固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食用植物油中大麻酚、大麻二酚和Δ9-四氢大麻酚

为有效提高食用植物油中大麻素类化合物的风险监测水平,建立一种固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定食用植物油中的大麻酚、大麻二酚和Δ9-四氢大麻酚的方法,并通过方法检出限、定量限、不确定度、加标回收率和精密度等对该方法的准确性进行了验证。结果表明：在以5 mL乙腈提取两次、EMR-Lipid固相萃取柱为净化柱、水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱、Agilent Pursuit 3 PFP色谱柱(3μm, 2.0 mm×150 mm)分离,负离子模式下电离、多反应模式监测、基质标准曲线同位素内标法定量条件下,大麻酚、大麻二酚、Δ9-四氢大麻酚在5～200 ng/mL质量浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,检出限均为10μg/kg,加标回收率为84.27%～100.30%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～3.9%;实际样品测定中发现部分食用植物油中存在大麻素类化合物。该方法操作简单、快速、准确度高,适用于食用植物油中大麻酚、大麻二酚、Δ9-四氢大麻酚的测定。     

火麻油中五种大麻素的HPLC同时检测

火麻油中含有大麻二酚酸（CBDA）、大麻二酚（CBD）、大麻酚（CBN）、Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）、四氢大麻酚酸（THCA）等多种大麻素。本文充分考虑其基质的特点,研究火麻油中5种大麻素提取的样品的快捷制备方法,通过优化色谱条件,实现待测组分与基质中杂质峰的有效分离,建立火麻油中五种大麻素的HPLC同时检测方法,并采用精密度实验、重复性实验以及加标回收率实验等对方法加以验证。结果表明,五种大麻素在0.5~50 μg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）均在0.33~0.80 mg/kg之间,回收率在77.1%~103.3%,相对标准偏差RSD≤4.7%。通过对国内4个产地的实际火麻油样品进行检测,发现其中均含有少量的大麻素,其中THC含量均少于0.3%,但是部分产品的THC含量比欧盟国家规定的上限高,存在一定的安全风险。本文所发展的方法为相关检测方法标准的建立奠定了方法学基础。     

基于超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定9 种食品基质中3 种大麻素

在优化前处理条件和色谱分离的基础上,建立同时测定橄榄油、牛肉、面包等9 种食品中大麻酚、大麻二酚和Δ9-四氢大麻酚的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定方法。最终选择用乙腈或甲醇提取,EMR或二乙烯苯-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮（HLB）固相萃取小柱净化,以甲醇和10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,在BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm）上分离,用电喷雾电离源（正离子模式）,多反应监测模式测定,同位素内标定量。结果表明,该方法在0～200 μg/L质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998。方法的检出限（信噪比3）和定量限（信噪比10）分别为3 μg/kg和10 μg/kg。在空白样品中进行3 个水平（1、2、10 倍定量限）的加标回收实验（n＝6）,3 种大麻素化合物的回收率为71.7%～108.5%,相对标准偏差为4.6%～12.4%。本实验建立的方法稳定性好,灵敏度高,能够满足常见食品基质中大麻素的检测要求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测黑巧克力中的五种大麻酚

基于巧克力和大麻酚类物质的物理化学性质,本文通过对前处理方法和检测方法的优化,建立了一种巧克力中五种大麻酚的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。并通过精密度、重复性以及加标回收等实验对方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,五种大麻酚在0.05~5.0 μg/mL浓度范围内有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数R2≥0.997,定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为0.15 mg/kg;日内和日间精密度的相对标准偏差RSDs值<5%,说明该方法具有良好的精密度和稳定性;在三个加标水平（1.25、2.50、5.00 mg/kg）下的回收率为91.8%~109.0%,RSDs<5%,说明该方法具有较高的准确性。本方法具有简单、快速、准确等优点,可以为建立巧克力中大麻酚类物质的检测方法标准奠定实验基础,同时为加强国际大麻酚添加食品进出口监管提供技术储备。     

