究

豆渣膳食纤维的最佳制备工艺为 :分离提取溶剂 1 0mol/L氢氧化钠、料液比 1g∶6mL ,温度 60℃ ,时间 3h。脱脂溶剂为丙醇 ,料液比 1g∶4mL ,温度 2 5℃ ,时间 10h。产品膳食纤维含量 85 3 9% ,产品中的脂肪含量低于 0 98%。羧甲基豆渣膳食纤维制备条件为 :温度40℃ ,固体氢氧化钠用量为 0 3mol/L反应液 ,一氯醋酸用量为 0 2 5mol/L反应液 ,碱化 1h ,醚化 2h。羧甲基取代度为 0 9时 ,豆渣膳食纤维中水溶性膳食纤维的含量为 2 5 0 3 % (约为1∶4)。动物实验表明 ,羧甲基豆渣纤维比原豆渣纤维有更强的降血糖作用。     

复合酶法提取豆渣膳食纤维的研究

用复合酶法提高豆渣中膳食纤维的提取率。研究酶制剂配比(α-淀粉酶∶木瓜蛋白酶)、酶制剂用量、酶解时间和pH值4个因素对膳食纤维提取率的影响。由单因素试验结果可知,酶制剂配比、用量和酶解时间对膳食纤维提取率的影响较大,正交试验结果表明:在酶制剂配比为1∶3(m∶m)、用量为1%、酶解时间为2h时,脱脂豆渣中膳食纤维的提取率最高,达83.84%,即原豆渣中膳食纤维提取率为76.89%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.