超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定牛奶中19种喹诺酮类抗生素

建立基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱筛查和确证牛奶中19种喹诺酮类抗生素的方法。牛奶样品经酸化乙腈提取并沉淀蛋白,PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,用Waters Acquity BEH C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.5μm)分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,在全扫描(full MS)-数据依赖扫描(ddMS2)模式下检测。结果表明:19种喹诺酮类抗生素的精确质量相对偏差小于3.0×10-6,在0.2~200 ng/mL范围线性关系良好;检出限0.1~0.5μg/kg,定量限0.2~1.0μg/kg;加标水平0.2~10.0μg/kg时,方法回收率62.1%~100.4%,相对标准偏差低于10%。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于牛奶中19种喹诺酮类抗生素的快速筛查和定量分析。     

一步净化结合超高液相色谱串联质谱同时测定雅鱼中13类54种兽药残留

目的：本研究建立了一种一步净化法结合液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时检测雅鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)中13类54种兽药残留的快速检测方法。方法：向2.0 g样品中加入8 mL 0.2%甲酸-乙腈:水溶液(90:10,V/V)提取,冰水浴超声提取,LPAS一步净化。采用C₁₈柱,甲醇-0.1%甲酸/5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液梯度洗脱,动态多反应监测(dMRM),正/负离子模式,内标法定量,LC-MS/MS测定。以添加54种兽药的方式,对提取方式、提取体积、盐的加入、液相和质谱条件进行了优化,对方法性能(基质效应、方法检出限、方法定量限、准确度、精密度)等进行了验证。结果：54种兽药在0.1～50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,决定系数(R²)≥0.992,方法检出限(LOD)为0.03～2.5μg/kg之间,方法定量限(LOQ)为0.1～8.3μg/kg之间,在低(添加量5～10μg/kg)、中(添加量10～20μg/kg)、高(添加量50μg/kg)三个水平下54种药物的平均回收率为70.45%～118.1%,RSD...     

亲水作用色谱柱-高效液相色谱法测定鸡蛋中氨丙啉的残留量

目的建立亲水作用色谱柱-高效液相色谱法检测鸡蛋中氨丙啉残留的分析方法。方法样品加入10 mL5%三氯乙酸水溶液进行提取,离心后取一半上清液过HLB柱净化。色谱柱为Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z (100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.7μm),流动相为5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈,等度洗脱, 5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液:乙腈=20:80(V:V),流速为0.4 mL/min,进样量为20μL,检测波长267 nm。结果氨丙啉在0.35～10.0μg/mL呈良好的线性关系, r大于0.999。方法的最低定量限为250μg/kg。氨丙啉在250～2000μg/kg的浓度添加水平上,其回收率在85.0%～96.7%,批内、批间的相对标准偏差小于6%。结论该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高等特点,适用于鸡蛋中氨丙啉的残留检测。     

微波辅助萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中四种氟喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了微波辅助萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星四种氟喹诺酮类药物残留的方法。样品经微波辅助萃取,正己烷脱脂,无水硫酸钠除水,浓缩提取物至干,用1.0mL0.1%甲酸溶液溶解后上机检测。采用Hypersil GOLD-1.9μm,50 mm×2.1 mm(i.d)色谱柱分离,在多反应监测模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明:四种氟喹诺酮类药物在浓度10～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9956～0.9991,定量限为10μg/kg。在不同添加水平下,其平均回收率为88%～101%,变异系数为1.4%～4.1%。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱测定豆类杂粮中53种农药残留

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定杂粮中53种农药残留的分析方法。方法杂粮样品采用乙腈提取,经MgSO_4、乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶、C_(18)混合净化剂净化,CAPCELL CORE AQ柱(150 mm×3 mm, 2.7μm)分离,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸, V:V)-5 mmol/L甲酸铵甲醇溶液(含0.1%甲酸,V:V)为流动相,在全扫描和自动触发二级质谱(Full MS/dd-MS~2)模式下采集数据。结果 53种目标物在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,定量限为1～10μg/kg,平均回收率为73.8%～119.7%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～12.1%。结论该法操作简便,灵敏,适用于杂粮中53种农药残留的定性、定量筛查。     

