茶多酚在食品加工中的应用

应用研究表明：油溶茶多酚可有效抑制食用油脂的氧化且具有耐热性，可用在油炸土豆片等油炸、焙烤食品中；粉末茶多酚可有效抑制猪肉糜中的脂肪氧化，可用于肉制品。     

植物多酚提取和应用

植物多酚是一类重要的生理活性物质。本文阐述植物多酚的提取方法、原理及其应用,旨在开发和利用植物多酚。     

茶多酚含量测定方法的研究

简述了茶多酚的应用情况，并研究了间接测定食品保鲜中茶多酚的原子吸收法。本测定方法是基于茶多酚能与碱式乙酸铅发生络合反应，产生难溶于水的黄色沉淀，经离心后，用原子吸收法测定上清液中过量的铅离子，由此可间接测定茶多酚含量。此方法准确，快速、可方便地应用于食品保鲜剂－茶多酚的测定。     

植物多酚及其提取方法的研究进展

多酚类物质是一类含有多个酚羟基并具有多种生物学活性的次生代谢产物,广泛分布于植物中。由于其具有抗氧化、降血压、抗肿瘤等多种健康效应,从植物中提取多酚受到广泛关注和研究。因此,本文重点对植物多酚的分类、提取方法及各方法的优缺点进行综述,旨在为后续植物多酚的研究积累资料,同时为植物的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

Natural polyphenols: An overview

Plant-derived functional foods are gaining considerable attention due to their safety and therapeutic potentials. Research on plant-based functional foods presents several challenges ranges from hypercholesterolemia to cancer prevention. In last decade, special attention has been paid to edible plants and especially their phytochemicals. Today, there is an increasing interest in their bioactivities provided by these phytochemicals. Polyphenols are the most numerous and widely distributed group of bioactive molecules. Polyphenols have two general classes, one is flavonoids and other is phenolic acids. Among these, flavonoids are further divided into flavones, flavononse, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, and phenolic acids are generally classified into hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Fruit peel is one of the dense sources for flavonoids and their content may vary from species to species and due to exposure of light. Polyphenols have wide range of molecules and different set of biological activities that are mainly attributed to their structure. Investigations have revealed that polyphenols play a key role to prevent various diseases, like hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and cancer insurgence. The current review article summarizes the literature pertaining to polyphenols and its allied health benefits.     

植物多酚类物质研究进展

多酚是高等植物的次级代谢产物,其结构复杂,具有多种功效,如抗氧化作用、抗病毒和抗炎症作用、抑菌作用等。近年来关于天然来源的植物多酚的开发及其在食品中的应用已成为研究热点,主要研究集中在多酚的制备、分离纯化、结构鉴定及生物活性方面。本文在对植物多酚文献分析的基础上,阐述了多酚类物质在提取制备及分离纯化方面的研究现状,重点对多酚类物质含量测定、单酚鉴定及抑菌作用进行了综述,并对植物多酚类物质在今后的研究重点进行了展望,以期为植物多酚类物质在食品工业中的开发利用提供参考和思路。     

Identification of Extraction Conditions for Determination of Phenolic Contents of Garden Cress Seed (Lepidium sativum L.) and Its Milled Fractions

Food Analytical Methods - Garden cress seed (Lepidium sativum L.) is an important medicinal source used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Polyphenols are well known for...     

蛋白质与多酚相互作用研究进展

多酚化合物是植物中重要的对人体健康有益的功能活性成分。蛋白质则是以氨基酸为基本组成单位的构成细胞有机体的主要成分之一,也是重要的营养物质。多酚可以与蛋白质作用形成复合物,从而对蛋白质和多酚的结构、理化性质和营养价值造成一定影响。二者相互作用的种类可以分为非共价作用和共价作用,前者作用力主要包括疏水相互作用和氢键,后者主要为共价键。影响其相互作用的因素主要包括温度、pH、多酚和蛋白本身的种类和结构等。本文主要讨论了蛋白质与多酚化合物相互作用的机理、分析方法、影响因素和相互作用对其性质的影响。     

Recent Advances in Research on Polyphenols: Effects on Microbiota,Metabolism, and Health

Polyphenols have attracted huge interest among researchers of various disciplines because of their numerous biological activities, such as antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, cancer chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial properties, and their promising applications in many fields, mainly in the medical, cosmetics, dietary supplement and food industries. In this review, the latest scientific findings in the research on polyphenols interaction with the microbiome and mitochondria, their metabolism and health beneficial effects, their involvement in cognitive diseases and obesity development, as well as some innovations in their analysis, extraction methods, development of cosmetic formulations and functional food are summarized based on the papers presented at the 13th World Congress on Polyphenol Applications. Future implications of polyphenols in disease prevention and their strategic use as prophylactic measures are specifically addressed. Polyphenols may play a key role in our tomorrow´s food and nutrition to prevent many diseases.     

