水分对低温储藏优质稻品质的影响

为改善优质稻储藏入库前水分含量,本研究以不同水分梯度(11.5%、12.5%、13.5%、14.5%、15.5%、16.5%)的优质稻分别放入15℃和20℃进行模拟储藏。研究储藏过程中其出糙率、整精米率、黄粒米、垩白粒率、大米糊化特性以及大米品尝评分等加工及蒸煮品质变化情况。结果表明:含水量为13.5%～14.5%范围内出糙率较好,含水量为12.5%～14.5%范围内整精米率较好,含水量小于15.5%黄粒米能较好的控制,垩白粒率与水分含量关系不大,优质稻储藏半年即达到最佳食用品质且偏高水分优质稻食用品质稍好,含水量对稻谷糊化特性影响较显著,含水量较低时峰值粘度较低,含水量升高峰值粘度逐渐升高;准低温以下温度储藏优质稻,其出糙率、整精米率、黄粒米率、垩白粒率、米饭品尝评分与储藏温度无关,RVA糊化特性受温度影响较大,温度高峰值黏度变化快。     

整仓环流结合压盖储粮技术对东北地区偏高水分稻谷品质的影响

采用常规储藏,整仓环流结合压盖储粮技术对东北地区偏高水分稻谷度夏储藏期间(180 d)的粮温、水分、储藏品质、种用品质和糊化品质进行对比分析。在检测期间,整仓环流结合压盖技术比常规储藏表层粮温低25.8%。整仓环流结合压盖储藏下储粮水分为14.77%,比常规储藏高0.41%。整仓环流结合压盖方式下脂肪酸值为18.66 mgKOH/100g,比常规储藏低4.86 mgKOH/100g。整仓环流结合压盖方式下发芽率为94%。糊化品质分析结果表明整仓环流结合压盖方式储藏的稻谷具有良好的加工稳定性。在东北地区采用整仓环流结合压盖储粮技术储藏偏高水分稻谷能够有效控制粮温,提高粮食的保水率,滞后脂肪酸的上升速率,保证稻谷品质。     

偏高水分粳稻谷的低温储藏试验研究

为探究偏高水分粳稻谷低温储藏中的安全性和品质变化规律，在模拟低温环境(温度15℃)下对偏高水分粳稻谷(15.3%)储藏2.5年，监测了储藏期间稻谷霉菌数量、质量指标和储存指标的变化，并以常规水分(14.3%)的粳稻谷作对照进行了比较。结果表明，偏高水分粳稻谷在整个储藏期霉菌数量均低于105 cfu/g，未出现霉变现象。储藏期间，偏高水分和常规水分粳稻谷在质量指标和储存指标上的变化规律基本一致，但变化幅度略有差异。储藏结束时，偏高水分粳稻谷仍保持良好的品质，水分含量为14.2%，出糙率为80.2%，整精米率为66.8%，黄粒米含量为0.6%，脂肪酸值为23.2 mg/100 g，品尝评分值为77.2。     

不同氮气气调工艺启封后籼稻品质变化规律

本文为了解籼稻氮气气调启封后储藏过程中品质变化规律,以实仓储藏籼稻为原料,以常规储藏作为对照,对气调储藏和气调杀虫两种工艺启封后籼稻的品质进行检测和比对分析。结果表明：在准低温实仓储藏条件中,两种气调工艺启封后籼稻的含水量,脂肪酸值、新鲜度、发芽率、真菌孢子数和糊化特性等指标变化和常规储藏差异不明显。气调杀虫工艺在启封储藏前后籼稻的出糙率和整精米率分别比对照仓多降低0.9%和0.2%,垩白率多增加0.73%;气调储藏工艺启封储藏前后籼稻的出糙率,整精米率分别比对照仓多降低0.4%和0.34%,碎米率、垩白率、黄粒米率和硬度多增加 1.93%,2.34%,0.7%和3.5%。通过主成分分分析发现气调时间越长启封后稻谷品质变化更快、更明显。     

氮气气调储藏下不同温度对晚籼稻品质的影响

目的 对于氮气气调结合控温储藏稻谷的研究, 探索适宜的储藏温度对于延缓稻谷品质劣变和节约储藏成本至关重要。方法 本研究以广西桂林新收获的晚籼稻为对象, 采用99%浓度的氮气包装, 在高温(35℃)、常温(25℃)、低温(15℃) 3个条件下的恒温培养箱中进行180 d的储藏。同时设立常规储藏条件作为对照, 每30 d取一次样, 进行加工、储藏品质及米饭蒸煮品质指标的测定。结果 在3个温度条件下, 相比于常规储藏, 氮气气调稻谷能够有效延缓出糙率和水分的下降。在35℃条件下, 氮气气调稻谷的整精米率、品尝评分值下降幅度以及黄粒米率、脂肪酸值、直链淀粉含量、米饭吸水率的上升幅度均较大。在15℃和25℃条件下, 氮气气调稻谷则能够有效延缓整精米率和品尝评分值的下降, 并抑制黄粒米率、脂肪酸值、直链淀粉含量和吸水率的上升。在25℃和35℃条件下, 氮气气调稻谷能够抑制膨胀率的上升, 但在15℃条件下的效果不明显。相关性分析显示, 在种子储藏时应避免使用氮气气调。主成分分析结果表明, 在25℃条件下, 氮气气调比低温常规储藏效果更好, 能够延缓稻谷品质劣变。而品质特征指标与储藏条件的相关性分析结果表明, 储藏温度对稻谷品质的影响较小。结论 将温度控制在25℃的氮气气调储藏方式在经济性上更为优越, 既能延缓稻谷品质劣变, 又能节约储藏成本。     