超高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱内标法同时测定禽类食品中11种喹诺酮类药物

目的建立同时测定禽类食品中11种喹诺酮类药物残留量的超高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)分析方法。方法鸡肉和鸡蛋样品经1%乙酸乙腈(1∶100,V/V)混合液提取,冷冻离心与正己烷脱脂净化,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)-甲醇为流动相,采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多离子反应监测(MRM)模式,基质匹配同位素内标,标准曲线法定量。结果 11种喹诺酮类药物在0.05~50.0μg/L的浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数R~2≥0.997 4,检出限范围为0.05~0.10μg/kg,平均回收率为82.4%~104.3%,相对标准偏差小于15.0%。结论该方法的样品前处理过程简单,净化效果好,减少了基质效应的影响,适用于大批量禽类食品中喹诺酮类药物残留量的快速测定。     

同位素稀释法-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆芽中6种喹诺酮类药物残留

目的建立通过式固相萃取(solid phase extraction,SPE)柱净化、氘代同位素内标、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定豆芽中6种喹诺酮类药物残留的方法。方法用0.1%甲酸-乙腈作为提取溶剂,经通过式固相萃取柱净化提取液,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定豆芽中6种喹诺酮药物残留。结果 6种喹诺酮在5.0～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,r~2≥0.999;方法检出限(S/N=3)为0.7μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为2.0μg/kg;加标水平为2.0～80μg/kg时,平均回收率在85.5%～119.4%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)(n=6)为0.13%～9 93%。结论本方法前处理简单,定量结果准确,回收率高,可以应用于大批次豆芽中喹诺酮药物残留的监测。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中6种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留量

目的建立一种基于QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定水产品中诺氧沙星、环丙沙星、洛美沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和培氟沙星的分析方法。方法样品经1%甲酸乙腈提取,采用改进的QuEChERS体系进行净化后通过C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7μm),以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇-乙腈(4∶6,V/V)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用UPLC-MS/MS法进行定性、定量分析。结果诺氧沙星、环丙沙星、洛美沙星、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和培氟沙星在一定浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,检出限为0.30～0.80μg/kg,定量限为1.0～2.5μg/kg,回收率范围为86.6%～120%,相对标准偏差在0.59%～7.6%之间。结论该方法快速、准确,能满足水产品中6种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留的快速筛查和检测分析要求。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道离子阱高分辨率质谱法快速筛查和确证动物源性食品中9种β-受体激动剂残留量

目的建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitraphigh resolution mass spectrometry, UPLC-Q-Orbitrap)筛查和确证动物源性食品中9种β-受体激动剂残留量的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取, 150 mg PSA(乙二胺-N-丙基填料)粉末、50 mg C_(18)粉末和500 mg无水硫酸镁进行净化,正己烷去脂,用Waters Acquity BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸-乙睛(V/V)和0.1%甲酸-水(V/V)进行梯度洗脱,在全扫描(Full MS)-数据依赖扫描(data dependent MS2)模式下进行检测。结果 9种β-受体激动剂残留量的精确质量相对偏差小于1.0×10~(-6),在0.5～10 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997;检出限范围为0.2～0.5μg/kg;加标水平为0.5～5μg/kg时,方法回收率在74.3%～110.8%范围内,相对标准偏差低于12%。结论该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于动物源性食品中9种β-受体激动剂类药物的快速筛查和定量分析。     

高效液相色谱一串联质谱法测定鱼肉中8种喹诺酮类药物的残留量

目的建立鱼肉中恩诺沙星、丹诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、沙拉沙星、双氟沙星、氧氟沙星等8种喹诺酮类药物残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法以氘代试剂为内标,样品经酸性乙腈提取后,用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩,采用LC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式测定。结果 8种喹诺酮的水平为1.0μg/kg和3.0μg/kg时回收率为88.4%～114.9%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.03～0.1μg/kg。结论该方法简便快捷,精密度好,准确度高,可满足鱼肉中多种喹诺酮类药物残留的定性、定量检测要求。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status