固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定食品中9 种大麻素

建立了测定橄榄油、猪肉、面包等食品中包括合成大麻在内9 种大麻素的气相色谱-质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇和乙腈提取、固相萃取净化以及HP-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离，使用电子电离源、选择离子监测模式以及外标法定量。结果表明：该方法在10～500 μg/L质量浓度范围内有良好线性关系，相关系数均大于0.999 2；方法的检出限（信噪比为3）和定量限（信噪比为10）分别为1～15 μg/kg和2.5～50 μg/kg。对不同样品基质进行1、2、10 倍定量限3 个水平的加标回收实验，9 种大麻素化合物的回收率为65.2%～117.9%，相对标准偏差为2.0%～12.7%。该方法灵敏度高、检测速度快、适用性强，对发现和控制我国食品中大麻素类物质的残留、制定检测标准和采取相应的管理措施具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析测定食用植物油中痕量δ9-四氢大麻酚

以电喷雾离子源(ESI)为电离源,在负离子采集模式下建立食用植物油中δ9四氢大麻酚(δ9-THC)超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。实验以甲醇为提取剂,经中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化、Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC BEH-C18(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离后以UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式进行分析。方法检出限和定量限分别为0.15μg/kg和0.45μg/kg。实验以δ9-氘代四氢大麻酚(δ9-THC-D3)为内标物,采用内标法定量。3个添加水平,平均回收率为68.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差为8.8%～18.1%。本方法能够满足食用植物油中δ9-四氢大麻酚痕量检测的要求。     

液相色谱–串联质谱法测定谷类食品中5种合成着色剂

通过添加食用小苏打的甲醇水溶液提取谷类食品中的合成着色剂,采用超高效液相色谱–串联质谱技术测定加标回收率,考察食用小苏打在谷类食品中对日落黄、苋菜红、胭脂红、诱惑红和亮蓝五种合成着色剂的萃取效果。试验样品经70 mL的40%甲醇水加1.00 g食用小苏打涡混提取后,通过固相萃取柱Strata X-AW SPE净化,结果显示,在0.1~1.4 μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,五种合成着色剂的检出限范围为0.07~0.50 μg/g。不同食品基质和不同加标水平条件（1、2、10 μg/g）下,5种合成着色剂的加标回收率范围均在80%~110%间,相对标准偏差（RSD）范围为0.7%~5.1%(n=6),满足GB/T27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》对回收率的规定要求。     

大麻籽油中Δ~9—四氢大麻酚的含量测定

本文报导了一个测定大麻籽油中△~9——四氢大麻酚含量的微量分析方法。大麻籽油中的△~9——四氢大麻酚用甲醇——石油醚提取,然后通过活性氧化铝柱层析净化,气相色谱测定。该方法平均回收率为88％,变异系数4.1％。     

QuEChERS/高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中氢化可的松和氟氢可的松醋酸酯

建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中氢化可的松和氟氢可的松醋酸酯激素残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）测定方法。样品经水分散后以乙腈提取,氯化钠盐析,以N-丙基乙二胺（primary secondary amine,PSA）和中性氧化铝（Al2O3-N）净化,Waters XBridge C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾正离子扫描,多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。在优化条件下,目标化合物在3个加标水平（1.25、5.00、12.50 μg/kg）下的平均回收率为80.6%~102.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.64%~4.22%,方法检出限（LOD）为0.40 μg/kg,方法定量限（LOQ）为1.25 μg/kg。应用本方法对28批次婴幼儿配方奶粉进行测定,发现2批次样品检出氢化可的松。方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,能满足婴幼儿配方奶粉中氢化可的松和氟氢可的松醋酸酯激素残留的快速检测要求。     

凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱法测定火麻仁油中Δ9-四氢大麻酚含量

目的 建立使用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化,高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析测定火麻仁油中Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚(Δ⁹-THC)的检测方法。方法 样品经环已烷和乙酸乙酯溶解,经GPC净化分离,再以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm)分离,以乙腈-水流动相洗脱,二级管阵列检测器分析,外标法定量。结果 该方法在0～500 μg/L浓度内,线性相关系数(r)＞0.999,方法检测限(LOD)为0.05 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.17 mg/kg。加标回收率在84.6%～101.8%之间,相对标准偏差为3.2%～4.7%(n=6)。在实际样品检测中,10种不同品牌的火麻仁油中Δ⁹-THC含量在0.40～5.82 mg/kg之间。结论 该方法稳定性好,灵敏度高,适用于火麻仁油样品中Δ⁹-THC的检测分析。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.