陇南3个品种油橄榄果实品质比较分析

以陇南市经济林研究院大堡油橄榄品种示范园的3个栽培品种‘阿斯’‘奇迹’‘莱星’果实为原料,观察不同品种不同采摘时间果皮颜色变化,测定果实含油率、多酚含量、黄酮含量及橄榄油脂肪酸组成和含量的变化趋势。结果表明:在生长发育过程中,果皮转色最早的品种为‘莱星’,其次为‘阿斯’,‘奇迹’最晚;‘奇迹’果实含油率总体呈上升趋势,‘阿斯’‘莱星’果实含油率总体呈先上升后下降趋势,含油率最高的品种为‘莱星’,其次为‘奇迹’,‘阿斯’最低;3个品种果实的多酚和黄酮含量呈波浪式的变化;脂肪酸主要成分油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸含量在不同品种间差异较大,MUFA/PUFA、C18∶1/C18∶2也不同,橄榄油品质稳定性不同,11月10日至11月30日3个品种MUFA/PUFA、C18∶1/C18∶2较高,其中‘莱星’的MUFA/PUFA、C18∶1/C18∶2高于其他2个品种。综合分析,以含油率、多酚含量为指标确定最佳采摘时间,‘阿斯’果实最佳采摘时间在次年3月10日至3月20日,‘奇迹’果实最佳采摘时间在次年2月10日至2月20日,‘莱星’果实最佳采摘时间在次年1月30日至2月20日。3个品种中‘莱星’果实品质最佳,‘奇迹’次之,‘阿斯’果实品质最差。     

陇南油橄榄‘阿尔波萨纳’果实表型性状 及主要功能成分的动态变化

以甘肃省陇南市油橄榄研究所种质资源基因库种植的油橄榄品种‘阿尔波萨纳’(Arbosana)果实为研究对象,分析测定其果实单重、纵横径、果形指数、含水率、干基含油率、多酚含量、黄酮含量以及果实油脂脂肪酸组成与含量在生长发育过程(2017年8月10日—2018年3月30日)中的变化。结果表明:果实单重、纵横径呈先上升后下降的趋势,后期稍有上升;含水率整体呈下降趋势,后期受降雨的影响稍有上升;干基含油率在2017年11月30日之前以较快的速度上升,12月30日之后稍有下降;多酚、黄酮含量表现为先下降后上升的趋势,在2017年9月30日—12月30日时间段处于较低水平;油酸含量在2017年10月10日之前呈下降趋势,之后呈上升状态,MUFA含量与油酸含量变化趋势一致,亚油酸含量在2017年10月20日前呈上升趋势,之后开始下降,次年2月20日后又开始上升,SFA含量和PUFA含量在2017年11月10日之前呈下降趋势,之后基本趋于稳定。‘阿尔波萨纳’果实油脂中脂肪酸的主成分分析表明:油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、棕榈油酸、亚麻酸、十七碳烯酸、花生酸、十七酸对油脂品质的影响最大,在2017年9月10日—10月20日时间段,主成分得分较高,果实中油脂品质处于较佳状态。     

膳食脂肪酸构成及适宜推荐比值的研究概况

天然食物中的脂肪酸分为SFA、MUFA和PUFA,PUFA又包含n 6PUFA和n 3PUFA两类,由于它们具有不同的化学结构和物理性状,对健康亦产生不同的影响。大量研究显示,膳食中摄入SFA越高,血清TC越高,CHD发病率越高;膳食脂肪供能34%,MUFA供能18%～21%,可降低血清TC、LDL C、TG,并保持HDL C不降低,橄榄油、茶籽油富含MUFA,但必需脂肪酸不理想;PUFA具有降低血清LDL C水平的作用,玉米胚芽油、葵花籽油富含n 6PUFA,但缺乏n 3系α 亚麻酸以及不适宜的n 6 n 3的比值值得关注;膳食脂肪供能30%以下,SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别供能10%(即1∶1∶1)或<10%∶10%∶10%(<1∶1∶1)仍是目前最佳推荐值;不饱和脂肪酸中n 6 n 3的适宜推荐值是(4～6)∶1。     

