HPLC测定海南产胡椒中胡椒碱的含量

测定海南不同地区产的胡椒果实及胡椒根和胡椒叶中胡椒碱的含量。运用索氏提取法对胡椒中胡椒碱进行提取,并采用HPLC对胡椒碱的含量进行测定。海南万宁产胡椒果实中胡椒碱的含量为3.17%,胡椒根中胡椒碱含量为0.43%,叶中胡椒碱含量为0.01%,万宁产的胡椒果实中胡椒碱的含量比其它地区的含量高。不同的生长环境对胡椒果实中胡椒碱的含量有一定的影响。胡椒果实中胡椒碱含量高于根部和叶子中胡椒碱含量。     

响应面试验优化胡椒鲜果油炸工艺

为优化胡椒鲜果油炸的工艺,选取油炸温度、油炸时间、料油比为影响因素,以油炸胡椒鲜果中胡椒碱和胡椒精油含量为指标进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验设计构建多项式回归方程的模型,通过响应面分析得到胡椒鲜果最优油炸工艺为：油炸温度92 ℃、油炸时间3 min、料油比1∶1。此条件下胡椒鲜果油炸品质最优,胡椒碱含量预测值为4.28 g/100 g,胡椒精油含量预测值为1.73 mL/100 g,而胡椒碱含量真实值为4.23 g/100 g,胡椒精油含量真实值为1.71 mL/100 g,与预测结果相对偏差仅为1.27%和1.24%。     

胡椒碱的研究进展

胡椒碱是胡椒中主要的活性化学物质,文章主要对分离测定胡椒碱的方法、化学成分及其药理功效进行了综述.     

超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)快速测定胡椒中胡椒碱含量

建立了胡椒中胡椒碱含量测定的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)测定法。样品经95%乙醇回流提取,以甲醇/水(70/30,V/V)为流动相,流速0.25mL/min,343nm波长进行检测。结果表明:胡椒碱保留时间为2.585min,测定线性范围为0.05～10.0μg/mL,r=0.9998,当添加量为0.4～4.0g/100g时,回收率为90.5%～95.8%,相对标准偏差为0.56%～1.81%,检测限为0.008g/100g。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好,省时,适合于胡椒碱含量的测定。     

烹调中调味料的用法诀窍（一）

烹调中红糟的用法红糟是以酒糟加红曲酿制而成的,色泽暗红,香味浓郁,为福建特产,因此福建菜中以红糟为主要调料做成的菜比较多。红糟调味主要用于滑炒菜、炝菜、腌菜等,它能使成品色泽红亮,酒香扑鼻,风味独特。烹调中胡椒的用法胡椒属于辛草类调料。它的辣味主要来自于胡椒碱、胡椒脂碱。胡椒有黑、白之分,黑胡椒系采集未成熟果实干制,表皮皱缩而黑;白胡椒是成熟后脱皮的果实。     

高速逆流色谱分离制备胡椒中的胡椒碱

采用高速逆流色谱(high-speed countercurrent chromatography,HSCCC)法从胡椒中分离制备胡椒碱。HSCCC的溶剂系统条件为正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(1:1:1:1,V/V)。从5g粗提物中可一次分离得到纯度为98.72%的胡椒碱单体1.58g,分离得到的胡椒碱结构经电喷雾质谱以及核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和碳谱(13C NMR)进行鉴定。该法制备量大、分离效率高,对胡椒碱在食品医药领域的应用具有重要意义。     

镁碱沸石的改性及催化油酸异构化制备异硬脂酸

以钠型镁碱沸石为催化剂,经改性和表面修饰后催化油酸进行异构化反应,再通过加氢反应制备异硬脂酸。采用单因素实验考察了不同改性条件(改性方法、改性剂、煅烧温度和煅烧时间)对催化剂活性的影响,在此基础上探究了3种不同表面修饰剂对改性催化剂的修饰催化效果。结果表明,最佳的改性条件为：采用铵改性,以氯化铵为改性剂,煅烧温度500 ℃,煅烧时间3 h。在最佳改性条件下,异硬脂酸产率达到74.81%。在最佳改性条件下制备的氢型镁碱沸石,用10%（基于催化剂质量）三苯基膦进行表面修饰后,用于催化油酸异构化制备异硬脂酸,异硬脂酸产率超过81%。     

青胡椒真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

将真空冷冻干燥技术应用于青胡椒加工中,以最大限度保存青胡椒鲜果中挥发油和胡椒碱的活性;同时分析比较真空冷冻干燥、微波真空干燥和热风干燥3种干燥方法加工青胡椒的能耗,为青胡椒的干燥工艺及配套设备提供参考。在单因素的基础上,利用真空冷冻干燥设备,采用水分在线测量装置监测整个干燥过程,分析物料装载量、加热板温度等因素对青胡椒含水率的影响,并应用三因素五水平的三元二次通用旋转回归试验设计优化工艺参数,确定青胡椒冷冻干燥工艺参数:加热温度45℃,物料装载量20kg,干燥时间32h。3种干燥方法中,真空冷冻干燥加工的青胡椒外观色泽最佳,微波真空干燥加工青胡椒所需能耗相对最低。     