Epigenetic effects of natural polyphenols: A focus on SIRT1‐mediated mechanisms

Polyphenols are a class of natural compounds widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, and plants. They have been reported to possess a wide range of activities in prevention and alleviation of various diseases like cancer, neuroinflammation, diabetes, and aging. Polyphenols are effective against chronic diseases and recent reports indicated strong epigenetic effects of polyphenols. Most of the studies investigating epigenetic effects of natural polyphenols have focused on their beneficial effects in cancer treatment. However, epigenetic defects have been demonstrated in many other diseases as well, and application of polyphenols to modulate the epigenome is becoming an interesting field of research. This review summarizes the effects of natural polyphenols in modulating epigenetic‐related enzymes as well as their effect in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases with a focus on SIRT1 modulation. We have also discussed the relation between the structure and function of epigenetic‐modifying polyphenols.     

超声波提取杏鲍菇多酚工艺的响应面法分析

在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化超声提取杏鲍菇多酚的工艺条件,根据中心组合设计原理采用三因素三水平响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定最优提取工艺条件为:液料比49.98 mL/g,超声功率458.01W,提取时间50.41 min,杏鲍菇多酚的提取得率达1.11718％.     

Updated knowledge about polyphenols: functions, bioavailability, metabolism, and health

Polyphenols are important constituents of food products of plant origin. Fruits, vegetables, and beverages are the main sources of phenolic compounds in the human diet. These compounds are directly related to sensory characteristics of foods such as flavor, astringency and color. Polyphenols are extensively metabolized both in tissues and by the colonic microbiota. Normally, the circulating polyphenols are glucuronidated and/or sulphated and no free aglycones are found in plasma. The presence of phenolic compounds in the diet is beneficial to health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilating properties. The health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and their bioavailability. Moreover, polyphenols are able to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Some dietary polyphenols may have significant effects on the colonic flora providing a type of prebiotic effect. The anti-nutrient properties of polyphenols are also discussed in this paper. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, and prebiotic properties of polyphenols make them potential functional foods.     

涂膜保鲜剂中添加茶多酚对黄花梨贮藏品质的影响

探讨壳聚糖与天然抑菌抗氧化物质茶多酚对黄花梨进行涂膜保鲜的可行性。用茶多酚和壳聚糖混合液处理黄花梨,结合PE保鲜袋包装贮藏,测定贮藏过程中果实呼吸强度、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性、VC含量、果实硬度及腐烂率等各项指标的变化。结果表明,壳聚糖联合茶多酚对黄花梨的保鲜效果优于单一保鲜剂,涂膜剂中添加茶多酚可明显抑制多酚氧化酶活性、延缓果实呼吸高峰出现的时间、降低黄花梨的烂果率,VC的保存率高于对照组。涂膜保鲜剂中添加茶多酚量为0.3%时保鲜效果最佳。壳聚糖中添加茶多酚能够明显延长黄花梨的保鲜期。     

生活饮用水对石榴皮多酚提取纯化工艺的影响

目的 考察水质对石榴皮多酚提取纯化工艺的影响。方法 分别用生活饮用水和纯化水对石榴皮粉末进行提取分离纯化,对其流分中的石榴皮多酚类物质进行高效液相法(HPLC)测定。结果 生活饮用水对石榴皮粉末提取纯化得到安石榴苷含量为2.65%;纯化水对石榴皮粉末提取纯化得到安石榴苷含量为78.79%。 结论 生活饮用水对石榴皮多酚提取纯化的影响极大,会加速石榴皮多酚类物质的氧化。     

Cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy: dietary polyphenols and signalling pathways

Prevention of cancer through dietary intervention recently has received an increasing interest, and dietary polyphenols have become not only important potential chemopreventive, but also therapeutic, natural agents. Polyphenols have been reported to interfere at the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer. They might lead to the modulation of proteins in diverse pathways and require the integration of different signals for the final chemopreventive or therapeutic effect. Polyphenols have been demonstrated to act on multiple key elements in signal transduction pathways related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and metastasis; however, these molecular mechanisms of action are not completely characterized and many features remain to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the molecular basis of potential chemopreventive and therapeutic activities of dietary polyphenols with emphasis in their ability to control intracellular signalling cascades considered as relevant targets in a cancer preventive approach.     