陇南两种单品种初榨橄榄油的化学性质和脂肪酸组成随成熟度的变化

分析了陇南2个品种初榨橄榄油的化学性质和脂肪酸组成随成熟度增加的变化规律。结果表明：随着成熟度的增加2个品种的鲜果出油率增加且存在显著性差异。初榨橄榄油风味成分中氮氧化合物、含硫以及烷烃类化合物变化幅度较大,通过电子鼻可以区分不同品种不同成熟度的橄榄油。恩帕特雷和科拉蒂的k232、270值最高分别为1.85和1.91、0.18和0.14,多酚、黄酮含量变化范围分别为2.39～4.53和7.47～10.39、0.07～0.40和0.75～2.84 mg/g。氧化稳定时间在第6（6.28 h）和第5(16.71 h)成熟度为最高。酸价的变化范围分别为0.37～1.02和0.19～0.38 mg/g,过氧化值的变化范围分别为2.92～8.32和2.38～5.19 mmol /kg,油酸含量分别为72.36%～77.76%和59.23%～65.73%,亚油酸含量分别为7.70%～11.81%和9.74%～15.86%,SFA含量分别为11.81%～13.15%和14.25%～20.99%,PUFA含量分别为8.34%～12.36%和10.92%～16.84%,MUFA含量为72.69%～78.50%和62.36%～68.20 %。同一品种的MUFA/PUFA、C18:1/C18:2和MUFA含量变化趋势一致,与PUFA呈相反的变化趋势,2个品种之间各种脂肪酸含量差异明显,上述测定指标完全符合GB 23347—2009中特级初榨橄榄油的标准。科拉蒂的出油率、多酚、黄酮、油酸含量和氧化稳定时间明显大于恩帕特雷,而酸价、过氧化值低于后者。综合考虑认为科拉蒂的初榨橄榄油品质优于恩帕特雷,恩帕特雷和科拉蒂分别在第6和第5成熟度的初榨橄榄油品质最好。     

3种淡水鱼油脂肪酸的含量分析

运用气相色谱质谱联用方法,分析了鲢鱼、罗非鱼和草鱼3种淡水鱼脂肪的脂肪酸组成。淡水鱼脂肪经氯仿/甲醇(体积比=2∶1)提取后,用三氟化硼甲醇溶液衍生,衍生物用气相色谱质谱法分析。结果显示,3种淡水鱼脂肪多不饱和脂脂酸(PUFA)含量为29.26%～41.49%,主要有亚油酸(C18∶2)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)、花生四烯酸(C20∶4)、二十二碳五烯酸(C20∶5,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(C22∶6,DHA);单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量为26.46%～39.60%,主要有棕榈油酸(C16∶1)和油酸(C18∶1);饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的含量为23.35%～37.05%,主要有肉豆蔻酸(C14∶0)、棕榈酸(C16∶0)和硬脂酸(C18∶0)。3种淡水鱼脂肪SFA∶MUFA∶PUFA的比值,鲢鱼为0.56∶0.84∶1;罗非鱼为1.07∶1.35∶1;草鱼为1.02∶0.72∶1。鲢鱼、罗非鱼和草鱼脂肪的n-6/n-3脂肪酸比值分别为1.16,2.46和1.98。3种淡水鱼脂肪具有较高的营养和开发价值。     

微碱条件生物酶法提取大鲵肝脏油脂及其脂肪酸组成分析

以大鲵肝脏为原料,采用微碱条件生物酶法提取大鲵肝脏油脂。通过单因素试验及正交试验,研究了p H、料液比、加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度对提取率的影响,确定了大鲵肝脏油脂提取的最佳工艺参数,并用气相色谱对其脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:大鲵肝脏油脂的最佳提取条件为酶解时间3 h、碱性蛋白酶加酶量1 500 U/g、料液比1∶2、p H 7、酶解温度30℃,在该工艺条件下大鲵肝脏油脂的提取率为81.67%;大鲵肝脏油脂中主要含12种脂肪酸,分别为C18∶1 24.51%、C16∶0 21.74%、C16∶1 13.02%、C18∶3(ω-6)12.61%、C18∶2 6.18%、C18∶3(ω-3)4.04%、C22∶63.51%、C22∶0 3.45%、C14∶0 2.97%、C20∶4 2.83%、C24∶0 2.65%、C18∶0 2.48%,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占33.29%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)占66.70%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)占37.53%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占29.17%,具有保健功能作用的ω-6型PUFA为21.62%,ω-3型PUFA为7.55%。研究表明大鲵肝脏具有较高的营养价值和脂质开发潜力。     

油瓜种仁油与8种食用油理化及挥发性成分对比分析

以云南西双版纳油瓜种仁油为原料,对比分析核桃油、花生油、黑芝麻油、玉米胚芽油、大豆色拉油、大豆油、橄榄油、葵花籽油共9种油脂的理化成分、矿物质含量及脂肪酸组成。结果表明,油瓜种仁油过氧化值为(5.90±0.81)mmo L/kg,水分及挥发物为(0.31±0.07)%,杂质含量为0.25%,酸值为(11.21±0.13)mg KOH/g。矿物质含量(除锰含量)位列所检油脂第二0.262 mg/kg,铜含量位列第七0.284 mg/kg,磷、锌、铁、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾含量均最高。油瓜种仁油共检出9种脂肪酸,以亚油酸45.89%、棕榈酸29.85%、油酸14.14%为主。MUFA(单不饱和脂肪酸)∶PUFA(多不饱和脂肪酸)∶SFA(饱和脂肪酸)=1∶3.3∶2.7。n-3 PUFAs∶n-6 PUFAs=1∶63。建议与橄榄油复配,复配后MUFA∶PUFA∶SFA=1∶1∶0.8。或油瓜种仁油、橄榄油、核桃油三者复配,复配后MUFA∶PUFA∶SFA=1∶1∶0.7。调和n-3与n-6 PUFAs比例,直接添加亚麻酸等n-3 PUFAs类油脂纯品改善脂肪酸比例。     