H103大孔树脂吸附胡椒碱的性能研究

为寻找一条成本低、效率高的胡椒碱分离方法,利用不同胡椒碱初始浓度、不同pH、不同乙醇浓度等处理,以分光光度法测定胡椒碱,探讨了H103大孔树脂静态和动态吸附及其解析行为。结果表明：树脂静态吸附量达42.5mg/g,解析率可达89.12%;而动态吸附量可达68.55mg/g,解析率达83.65%。该实验结果对于胡椒碱的工业化生产有指导意义。     

胡椒中胡椒碱的提取工艺研究

研究影响胡椒提取的各种因素,利用spss13.0统计分析软件进行正交设计和数据分析,确定最佳提取工艺。考察甲醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间,提取温度4个因素的影响,确定各因素对胡椒碱含量的影响次序是：甲醇浓度〉提取时间〉提取次数〉提取温度。得到最佳提取工艺为：甲醇浓度75%、提取次数3次、提取时间2h、提取温度80℃,经过进一步精制胡椒碱纯度由HPLC检测达95%以上。     

Microencapsulation of black pepper oleoresin

Despite of solvent extracted spice oleoresin having many advantages over ground spices, its sensitivity to light, heat and oxygen is a disadvantage. One approach to overcome this is microencapsulation. The present work reports on microencapsulation of black pepper oleoresin by spray-drying, using gum arabic and modified starch as wall materials. The microcapsules were evaluated for the content and stability of volatiles, non-volatiles, total piperine and entrapped piperine for six weeks. Gum arabic offered greater protection to the pepper oleoresin than modified starch, as seen from the t_1/2, time required for a constituent to be reduced to 50% of its initial value.     

胡椒碱不同提取方法的比较研究

研究不同提取方法对白胡椒中胡椒碱含量测定的影响。利用紫外分光光度法测定胡椒碱含量,在单因素试验基础上进行优化,得到各种方法的最佳工艺参数,超声法、酶法、超声辅助酶法的提取率可分别达到5.798%、5.286%、6.439%,说明超声辅助酶法对胡椒碱提取效果最优。     

亚糊化热处理对玉米淀粉-胡椒碱复合物功能特性的影响

为探究在亚糊化温度下胡椒碱负载于玉米淀粉对其结构和理化特性的影响,本研究选用玉米淀粉在60℃下制备亚糊化玉米淀粉-胡椒碱复合物,并通过扫描电镜、快速糊化粘度测定仪、差示扫描量热、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射等进行了表征。结果表明,胡椒碱成功负载到亚糊化玉米淀粉上,负载率为39.45%;扫描电镜结果显示淀粉颗粒膨胀的裂隙内部成功负载胡椒碱,粒径从天然玉米淀粉的15.20μm增大到亚糊化玉米淀粉的25.80μm,再到亚糊化玉米淀粉-胡椒碱复合物的81.90μm;胡椒碱的加入降低了亚糊化玉米淀粉的峰值粘度和谷值粘度;复合物红外光谱未产生新的基团或化学键,但胡椒碱的加入增强了玉米淀粉与胡椒碱的分子内和分子间氢键作用;X-射线衍射表明相对结晶度从天然玉米淀粉的23.52%升高到亚糊化玉米淀粉-胡椒碱复合物的28.15%,但是亚糊化处理未改变玉米淀粉的晶型结构;与天然玉米淀粉相比,亚糊化玉米淀粉和亚糊化玉米淀粉-胡椒碱复合物的凝胶焓值显著（P<0.05）降低。亚糊化玉米淀粉负载胡椒碱,胡椒碱的加入对亚糊化玉米淀粉的结构影响较小,但对其理化性质产生了显著的影响,并为淀粉与胡椒碱之间的相互作用...     

Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most widely used among spices. It is valued for its distinct biting quality attributed to the alkaloid, piperine. Black pepper is used not only in human dietaries but also for a variety of other purposes such as medicinal, as a preservative, and in perfumery. Many physiological effects of black pepper, its extracts, or its major active principle, piperine, have been reported in recent decades. Dietary piperine, by favorably stimulating the digestive enzymes of pancreas, enhances the digestive capacity and significantly reduces the gastrointestinal food transit time. Piperine has been demonstrated in in vitro studies to protect against oxidative damage by inhibiting or quenching free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Black pepper or piperine treatment has also been evidenced to lower lipid peroxidation in vivo and beneficially influence cellular thiol status, antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes in a number of experimental situations of oxidative stress. The most far-reaching attribute of piperine has been its inhibitory influence on enzymatic drug biotransforming reactions in the liver. It strongly inhibits hepatic and intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase. Piperine has been documented to enhance the bioavailability of a number of therapeutic drugs as well as phytochemicals by this very property. Piperine's bioavailability enhancing property is also partly attributed to increased absorption as a result of its effect on the ultrastructure of intestinal brush border. Although initially there were a few controversial reports regarding its safety as a food additive, such evidence has been questionable, and later studies have established the safety of black pepper or its active principle, piperine, in several animal studies. Piperine, while it is non-genotoxic, has in fact been found to possess anti-mutagenic and anti-tumor influences.     

