固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中的高氯酸盐

目的建立了一种同位素稀释超高液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中高氯酸盐含量的分析方法。方法试样经0.2%乙酸水溶液和二氯甲烷提取,上清液经HLB小柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,内标法定量。结果高氯酸盐在0.1～100μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9995,检出限为0.3μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,加标回收率在85.2%～102%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)小于8.0%。结论该方法简便、可靠、稳定,可用于土壤中高氯酸盐含量的测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中的氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留量

目的 建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐残留量的方法。方法 食品样品经纯水溶解,乙腈提取,固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定。采用多反应监测模式,电喷雾电离源负离子模式,内标法定量。结果 氯酸盐在0~200 ng/mL、高氯酸盐在0~100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99,检出限(S/N=3)为氯酸盐6.0μg/kg和高氯酸盐1.0 μg/kg,定量限(S/N≥10)为氯酸盐18.0μg/kg和高氯酸盐3.0 μg/kg。以不含氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的样品作为空白样品进行添加回收试验,氯酸盐的回收率为83.7%~106.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%~6.2%,高氯酸盐的回收率为87.8%~112.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%~7.5%。结论 该方法不但可以有效排除复杂基体的干扰,而且简单、灵敏、稳定。     

离子色谱-串联质谱法测定生活饮用水中的高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐

目的建立离子色谱-串联质谱法同时测定生活饮用水中高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐含量的分析方法。方法选用高容量、亲水性IonPacAS-20阴离子交换柱为分析柱对高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐进行分离,以淋洗液自动发生器在线产生KOH为淋洗液进行洗脱。采用外接水模式,串联质谱进行检测。采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式和多反应监测测定,外标法定量。结果高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐的线性范围分别为0.04～20.00μg/L, 0.02～10.00μg/L, 0.04～20.00μg/L,相关系数r~20.999,检出限分别为0.02、0.01和0.02μg/L,定量限分别为0.04、0.02和0.04μg/L,加标回收率在90.0%～98.8%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)小于8.0%。结论该方法简便、可靠、稳定、灵敏度高,可用于生活饮用水中高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐含量的快速测定与确认。     

同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中的高氯酸盐

目的建立茶叶中高氯酸盐的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。方法茶叶中高氯酸盐用0.2%乙酸提取,经石墨炭黑柱净化,优选Synergi~(TM)MAX-RP柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,4μm)为分析柱,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,内标法定量。结果高氯酸盐在0.25~50.0μg/L范围内线性良好,回归方程y=1.569x+0.0268,相关系数r~2=0.999 6。加标浓度为0.05~0.50 mg/kg时,回收率95.6%~120.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.9%~17.5%。检出限为2.5μg/kg。结论本方法前处理简单、准确、灵敏度高,适用于茶叶中高氯酸盐的测定。     

UPLC-MS/MS测定特殊医学用途配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐

建立一种特殊医学用途配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐测定的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品用0.1%（体积比）甲酸水-乙腈提取，经Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化，复合离子交换色谱柱分离后，以乙腈-20 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，多反应模式检测，同位素内标法定量。结果显示，氯酸盐和高氯酸盐在1～200 ng/mL质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系，相关系数大于0.999，检出限为3.75μg/kg，定量限为7.5μg/kg。氯酸盐和高氯酸盐在7.5、50、500、1 500μg/kg 4个加标水平回收率为97.1%～104.8%之间，相对标准偏差为2.55%～6.05%(n=6)。该方法简单快速、定量准确，能用于特殊医学配方乳粉中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐含量的测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定面制食品中的铝含量

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定面制食品中Al元素含量的方法。方法面制食品样品经微波消解后,使用ICP-MS测定,并对方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行考察。结果 Al元素在20.0~200.0μg/kg范围内的相关系数大于0.999,线性良好,方法检出限为0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.6μg/kg。加标浓度为5.0~15.0μg/kg时,回收率在99.3%~105.0%之间,且相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在0.93%~2.11%之间。结论该检测方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于面制食品中Al元素的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的甲基乙二醛

目的建立一种蜂蜜中甲基乙二醛的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的甲基乙二醛,蜂蜜样品直接用水提取,2,3-二氨基萘为衍生化试剂,常温下避光反应8 h以上,以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相,色谱柱分离,通过质谱电喷雾离子源,正离子模式进行定性和定量分析。结果甲基乙二醛的线性范围为0.05~1.0μg/m L,相关系数0.999以上,线性良好,检出限为0.2 mg/kg,定量限为0.5 mg/kg。回收率92.4%~97.5%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)均小于1.3%。结论该方法的精密度、回收率均满足要求,适用于大批量样品的快速检测。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定奶嘴中12种N-亚硝胺释放量

目的建立液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定奶嘴中12种N-亚硝胺释放量的分析方法。方法样品经人工唾液提取,采用HP-INNOWax色谱柱进行分离,采用分流进样的方式对样品进行上机分析。结果在浓度25~150μg/L内12种N-亚硝胺的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995。12种N-亚硝胺的检出限为2μg/kg,定量限为5μg/kg。方法回收率在94.44%~103.93%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.39%~2.73%之间。结论该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,准确可靠,适用于奶嘴中12种N-亚硝胺的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中的高氯酸盐和氯酸盐

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测牛奶中高氯酸盐和氯酸盐的分析方法。样品用乙腈-甲醇-乙酸溶液(90∶10∶1,体积比)提取同时沉淀蛋白,正己烷去除脂肪,在非修饰多孔石墨化碳柱(Hypercarb)上进行分离,然后采用电喷雾离子化三重四极杆串联质谱测定。结果表明,高氯酸盐和氯酸盐在各自的线性范围内峰面积与其质量浓度线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)大于0.999;高氯酸盐的定量限(S/N=10)为0.8μg/kg,氯酸盐的定量限为3μg/kg;两种化合物的平均回收率为83.8%~97.3%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~8.8%。     

茶叶中蒽醌的内标-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立测定茶叶中蒽醌的快速气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)。茶叶样品加入蒽醌-D8同位素内标应用液后,经乙腈提取,使用QuEChERS方法净化,氮吹浓缩后,在选择多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)下扫描,以HP-5MS(30 m×250μm,0.25μm)色谱柱进行分离,内标法定量。蒽醌在10 ng/mL～200 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r=0.999 5)。该方法的检出限为3μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,加标回收率在87.1%～98.4%之间,加标回收试验相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.23%～4.12%之间。该方法适用于茶叶中蒽醌的定性定量检测。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.