蒙古斑点马不同部位脂肪和肌肉组织中脂肪酸组成的比较研究

通过对蒙古斑点马不同部位脂肪和肌肉组织中脂肪酸组成进行分析比较,旨在明确蒙古斑点马体脂脂肪酸组成特点。选择3 匹成年蒙古斑点马,屠宰后采集肾周、肠周和皮下脂肪以及肩肌、背最长肌和臀肌样品,利用气相色谱法测定脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明：蒙古斑点马不同脂肪组织中均检出19 种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）含量34.77%～37.38%,不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acid,UFA）含量达60%以上,UFA中单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）含量33.04%～36.39%,多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）含量26.47%～27.51%,其中皮下脂肪C10:0、C18:0、C20:0含量显著低于肾周和肠周脂肪（P＜0.05）;MUFA在皮下脂肪的沉积程度较其他2 个部位高,但均无统计学差异;PUFA中C18:3 n-3含量最高,其在各脂肪组织间无显著差异。3 个不同部位肌肉中均检出15 种脂肪酸,其中SFA含量占总脂肪酸含量的38.32%～40.04%,MUFA含量占35.70%～40.19%,PUFA含量占15.25%～20.33%;SFA中背最长肌和臀肌C12:0含量显著高于肩肌（P＜0.05）,其余SFA在不同部位肌肉间无显著差异;MUFA中背最长肌C16:1含量显著高于肩肌和臀肌（P＜0.05）;肩肌n-6/n-3 PUFA比值显著高于背最长肌和臀肌（P＜0.05）;皮下脂肪的C18:3 n-3和总PUFA含量显著高于背最长肌（P＜0.05）。综上所述,蒙古斑点马不同部位脂肪和肌肉组织脂肪酸组成各具特点,但UFA含量均较高。     

油瓜种仁油与八种食用油理化及挥发性成分对比分析

以云南西双版纳油瓜种仁油为原料,对比分析核桃油、花生油、黑芝麻油、玉米胚芽油、大豆色拉油、大豆油、橄榄油、葵花籽油共九种油脂的理化成分、矿物质含量及脂肪酸组成。结果表明,油瓜种仁油过氧化值为5.90±0.81 mmoL/kg,水分及挥发物为0.31±0.07 %,杂质含量为0.25 %,酸值为11.21±0.13 mgKOH/g。矿物质含量除锰含量位列所检油脂第二0.262 mg/kg,铜含量位列第七0.284 mg/kg,磷、锌、铁、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾含量均最高。油瓜种仁油共检出9种脂肪酸,以亚油酸45.89%、棕榈酸29.85%、油酸14.14%为主。MUFA（单不饱和脂肪酸）∶PUFA（多不饱和脂肪酸）∶SFA（饱和脂肪酸）=1∶3.3∶2.7。n-3 PUFAs∶n-6 PUFAs=1∶63。建议与橄榄油复配,复配后MUFA﹕PUFA﹕SFA=1﹕1﹕0.8。或油瓜种仁油、橄榄油、核桃油三者复配,复配后MUFA﹕PUFA﹕SFA=1﹕1﹕0.7。调和n-3 与n-6 PUFAs比例,直接添加亚麻酸等n-3 PUFAs类油脂纯品改善脂肪酸比例。     

厦门白姑鱼腌制加工过程中的脂肪酸变化分析

探讨厦门白姑鱼（Argyrosomus amoyensis）腌制加工过程中的脂肪酸的变化,并结合脂肪氧化相关指标：过氧化值（peroxide value,POV）及硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARS）值,确定脂肪氧化对脂肪酸组成的影响。从腌制加工的7 个关键工序中取样,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析脂肪酸,同时考察POV及TBARS值。结果表明：厦门白姑鱼原料含26.41%的饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acids,SFA）、20.26%的单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acids,MUFA）和53.33%的多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA）,共24 种,必需脂肪酸占12.49%,二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoicacid,DHA）占40.70%。在腌制加工中,SFA含量显著增加,MUFA含量和PUFA含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。POV和TBARS值都呈现了先增后减的趋势,分别在烘干1 d和3 d出现峰值。相关性分析表明,SFA与MUFA呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）,与PUFA呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,MUFA和PUFA没有相关性;SFA与POV和TBARS值呈现显著正相关（P＜0.05）,而PUFA与POV和TBARS值分别呈显著（P＜0.05）和极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。因此,厦门白姑鱼脂肪酸种类多,含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,腌制加工过程对主要8 种脂肪酸有显著影响,脂肪的氧化使SFA含量增加,同时使PUFA含量降低,PUFA更容易发生氧化。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.