全碳标记稳定同位素内标-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定粮食中16种真菌毒素

考察高效液相色谱-串联质谱-全碳标记的稳定同位素内标法精确测定小麦和玉米中16种真菌毒素方法的适用性。样品经提取稀释、加入内标,高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。结果表明,16种真菌毒素线性相关系数大于0.997,3个水平的添加回收率为83%~114.3%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~13%,定量限为0.5~200μg/kg,通过检测FAPAS04223质控样品和小麦、玉米样品验证了方法的准确性和适用性,能够快速、批量、准确的测定小麦和玉米中16种真菌毒素,为我国粮食真菌毒素污染监测提供便利。     

液相色谱-串联质谱测定小麦粉中 11种真菌毒素

建立小麦粉中11种真菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品用乙腈-水溶液提取,经多功能净化柱Pribo Fast 100进行净化,采用XTerra MS C18色谱柱进行分离,以20 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和乙腈梯度洗脱,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱进行分析。11种真菌毒素在测定浓度范围内线性关系良好,各组分相关系数R20.998,加标回收率范围72.4%~90.7%,方法精密度范围6.2%~11.8%,测定各组分真菌毒素定量限范围1.2μg/kg~2.0μg/kg。该方法前处理过程简洁、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于小麦粉中11种真菌毒素的测定。     

超高效液相色谱串联-质谱法同时测定香辛料中7种真菌毒素

建立了同时测定香辛料中7种真菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法(UPLC-MS/MS)。选用香辛料中的辣椒、花椒和八角为研究对象,粉碎后的样品用70%甲醇水溶液提取,6合1免疫亲和柱净化,ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱分离,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)多反应离子监测方式监测,外标法定量。结果表明,7种真菌毒素在各自的线性响应范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.995,7种真菌毒素的定量限为0.5~20 μg/kg。低、中、高3个加标水平平均回收率(n=6)为67.25%~113.47%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%~10.20%。该方法具有前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高和高通量检测的优点,适用于香辛料中多组分真菌毒素残留的分离和检测。     

药食同源中药材中16种真菌毒素的测定与分析

目的:建立同位素标记-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定药食同源中药材中16种真菌毒素的分析方法,并利用该方法对市售的483份药食同源样品进行检测分析。方法:样品用乙腈-水（50/50,V/V）提取,MycoSpinTM 400多毒素净化柱净化,经Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,质谱采用电喷雾电离源（ESI）,多反应监测模式（MRM）进行检测分析,同位素内标法进行定量。结果:16种真菌毒素标准曲线线性关系良好（R>0.998）,方法的检出限在0.1~4.0 μg/kg之间,高、中、低3个不同浓度加标回收率为83.4%~102.3%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为2.08%~13.6%。483份样品中,共检出10种真菌毒素,其余6种真菌毒素均未检出,检出率最高的毒素化合物为玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）,阳性样品中平均含量为71.2 μg/kg,并且有3.11%样品超过国家食品安全标准规定的参考限量。结论:该方法采用同位素稀释,多毒素净化柱对样品进行净化,降低了药食同源样品中基质干扰,方法准确、快速,满足测定方法的要求,可用于大批量样品中真菌毒素的多残留检测分析。     

超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定禽蛋中苏丹红

建立了一种快速测定禽蛋中苏丹红含量的超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用(UPLE-MS/MS)分析方法.样品经乙腈提取后,加水反沉淀除去蛋白质和脂肪等杂质,冷冻后取上层清液,经C18>超高效液相色谱柱分离,串联四极杆质谱多反应监测模式检测.苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ方法检出限为5 μg/kg,相关系数是0.9999,在100～300μg/kg范围内,回收率在70.1%～107%之间.     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中的15种真菌毒素和6种农药残留

目的 建立了同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS) 同时测定婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中15种真菌毒素和6种农药残留的方法。方法 样品经乙腈-水-甲酸(84:15:184∶15∶1, V:/V:V )提取并低温高速离心后, 直接用水稀释提取液, 加入同位素内标消除基质效应影响, 以BEH C18为分离柱, 利用UPLC-MS/MS测定, 在多反应监测模式下内标法定量。结果 在最佳实验条件下, 目标物在各自线性范围内线性良好, 相关系数(r)均大于0.999; 检出限为0.03~7 μg/kg0.03 μg/Kg~7 μg/Kg , 定量限为0.1~20 μg/kg 0.1 μg/Kg~20 μg/Kg; 加标回收率在75%~108%之间, 相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~11%。结论 该方法前处理简单快速、灵敏度高、准确性好，有效解决基质效应问题，适用于大批量婴幼儿谷类辅助食品中15种真菌毒素和6种农药残留的同时测定。     

