顶空气相色谱测定白酒中氰化物方法研究

根据游离氢氰酸与溴水反应生成溴化氰原理,采用顶空进样技术将溴化氰气体注入GC-ECD进行检测,建立顶空气相色谱法测定白酒中氰化物的检测方法.结果表明,该方法在1～100 μg/L的线性范围内回归系数R2=0.9987,相对标准偏差RSD％为4.6％(n=7),回收率118.9％,检出限为0.17 μg/L(S/N=3),定量限为0.56 μg/L(S/N=10).该方法可准确测定白酒中痕量的氰化物,为白酒的质量安全监控提供了技术手段.     

顶空气相色谱法快速测定酒中氰化物含量

该文建立了顶空气相色谱法测定酒中氰化物含量的方法。酒样品用氯胺T将氰化物衍生为氯化氰,顶空进样,经WAX气相色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×0.50μm)分离,电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测,外标法定量。同时对检测过程中的衍生剂用量、衍生酸度、顶空平衡温度、顶空平衡时间、气相色谱条件进行优化,结果表明:氰离子在0.001 mg/L~0.1 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数可达到0.998,定量限(以信噪比(S/N)≥10)为0.05 mg/L。在0.1、0.2、8.0 mg/L 3个添加水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,其中加标回收率在84.1%~109.7%之间,相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为4.41%~6.54%,满足日常的检测要求。与传统的分光光度法相比,该方法操作简便、快速、稳定性好、灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强,在实际工作中有很好的应用价值。     

190612-3气相色谱顶空内标法快速测定料酒中乙醇含量

建立了用气相色谱顶空内标法测定料酒中乙醇含量的方法。试验采用FID检测器,顶空法进样,内标法检测过程快速、简便、准确。本方法乙醇检出限为0.01%vol(S/N=3),标准曲线的线性范围2%～20%vol(r=0.99994)。该方法测定料酒中的乙醇含量,样品加标浓度为2%vol、5%vol、10%vol,加标回收率为99.6%～100.1%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)1.07%,方法检测限为0.05%vol。     

白酒中氰化物能力验证方法比较

目的：建立了白酒中氰化物能力验证的可靠检测方法。方法：分别采用分光光度法、流动注射法和气相色谱法对白酒中氰化物进行测定。分光光度法选定的浓度0.01-0.2mg/L线性范围,流动注射法、气相色谱法选定浓度0.002-0.1mg/L区间内对白酒考核样中的氰化物进行测定和加标试验,并分析了3种方法对考核样测定的准确度和影响因素。结果：采用分光光度法、流动注射法和气相色谱法均能获得理想的检测结果, 其最低检出限分别为0.004mg/L、0.001mg/L和0.001mg/L,均能达到检测的要求,但操作的难易程度各不相同,且对样品前处理有严格要求。结论：采用分光光度法、流动注射法和气相色谱法测定白酒考核样中的氰化物,均能达到检测要求,但需要严格控制检测前处理步骤和方法     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定药香型白酒中萜烯类化合物

应用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术定量药香型白酒中的痕量萜烯类化合物。实验考察萃取头、样品酒精度、萃取温度和萃取时间对萜烯类化合物萃取效果的影响。最优顶空固相微萃取条件为将酒样稀释到酒精度10%,采用50/30μm碳分子筛/聚二乙烯苯/聚二甲基硅氧烷(DVB/CAR/PDMS)萃取头在60℃条件下萃取45min。该方法具有良好的线性,所有化合物的线性相关系数良好,R2≥0.9921,检测限为0.01～3.62μg/L,定量限为0.03～12.05μg/L,相对标准偏差小于15%,加标回收率为81.01%～118.94%。用该方法对药香型白酒的成品酒、原酒中的萜烯类化合物进行测定,共定量41种挥发萜烯类化合物,结果发现大曲香醅原酒中的萜烯总含量要多于小曲酒醅原酒中萜烯总含量,D-樟脑等17萜烯只在大曲香醅原酒中检测到,在小曲酒醅原酒中没有检测到,排除蒸馏时酸、热等带来的影响,推测这17种萜烯主要来源于大曲香醅,相反卡拉烯只在小曲酒醅原酒中检测到,推测其来源于小曲酒醅。顶空固相微萃取适合药香型白酒中的萜烯类化合物定量分析。     