Inhibitory effects of curcumin and piperine on fluorescent advanced glycation end products formation in a bovine serum albumin–fructose model

This study investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin and piperine on fluorescent advanced glycation end products (fAGEs) formation in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)–fructose model. Model systems of BSA and fructose were prepared, and curcumin or piperine was added. fAGEs and BSA oxidation product (dityrosine, kynurenine and N'-formylkynurenine) contents were determined. The results showed that fAGEs content decreased with increasing concentration of curcumin and piperine (P < 0.05). Addition of curcumin and piperine at 160 µg mL⁻¹ could inhibit fluorescent AGEs by 100% and 93% respectively. Dityrosine and N'-formylkynurenine contents decreased as curcumin and piperine concentration increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the result of principal component analysis indicated that curcumin and piperine markedly impeded BSA oxidation, resulting in a lower level of fAGEs in model systems. Therefore, adding curcumin and piperine may facilitate reduced fAGEs levels in BSA–fructose model.     

HPLC Analysis of Capsaicins and Simultaneous Determination of Capsaicins and Piperine by HPLC-ECD and UV

A highly sensitive liquid chromatographic procedure with electrochemical detection (ECD) was developed to separate and quantitate major capsaicins, the pungent principles of red and green pepper. Although complete chromatographic separation of capsaicins from piperines was not achieved, electrochemical (EC) monitoring at 0.4V applied potential detected only the electroactive capsaicins. Ultraviolet (UV) monitoring at 340 nm detected only the strongly absorbing piperine. Thus, simultaneous determination of capsaicins and piperine were achieved by the applications of both EC and UV detections.     

不同光照条件对啤酒花中黄腐酚异构化影响

目的研究不同光照条件,如光照强度、光照时间、处理光的波长等因素对啤酒花中黄腐酚(xanthohumol,Xn)光异构化的影响。方法啤酒花样品在不同光照强度、光照时间、波长和不同颜色玻璃瓶储藏条件下处理后,于OD_(370)处测量Xn含量。结果相同功率光源的紫外光引起Xn异构化较白光显著(P0.05),白光照射Xn样品随着光照时间和光照强度的增大,Xn光异构化程度提高;相同功率光源及光照时间条件下,红光[(625±5)nm]、黄光[(590±5) nm]、绿光[(555±5)nm]、蓝光[(450±5)nm]处理引起的Xn异构化速度差异极显著(P0.01),其中蓝光最强,其次是绿光、红光、黄光;白光光源光照条件下,深棕色玻璃瓶储存对Xn的稳定性显著优于绿色、蓝色、无色玻璃瓶等(P0.05),并且深棕色玻璃瓶长期储存Xn显著优于绿色玻璃瓶(P0.05)。结论光照时间、波长及储存条件对Xn光异构化有显著的影响,且避光储存利于Xn稳定,这为含有Xn的饮品、食品、保健品等的光照或包装条件的选择提供了依据。     

Effect of black pepper and piperine on bile secretion and composition in rats

The influence of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and its active principle, piperine on the secretion and composition of bile was investigated in the rat. They were administered by gavage (black pepper at 250 or 500 mg and piperine at 12.5 or 25 mg/kg body wt.) or fed in the diet for 4 weeks (black pepper at 0.2 and 0.4%, piperine at 0.01 and 0.02%). The lower dose by gavage of black pepper caused an increase in bile solids while with other treatments bile secretion or dry matter in bile was not changed. Dietary feeding of black pepper caused an increase in bile flow with a concomitant decrease in bile solids -- a hydrocholagoguic effect. Cholesterol and bile acid output were not affected by black pepper or piperine at either level irrespective of the mode of administration; in contrast, the secretion of uronic acids in bile was enhanced by both levels of pepper as also of piperine indicating possible excretion of some of the components of black pepper or of piperine as glucuronides.     

Piperine—The Bioactive Compound of Black Pepper: From Isolation to Medicinal Formulations

Piperine is the major bio‐active component of pepper, which imparts pungency and biting taste to it. This naturally occurring alkaloid has numerous demonstrated health effects and beneficial therapeutic properties; nevertheless, its biological applications are limited due to its poor solubility in aqueous environments. This emphasizes an implementation of advanced extraction approaches which could enhance the extraction yield of piperine from pepper and also the development of new formulations containing piperine to improve its in vivo bioavailability. This paper presents a review on the therapeutic and medicinal effects of piperine, its isolation from pepper fruit and the development of new formulations for its medicinal (pharmaceutical) applications. A thorough review on conventional and advanced separation techniques for the extraction of piperine from pepper is presented and an outline of the most significant conditions to improve the extraction yield is provided and discussed. Different methods used to measure and quantify the isolated piperine are also reviewed. An overview of biotechnological advancements for nanoparticle formulations of piperine or its incorporation in lipid formulations, which could enhance its bioavailability, is also presented.