Chemical, biochemical, and biological significance of polyphenols in cereals and legumes

Polyphenols in cereals and legumes have been receiving considerable attention largely because of their adverse influence on color, flavor, and nutritional quality. These compounds belong to the flavonoid and tannin groups and are mostly located in the seed coat or pericarp of the grains. The pearl millet flavonoids have been identified as C-glycosylflavones by the combined use of paper chromatography and UV spectroscopy. Although nontoxic, physiological and nutritional significance of these compounds occurring in high amounts in the pearl millet grain are still not clearly understood. In view of aesthetic quality, bleaching of the millet grains in acidic solution is recommended. A large proportion of current assays involves spectrophotometry of tannin or its chromogen and tannin-protein interaction. Sorghum and legume tannins have been characterized as condensed tannins. Several factors such as plant type, age of the plant or plant parts, stage of development, and environmental conditions govern the polyphenol contents in plants. Polyphenols are known to interact with proteins and form tannin-protein complexes leading to either inactivation of enzymes or making proteins insoluble. These are implicated in decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes, protein and amino acid availabilities, mineral uptake, vitamin metabolism, and depression of growth. Polyphenols are known to cause certain ultrastructural changes in the different parts of experimental animals. A correlation between dietary tannins and occurrence of esophageal cancer has been established. Bird resistance and seed germination in food crops have been correlated to high contents of polyphenols. The antinutritional activity of polyphenols can be reduced by removing polyphenols from the grains by chemical treatments or removing pericarp and testa by pearling. Treatment of alkaline reagents and ammonia can remove 90% of the polyphenols. Supplementation of polyphenols-rich diet with protein can alleviate the growth-depressing effect of polyphenols.     

Chemical,biochemical, and biological significance of polyphenols in cereals and legumes

Polyphenols in cereals and legumes have been receiving considerable attention largely because of their adverse influence on color, flavor, and nutritional quality. These compounds belong to the flavonoid and tannin groups and are mostly located in the seed coat or pericarp of the grains. The pearl millet flavonoids have been identified as C‐glycosylflavones by the combined use of paper chromatography and UV spectroscopy. Although nontoxic, physiological and nutritional significance of these compounds occurring in high amounts in the pearl millet grain are still not clearly understood. In view of aesthetic quality, bleaching of the millet grains in acidic solution is recommended. A large proportion of current assays involves spectrophotometry of tannin or its chromogen and tannin‐protein interaction. Sorghum and legume tannins have been characterized as condensed tannins. Several factors such as plant type, age of the plant or plant parts, stage of development, and environmental conditions govern the polyphenol contents in plants. Polyphenols are known to interact with proteins and form tannin‐protein complexes leading to either inactivation of enzymes or making proteins insoluble. These are implicated in decreasing the activities of digestive enzymes, protein and amino acid availabilities, mineral uptake, vitamin metabolism, and depression of growth. Polyphenols are known to cause certain ultrastructural changes in the different parts of experimental animals. A correlation between dietary tannins and occurrence of esophageal cancer has been established. Bird resistance and seed germination in food crops have been correlated to high contents of polyphenols. The antinutritional activity of polyphenols can be reduced by removing polyphenols from the grains by chemical treatments or removing pericarp and testa by pearling. Treatment of alkaline reagents and ammonia can remove 90% of the polyphenols. Supplementation of polyphenols‐rich diet with protein can alleviate the growth‐depressing effect of polyphenols.     

茶叶提取物在食品添加剂方面的研究和应用

本文较全面地综述了目前国内外以茶多酚、茶氨酸、茶碱、茶色素等茶叶提取物作为天然食品添加剂,所进行的研究和应用情况。     

多酚的食物来源及生物有效性

介绍了食品中存在的多种多酚的性质及其含量;分析了农业生产、工业化生产对多酚含量的影响以及综述了目前在多酚的生物有效性方面的研究进展。     

Polyphenols in brewing (author's transl)]

Analytical methods for the determination of polyphenols of malt, barley, hop, wort, and beer are described. Malt or barley tannins has hitherto not received as much study as hop tannin. Polyphenols or tannins are classified. Studies on non-biological hazes are discussed in relation to the haze problem in brewing. The leucoanthocyanins of malt differ from those of hops in ability to form hazes. Subfractionation of polyphenol concentrates on sephadex columns allows isolation of individual tannins.