高效液相色谱法检测粮谷及其制品中六种A, B型单端孢霉烯族真菌毒素

目的 建立粮谷及其制品中六种A,B型单端孢霉烯族真菌毒素的高效液相色谱?串联质谱分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈?水溶液(84︰16, V/V)提取, MycoSep?226或MycoSep?227多功能柱净化, Waters Atlantis dC18色谱柱分离, 串联四极杆质谱多反应离子监测模式检测。结果 6种真菌毒素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数均不低于0.996, 定量下限为0.1~20 μg/kg, 低、中、高3个加标水平下平均回收率为60.1%~123%, 相对标准偏差为7.5%~19.8% 。结论 该方法具有前处理简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高的优点, 适用于复杂基质样品中A,B型单端孢霉烯族真菌毒素残留的确证和定量检测。     

EMR固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定虾肉中性激素残留的方法建立

本研究建立EMR固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定虾肉中15种性激素残留的分析方法。样品采用0.1 mol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液-乙腈溶液提取,经Captiva EMR固相萃取SPE小柱净化,CAPCELLPAK C₁₈ BB-H（3 μm,2.1 mm×150 mm）色谱柱分离,电喷雾离子源正负离子分开扫描;多反应监测模式的超高效液相色谱-串联质联质谱法进行检测,以空白基质匹配外标法定量。正离子流动相为甲醇和0.1%甲酸,检测雄激素与孕激素;负离子流动相为乙腈和0.01%氨水溶液,检测雌激素。结果表明,经EMR固相萃取净化的虾肉样品中的15种性激素残留在1～50 μg/kg浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.99,方法检出限为0.0015～0.436 μg/kg,定量限为0.0051～1.453 μg/kg,平均回收率在85.31%~119.84%,相对标准偏差为2.11%~9.86%（n=6）。本方法操作快速简单,重复性好,灵敏度较高,适用于虾肉中15种性激素残留的检测。     

自制花椒调味油中11种真菌毒素的研究分析

目的:确认自制花椒调味油在食用及储存过程中是否产生11种常见的真菌毒素,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析检测花椒油中的真菌毒素。方法:花椒油样品采用70%的甲醇水超声提取,经多功能净化柱净化,Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3C18色谱柱分离,以0.2%氨水溶液和乙腈梯度洗脱,利用串联三重四极杆质谱多反应模式、负离子监测方式检测,并采用内标法及外标法综合定量。结果:11种真菌毒素有较好的线性范围,进行3种不同浓度水平的加标回收实验,其回收率为68.5%~102.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.81%~6.87%,检出限为0.02~0.10μg/kg,定量限为0.15~2.00μg/kg,并进行了真菌毒素质控样的测定,测定值在参考值允许范围内。结论:花椒油样品中均未检出11种真菌毒素,在食用过程中是安全的,该方法具有灵敏度高、重复性好、准确度高、检测速度快的优点且样品前处理操作便捷,适用于花椒油中11种真菌毒素的检测。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定全蛋粉中的双酚A和双酚S

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定全蛋粉中双酚A和双酚S的检测方法。全蛋粉经水复溶后经乙腈提取,提取液使用分散系固相萃取-基质增强脂质去除产品进行除脂,使用Oasis PRiME HLB小柱进一步净化,使用超高效液相串联质谱测定,负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,内标法定量。结果显示:双酚A在1~50 μg/kg范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9991,加标回收率为98.8%~105.0%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为3.84%~8.58%和5.65%~8.74%,检出限为0.3 μg/kg,定量限为1.0 μg/kg;双酚S在0.4~20 μg/kg范围内呈线性,相关系数为0.9995,加标回收率为98.5%~102.5%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为3.01%~7.86%和3.18%~7.03%,检出限为0.1 μg/kg,定量限为0.3 μg/kg。实际样品测定结果分别为:双酚A 2.4~3.8 μg/kg;双酚S 0.48~0.82 μg/kg。本方法前处理简单、高灵敏度适用于全蛋粉中双酚A和双酚S的日常测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.