超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查茶叶中的多种农药残留

目的采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(UPLC-MS/MS)和改进的Qu ECh ERS样品前处理技术,建立茶叶中多种农药残留的快速筛查检测方法。方法样品采用乙腈提取,提取液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、石墨化炭黑(GCB)及茶叶农残检测专用吸附剂(TPT)混合进行分散固相萃取净化(d-SPE)。以BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)进行色谱分离,以电喷雾电离串联质谱多反应监测模式(MRM)进行监测。结果以欧盟农药残留参比实验室组织的茶叶中175种农药残留的国际比对考核的茶叶样品进行定性筛查和定量测定,以液相色谱质谱技术从考核茶叶样品中共定性筛查出多菌灵、吡虫清、噻嗪酮等10种农药残留。针对这10种农药进行了定量检测方法的建立和方法验证,10种农药在0.1~20μg/L的浓度范围内呈良好线性,相关系数r0.999,各农药的定量限为0.5~2.0μg/kg,茶叶样品基质的加标回收率在75.7%~105.8%之间,相对标准偏差在2.3%~18.4%之间。定量测得考核的茶叶样品中10种农药的含量在0.021~0.373 mg/kg之间。结论本方法简单、准确、灵敏度高,适用于农产品中农药多残留的快速筛查。     

茶叶中的甲氰菊酯、噻嗪酮含量的测定能力验证研究

目的 通过参加CNCA-20-01“茶叶中的甲氰菊酯、噻嗪酮含量的测定”能力验证,提高实验室对茶叶中的甲氰菊酯、噻嗪酮的检测能力。方法 样品经乙腈提取后净化,分别采用气相色谱法（Gas chromatography,CC)和气相质谱（Gas Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS/MS）进行检测比对,并通过多种质量控制措施对测定结果进行验证。结果 CNCA-20-01样品中甲氰菊酯和噻嗪酮的测定结果分别为16.927 mg/kg和21.349 mg/kg;Z值分别为-0.45、-0.94,|Z|均小于2。结论 实验检测能力评价结果为满意,表明本实验室对于茶叶中甲氰菊酯、噻嗪酮含量的定量测定能力较好     

分散固相萃取净化-气相色谱法测定大米中4种农药残留

目的建立一种同时测定大米中丁草胺、噻嗪酮、稻瘟灵、溴氰菊酯4种农药残留的分散固相萃取-气相色谱法。方法样品经乙腈提取,盐析后,提取液经N-丙基-乙二胺硅烷(N-propyl-ethylenediamine silane,PSA)和十八烷基硅胶(C_(18))分散固相萃取材料净化后上机测定。优化的色谱条件为:DB-17(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)石英毛细管柱,采用程序升温分离,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量1.00μL,电子捕获检测器检测。结果 4种农药在0.001~8μg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,定量限为0.001~0.08 mg/kg,4种农药平均回收率为89.6%~102.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.11%~7.81%(n=6)之间。结论该方法操作简便、快速、准确,适用于大米中4种农药残留痕量分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱法测定茶叶中6种农药的残留量

建立了茶叶中噻嗪酮、毒死蜱、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、乐果、多菌灵等6种农药残留量的高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱检测方法。茶叶样品经酸化乙腈提取,基质分散固相萃取净化。经高效液相色谱分离后进入飞行时间质谱检测。6种农药浓度在1～50μg/kg下线性关系良好,相关系数R2在0.995～0.999之间,检测限在0.01～1μg/kg之间,回收率在80%～102%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在4%～6%之间。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,能够满足茶叶中多种农药残留的定性、定量检测需求。     

茶叶中10种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱法和气相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了茶叶中啶虫脒、乐果、吡虫啉、灭多威、甲基嘧啶磷、腐霉利共6种农药残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法和溴氰菊酯、乐果、高效氯氟氰菊酯、p,p'-滴滴伊、甲基嘧啶磷、腐霉利、哒螨灵共7种农药残留的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定方法。其中,乐果、甲基嘧啶磷和腐霉利三种农药均能通过两种方法测定。LC-MS/MS法测定的6种农药,在5~200 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.995),在10、50、100 μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为70.0%~105.0%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~18.7%。GC-MS/MS法测定的7种农药,在10~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.996),在10、50、300 μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为82.0%~110.0%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~12.0%。该方法完善了茶叶中10种农药残留检测方法针对实际样品的检测,灵敏度满足国外限量标准要求,适合出口茶叶中农药残留的测定。     