优质稻谷准低温储藏与常温储藏品质变化的比较研究

本文研究了优质稻谷在准低温储藏条件下的品质变化,并与常温储藏的品质变化做对比,以期为优质稻谷准低温储藏下的储备周期提供依据。将两种优质稻谷黄华占和两优放入实验模拟仓中储藏,控制环境温度20℃以下,以常温储藏作为对照。每两个月取样对其色泽、气味、脂肪酸值、品尝评分值、黄粒米含量、直链淀粉含量、出糙率、整精米率、过氧化氢酶活动度、发芽率等储藏品质指标、质量指标、加工品质指标、生理品质指标以及糊化特性和质构特性进行测定和分析。结果表明,低温储藏较常温储藏更能延缓优质稻谷品质的劣变,根据GB/T 20569《稻谷储存品质判定规则》,建议准低温储藏的优质稻谷的储备周期不超过18个月。     

不同谷冷工艺对高温入仓稻谷品质的影响

为了探讨稻谷高温季节入仓降温工艺对其储藏品质变化的影响,为低温储粮整仓谷冷设备合理选型提供理论依据。通过不同降温梯度（1℃<ΔT<3℃）、降温天数（5、7、9、11天）的比较,并采用单因素分析与模糊综合评价相结合的方式,系统研究了偏高水分稻谷（14.3%和14.8%）入仓后从30 ℃分别降温至19 ℃和15 ℃过程中其脂肪酸、食味值、新鲜度、整精米率、黄粒米及垩白度指标变化规律。结果表明：含水率14.3%的稻谷入仓后经9天缓速降温至19℃下对其食味值、新鲜度、整精米率具有较好的保持效果,减量幅度分别为0.3、0.4和2.0%;同时能够有效抑制脂肪酸、黄粒米及垩白度的增加,增长幅度分别为2.5 mg KOH/100g、0.5%和0.1%;该条件下稻谷品质指标模糊综合评价得分最高,达到了0.85,客观综合反映了稻谷品质变化特性。进一步通过整仓谷冷工艺参数的计算得出初始含水率14.3%的5000 t稻谷高温季节入仓后,经9天降温11 ℃至少需配备约56.5 KW功率压缩机的谷冷设备。     

东北地区偏高水分稻谷控温储藏过程中品质变化研究

通过开展东北地区偏高水分稻谷实仓品质试验,测定稻谷储藏过程中水分、脂肪酸值、出糙率、整精米率、吸水率和膨胀率等品质指标的变化情况,为今后科学指导偏高水分稻谷储藏提供依据。     

广东优质籼稻陈化过程理化品质变化情况及相关性研究

选取广东地区种植的5个优质籼稻谷品种,通过模拟南方高温高潮储藏环境,分析陈化过程中稻谷的基本理化指标、品质指标等变化情况,并进行了各指标的相关性分析。结果表明:随着储藏时间的加长,稻米的直链淀粉含量、脂肪酸值越来越高,而出糙率、整精米率、品尝评分值、过氧化氢酶活性等均越来越低,说明随着陈化的不断加深,米质和口感都不断下降。模拟陈化1个月后,脂肪酸值(KOH)已达20.2 mg/100 g,5个月后,脂肪酸值已达轻度不易存,食味品质评分值达70分以下,品质逐渐变差。直链淀粉含量和整精米率在陈化初期变化幅度不大,在陈化后期出现较大幅度地改变。通过相关性分析得出稻谷储藏时间与直链淀粉、脂肪酸值呈极显著正相关,与出糙率、整精米率、品尝评分值及过氧化氢酶活性呈极显著负相关。     

优质稻谷氮气气调与常温储藏品质变化的比较研究

本文研究了优质稻谷在氮气气调储藏条件下的品质变化,并与常温储藏的品质变化做对比,以期为优质稻谷氮气气调储藏下的储备周期提供依据。将优质稻谷黄华占和两优于氮气气调和常温两种储藏方式下储藏,每两个月检测两种优质稻谷的脂肪酸值、品尝评分值、出糙率、整精米率、黄粒米率、直链淀粉含量、过氧化氢酶活动度、发芽率、糊化特性和质构特性的变化。实验结果表明：氮气气调储藏480 d(16个月)的优质稻谷的劣变程度与常温储藏420 d(14个月)的劣变程度相当。说明氮气气调储藏与常温储藏相比,能在一定程度上延缓优质稻谷的品质劣变,但效果有限。建议氮气气调储藏的优质稻谷的储备周期为16个月。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.