乳链菌肽产生菌的选育及其发酵性能研究

乳链菌肽是某些乳链球菌产生的一种多肽物质,对引起食品腐败的大多数革兰氏阳性菌有很好的抑制作用,是一种高效、无毒副作用的天然生物防腐剂。本文从鲜奶中筛选到一株乳链菌肽产生菌--乳链球菌P-99,并研究了该菌株的发酵适宜条件及其发酵过程动力学。结果表明,该菌株在M17培养基、30℃、起始pH6.5条件下发酵良好,通气量和某些金属离子对其细胞生长与产乳链菌肽无明显影响,但锰离子对乳链菌肽的产生有促进作用,而铜离子有较强的抑制作用;发酵动力学分析表明,该菌株产乳链菌肽表现出初级代谢动力学特征。     

微生物絮凝剂处理印染废水的技术研究

微生物絮凝剂是微生物产生的覆盖在菌体外的一种生物高分子聚合物，它的可分解性及对环境和人类无毒无害的性质是其他无机和有机絮凝剂所无法比拟的。本实验筛选出了针对处理印染废水的微生物絮凝剂产生菌，试验研究了培养时间、菌液加入量、废水pH值、碱金属及碱土金属的存在对絮凝效果的影响，得出在最佳工艺条件下，该微生物絮凝剂对印染废水CODcr去除率达57．1％。     

产细菌素乳酸菌的鉴定及其特性研究

从婴儿粪便中分离获得能够产生抑菌活性物质的乳酸菌,通过排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰试验,该菌发酵上清液仍有明显的抑菌活性;通过蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶试验,证明该菌株产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素.初步提纯该细菌素,其抑菌活性较适pH范围为2～4,120℃热处理30 min后仍有70%的抑菌活性.经Trcine-SDS-PAGE试验分析该细菌素分子质量为4kDa.抑菌谱测定结果表明,该细菌素不仅对革兰氏阳性菌(单增李斯特氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等)有抑制作用,而且还抑制革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、恶臭假单胞菌、福氏志贺氏菌等),具有广谱的抑菌作用.通过菌落形态、生理生化特性试验和16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该乳酸菌为植物乳杆菌,命名为Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ317.     

微生物絮凝剂及在污水处理中的应用研究进展

絮凝剂是一类可使在水体中不易沉淀的悬浮颗粒凝聚沉淀的物质。微生物絮凝剂是一种具有广泛应用前景的天然高分子絮凝剂,因其安全、高效、无二次污染等优点受到人们的广泛关注,已应用于污水处理、食品和发酵工业等。本文阐述了微生物絮凝剂的主要组成、特点、絮凝机理、影响产生微生物絮凝剂的因素及其在污水处理中的应用现状。     

生物絮凝剂的絮凝条件

研究了红平红球菌（Rhodococcus erythropolis）CCRC10909产生的生物絮凝剂REA-11的絮凝条件.REA-11在偏酸性范围内（pH3.0～6.5）,絮凝活性稳定,耐热性较强,热稳定范围可高达80℃.CaCl     

基于克雷伯氏菌生物絮凝剂及其印染废水的絮凝

为解决化学絮凝剂的二次污染等问题,本文从毛纺厂废水的生物处理池中筛选出一株具有产絮凝剂能力的菌株EW-1,经形态特征、生理生化分析与16S r RNA测序鉴定为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella)。对菌株所产的生物絮凝剂进行提纯和化学成分分析,得知生物絮凝剂的主要成分是多糖,主要基团包括羟基、酰胺基、羧基、羰基等。该生物絮凝剂用于印染废水絮凝的单因素试验表明,最佳投药量为6 m L(絮凝剂质量浓度500 mg/L),最佳pH值为8～9。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及在豆制品废水中的应用

从本地土壤中分离出5株细菌,以其发酵液对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果为指标,经过初筛与复筛,筛选到一株絮凝剂高产菌SX04,初步鉴定该菌属芽孢杆菌属,并用其所产生絮凝剂对豆制品废水进行絮凝试验,结果表明:用SX04所产絮凝剂处理豆制品废水,其OD去除率可达68.3%,固形物SS去除率可达65.1%.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及鉴定

从活性污泥中筛选得到了1株产絮凝剂的细菌菌株X-1,经细菌生理生化试验和16S rDNA基因序列分析初步鉴定为苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrum sp.).菌株X-1的主要代谢产物通过蛋白质、糖类物质的定性分析初步定性为多糖类化合物.该菌的发酵液对印染污泥和印染废水均具有较好的絮凝处理效果.     

冷藏兔肉中嗜冷菌的分离鉴定及其产生物胺的特性分析

从冷藏兔肉中分离出10 株嗜冷菌,用16S rDNA对菌株进行鉴定。B25为沙雷氏菌（Serratia）,其他9 株为假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）。采用薄层层析法检测10 株菌的产生生物胺能力,检测到B25可产生多种生物胺,其他9 株没产生生物胺。将B25菌接到加氨基酸前体的假单胞菌肉汤培养基中培养24 h,经高效液相色谱法分析该菌株产生生物胺的种类和含量。最终测得该菌株可产生腐胺、苯乙胺和尸胺,产生这3 种生物胺的能力均比较强,测得腐胺的含量为0.41 mg/mL,尸胺的含量为0.23 mg/mL,苯乙胺的含量为0.05 mg/mL。因此,该菌对冷藏兔肉产品的质量安全威胁较大。     

SH7对烟草青枯病的抑菌、防病作用及其抑菌物质的初步研究

研究了生防细菌菌株SH7及其除菌发酵液对烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)的抑菌和防病作用,并对其产生的抑菌物质进行了粗提。结果显示,该菌株对R.solanacearum有很强的抑菌作用,且其除菌体发酵液对烟草青枯病的防效较好。将SH7无菌发酵液、无菌发酵液与青枯病菌混合30 min施入土壤29 d后,两种处理与对照相比,防效分别达到65.99%和53.2%;SH7菌株产生的抑菌物质是SH7除菌发酵液防病的主要机制;SH7分泌的抑菌物质可以被硫酸铵沉淀,初步认为该抑菌物质是蛋白类物质。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.