毒死蜱等7种农药残留在玉米酿酒加工过程中的 迁移与降解规律

目的开发了多残留检测方法并研究了以玉米为原料发酵加工白酒酿造过程中的几种农药残留变化及残留浓度。方法用改进的QuEChERS方法进行样品前处理,采用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对毒死蜱等7种农药残留水平及残留浓度进行检测。结果玉米和白酒中7种农药的添加回收率在81%~95%之间,方法检出限均在1~10μg/kg之间,定量限均在3~30μg/kg之间。随着发酵时间的延长,毒死蜱等7种农药的残留水平1~14 d内降低缓慢;蒸馏后的轻组分酒液样品中有痕量农药残留检出。结论发酵并不引起测试的农药残留显著降解,但酿酒过程农药迁移率很低,白酒中农药残留风险不高。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法同时测定枸杞中46种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(GC-MS/MS)同时检测枸杞中46种农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取后,使用无水硫酸镁、N-丙基乙二胺(N-propyl ethylenediamine,PSA)进行净化,以HP-5MS色谱柱分离待测物,GC-MS/MS采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring mode,MRM)模式检测,基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,46种农药在0.01~0.20 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.99。方法检出限(S/N=3)在0.02~3.90 μg/kg的范围内,方法定量限(S/N=10)在0.05~12.99 μg/kg的范围内;在10、50、100 μg/kg的加标水平下,46种化合物平均加标回收率达71.5%~99.8%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~8.9%。10批次枸杞样品中4批次检出农药残留,含量范围为19.4~262 μg/kg。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于枸杞中多种农药残留的检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定玉米中有机氯和 拟除虫菊酯农药残留量

目的建立气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法(GC-ECD)测定玉米中16种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的方法。方法玉米样品经乙腈超声提取后,使用Florisil进行固相萃取净化,样品经氮吹浓缩后,使用气相色谱电子捕获检测器测定。结果 16种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药在0.01~0.5 mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好线性关系,R2大于0.99;在0.02、0.05、0.2 mg/kg三个添加浓度上回收率范围为71.0%~103%,相对标准偏差1.28%~8.74%,检出限在0.1~16μg/kg之间。结论该方法前处理操作快速简单,能够有效净化样品,满足玉米中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药的日常检测和监管工作,适用于大批次样品的定性定量分析。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶茶汤中多种农药残留量

目的采用Qu ECh ERS方法和气相色谱-串联质谱(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)分析技术,建立茶叶茶汤中65种不同极性农药残留量的快速检测方法。方法利用乙腈(含1%乙酸)提取茶叶茶汤样品,分散固相萃取法净化样品,GC-MS/MS检测采用选择反应监测模式(selective reactions monitoring,SRM),灵敏度最高的离子对用作定量。结果 65种农药在3个浓度添加水平上的加标回收率范围是76%~134.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)范围为1.0%~18.41%,茶叶样品定量限是0.15~3.0μg/kg,茶汤样品定量限是0.1~1.5μg/kg。结论该方法灵敏度高,准确性好,快速简便,适用于绿茶、乌龙茶、白茶和红茶中多种农药残留量的检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法同时检测草莓中13种农药残留

目的建立一种固相萃取-毛细管柱气相色谱方法,可以同时检测草莓中常用的13种农药残留,包括百菌清、腐霉利、粉唑醇、腈菌唑、醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、烯酰吗啉等7种杀菌剂,毒死蜱、三氟氯氰菊酯、哒螨灵、氰戊菊酯等4种杀虫剂及莠去津、乙草胺等2种除草剂。方法草莓样品20 g匀浆后,经乙腈50 mL提取,NH_2固相萃取柱净化,HP-5毛细管气相色谱柱进行分离,GC-ECD进行定性及定量分析。结果 13种农药残留的色谱图分离效果良好,线性相关系数均大于0.996,方法检出限在0.01 mg/kg~0.5 mg/kg之间。13种农药的添加水平为0.01 mg/kg~2 mg/kg,回收试验表明该方法平均回收率在70.5%~114.5%之间,相对标准偏差在2.17%~6.85%之间。结论该方法简单、快速、灵敏、净化效果好、回收率高,适合草莓中多种农药残留的检测和安全监控。通过对50份草莓样品进行检测,检出百菌清、乙草胺、毒死蜱、粉唑醇、醚菌酯、烯酰吗啉6种农药。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.