顶空气相色谱法测定白酒中氰化物含量

目的建立顶空气相色谱法测定白酒中氰化物含量检测的方法,探究GB5009.36-2016第二法在白酒、白兰地、威士忌、朗姆酒等酒样中应用的区别。方法将酒样进碱解前处理后,以顶空进样器注入气相色谱仪进行分离,电子捕获检测器进行检测。以加标回收率为指标,对方法及前处理进行评价。结果国标第一法与第二法结果有较大的差别,碱解前处理的气相色谱法与国标第一法结果相近。用GB 5009.36-2016第二法测定白酒、白兰地、威士忌、朗姆酒等中的氰化物含量时,均无法得到较好的加标回收率;用GB5009.36-2016第二法检测伏特加、以食用酒精为酒基的露酒中的氰化物含量时可以得到较好的回收率。顶空气相色谱法测定白酒中氰化物含量时,线性相关系数r为0.9999,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为8.0%,回收率为78.0%～1112.5%。结论顶空气相色谱法测定白酒中氰化物含量时能够得到与国标第一法相近的结果,该方法操简单、灵敏度高,结果准确度高,适合白酒中氰化物含量的测定。     

白酒中微量氰化物检测方法的比对与探讨

研究和分析了分光光度法、离子色谱法、自动顶空-气相色谱法3种测定白酒中微量氰化物的方法,比较了3种方法的线性相关性、方法稳定性和加标回收率。结果表明,所建立的自动顶空-气相色谱法方法较稳定,线性相关性较好,操作简单,结果精准,适用于白酒企业对大量样品中微量氰化物的日常检测。     

气相色谱法测定白酒中醇类及酯类

本实验建立了用气相色谱内标法对白酒中醇类和酯类含量进行测定的方法,试验采用FID检测器,内标法,自动进样,在建立的气相色谱条件下进行了方法验证,结果表明：醇类和酯类检出限为3-9mg/L(进样量为0.5uL,S/N=3),在标准曲线的线性范围内r都大于0.999,样品加标回收率为：88.25%~98.75%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)0.63%~2.95%。该方法回收率高、重现性好,是一种准确稳定操作快速简单的检测方法。     

气相色谱法测定食盐中的碘含量

目的建立气相色谱法测定食盐中碘含量的分析方法。方法在酸性条件下,食盐中的碘在过氧化氢的氧化作用下,与丁酮生成衍生物碘丁酮,气相色谱的分离,电子捕获检测器(election capture detector,ECD)检测。探究衍生剂的用量、衍生时间,并对未加碘食盐和强化碘食盐进行检测及方法间比对。结果在10～120μg/L线性范围内回归系数r=0.9998,检出限为0.002 mg/kg(S/N≥3),定量限为0.006 mg/kg(S/N≥10),相对标准偏差RSD范围为1.5%～3.2%(n=6),加标回收率在91.3%～112.8%之间。与氧化还原滴定法进行方法间比对,单一样本t检验分析无显著性差异。结论该方法操作简单快捷,结果灵敏度高、准确度和精密度好,适用于食盐中碘含量的测定。     

白酒中两种常见塑化剂快速定量方法的研究

根据2011年6月卫生部签发的551号文件《卫生部办公厅官员通报食品及食品添加剂中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质最大残留量的函》[1]规定,建立了气相色谱-质谱同时测定白酒中相关塑化剂含量的检测方法。特别对影响白酒样品中塑化剂提取的各种因素和多种前处理方法进行比较,并进行优化处理,最终使本方法能够快速准确测定白酒中的塑化剂含量,具有准确度高、操作简便、成本低等优点。试验结果显示,在S/N=10条件下,DBP、DEHP的定量下限分别为0.04mg/L、0.03mg/L,平均加标回收率为94.4%~108.3%,精密度试验R SD均小于6%,满足常规定量分析要求。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.