碱法与酶法提取大米蛋白工艺及功能特性比较研究

对大米蛋白的提取工艺和功能特性进行了比较研究。大米蛋白的提取采用碱法和酶法分别提取。研究结果衣明．碱法提取大米蛋白的工艺条件为在室温下，用0．1mol／L的NaOH以1：7的同液比提取4h。提取得到的大米蛋白纯度达到90％，提取率55％。酶法提取大米蛋白的工艺条件为温度50℃，pH为8，E／S为5％，液固比为3：1，酶解时间为4h。提取的大米蛋白提取率为40％，蛋白质纯度为45％。碱法提取的大米蛋白持水性、吸油性和起泡性优于酶法提取的大米蛋白，而酶法提取的大米蛋白的溶解性、乳化稳定性和泡沫稳定性优于碱法提取的大米蛋白。两种方法提取得到的产品乳化能力相当。     

碱法分离大米蛋白质和淀粉的工艺研究

大米蛋白质中80％以上是碱溶性谷蛋白，可采用碱提酸沉的方法分离大米蛋白质。本实验研究得到碱法分离大米蛋白质的最佳工艺条件为：碱液质量分数为0．3％，提取时间为4h，提取温度为室温，料液比为1：6。可得到纯度为80．7％的大米分离蛋白，蛋白质提取率为87．46％，淀粉损失率为2．77％。     

苦瓜植株各部分黄酮的提取与粗黄酮含量的测定

介绍了以苦瓜植株各部分为原料用微波法提取黄酮，通过正交试验对该方法进行了最佳条件的探讨。实验结果表明：以体积分数50％乙醇水溶液作提取溶剂，固液比1：30（g／mL），微波照射2min，浸提时间1h，提取温度80℃，苦瓜叶中黄酮提取率最高。并用该最佳条件分别提取苦瓜叶、茎、果、根的黄酮类化合物，测其质量分数分别为1．616％、0．453％、1．535％、0．875％。     

超声波提取荞麦壳色素工艺的研究

以乙醇水溶液为提取剂，应用超声波技术从荞麦壳中提取色素。单因素试验和正交试验表明：乙醇浓度对提取效果的影响最大，其次为料液比、pH值和提取时间。最佳提取工艺条件为：粒度80目，乙醇溶液70％，料液比1：50，pH值1．0，提取时间4min，提取2次。此时产品得率为4．69％，色价为17。     

高纯度大米蛋白和淀粉的分离提取

高纯度的大米蛋白和大米淀粉可以作为大米综合利用的两个主产品，本研究采用碱法将大米蛋白和淀粉分离，研究表明最适提取条件是：NaOH求度0．05N，提取2h此条件下分离体系不受破坏，且大米蛋白的蛋白含量可达94.03％(干基)，蛋白得率63．37％；大米淀粉中蛋白含量0．39％(干基)，淀粉得率47．87%。     

大米蛋白质提取技术研究

针对碱法提取大米蛋白的局限性，提出了非碱性溶剂逆向提取大米蛋白的思路。结果表明，在固液比为1：8，温度80℃，处理1h所得到的产品蛋白质含量达89．5％，氨基酸总量达86．7％，蛋白质回收率为95．7％。各项指标均优于碱法直接提取工艺。     

应用超声波法提取大米中黄曲霉毒素B1

采用ELISA方法，研究和评价了超声波提取大米中黄曲霉素B1的提取效宰．实硷结果表明：与普通振荡处理相比，采用超声波处理明显增大了提取效率．缩短了摄取时间，超声波处理10分钟时达到最大提取率，振荡处理30分钟才能达到．而且超生波最大提取浓度比振荡处理提高了30．5％，在针对0．1、1、和10ug／kg这三个浓度水平做加标回收试验。回收事达到83.0～95．2％．比振稿处理提高10％左右．不同超生频率对结果产生的影响不显著。     

高梁种子外种皮中原花青素提取、纯化及其抗氧化活性的研究

本文对我国高粱种子不同部位的原花青素的含量以及高粱主产地高粱种子外种皮中原花青素的含量进行了测定；用水和不同浓度梯度的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮水溶液作提取剂，对黑龙江产高粱种子外种皮中原花青素的提取率进行了比较，选用乙醇水溶液(50：50V／V)作提取剂，通过正交实验对工艺进行优化；采用固相萃取的方法对黑龙江产高粱种子外种皮提取物中原花青素进行纯化，产物纯度为96．01％，原花青素的得率为3．76％；同时测定了产物的抗氧化能力和清除超氧阴离子的能力。     

葡萄皮花色素不同提取方法的比较研究

用不同的方法提取黑比诺葡萄果皮中的花色素，发现1％盐酸甲醇法、5％盐酸甲醇法和1％盐酸乙醇法适合于葡萄皮花色素的提取，而60％丙酮水溶液法、醋酸甲醇水(1：10：9)溶液法和pH=1溶液提取法不适合于葡萄皮花色素的提取。同时，用1％盐酸甲醇法、5％盐酸甲醇法和1％盐酸乙醇法提取赤霞珠、梅鹿特、黑比诺果皮花色素发现，对于不同品种，提取方法有所不同。从黑比诺果皮上提取的花色素总量显著少于其他2个供试品种。     

酸性蛋白酶提取大米水解蛋白的研究

研究了用酸性蛋白酶提取大米水解蛋白的工艺及所获水解蛋白的功能性质。分析了温度、pH值、加酶量、液固比、提取时间对蛋白提取率的影响，并通过正交实验优化了酸性蛋白酶提取大米水解蛋白的工艺条件，确定了工艺参数。其最佳工艺条件为：温度45℃、pH3．0、加酶量1％（E／S）、液固比8：1、提取时间为4h。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.