一种下肢外骨骼助行康复机器人及康复评价方法

针对下肢瘫痪患者的康复训练需求,设计了一种下肢外骨骼助行康复机器人。描述了外骨骼机器人的机械结构。设计了基于关节角位移的闭环控制系统,将VICON运动捕捉系统采集的正常人体下肢运动关节角作为参考输入信息,控制受试者穿戴外骨骼进行行走、上下台阶动作。完成系统调试后,采用VICON运动捕捉系统捕捉受试者在该控制系统下的步态,并与正常人体步态作对比,验证了控制算法的正确性。定义了下肢康复评价标准RMP,使用设计的外骨骼康复机器人进行患者跟踪康复训练实验,验证了助行康复机器人的有效性。     

下肢康复外骨骼的步态交互设计研究进展

中国正向深度老龄化社会高速迈进，脑卒中等老年性疾病人群逐年增多，开展面向助老适老的智能产品研究具有广阔的应用前景与重要的学术价值。下肢康复外骨骼是一种与穿戴者肢体交互并为其提供相应运动辅助和训练的人机交互共融智能产品。利用下肢康复外骨骼进行科学有效的康复运动训练，患者的肌力得以增强，脑神经和患肢之间的传递通路得以重建。根据穿戴者的下肢运动功能缺失或减弱程度生成并调整步态以进行安全有效的康复训练，是目前下肢康复外骨骼的研究前沿与热点。针对下肢运动功能障碍导致的行走方式差异化和康复步态规划个性化问题，结合国内外下肢康复外骨骼步态交互设计的研究进展，围绕下肢康复外骨骼步态性能评价标准、步态生成方法、步态控制策略和典型康复应用进行了重点分析探讨。最后总结并对下肢康复外骨骼的步态交互设计未来发展方向进行了展望，为相关研究人员提供参考。     

下肢康复外骨骼机器人结构拟人设计与运动学分析

下肢康复外骨骼机器人是一种可以辅助脑卒中导致运动功能障碍患者肢体运动和康复训练的机器人。基于人体下肢生物力学特点,提出了下肢外骨骼机器人设计方案,研究了下肢康复外骨骼机器人的机构设计原理及过程。针对外骨骼髋关节的关键零件设计进行详细阐述,研究了准拟人化设计的比例参数,使用了拓扑优化方法对膝关节电机架进行轻量化设计。基于D-H法分析了外骨骼机构的运动学关系,得到坐标转换矩阵。通过ADAMS软件进行运动学仿真,验证了运动学分析的可靠性。     

基于步态的下肢康复用外骨骼机器人运动分析

穿戴式下肢助行外骨骼机器人是一种能够帮助行走不便的老人和具有行走功能障碍的患者进行辅助行走的仿人服务机器人,其康复训练设备已提升为国家战略性研究项目,越来越得到重视。通过对人体下肢运动机理以及步态的研究,并基于动力学仿真软件Adams对外骨骼机器人的受力和步态进行仿真分析,验证步态的合理性,同时对以后行走的合理性提供依据以及为进一步设计出一种新型穿戴式下肢助行外骨骼机器人样机提供参考。     

步行康复机器人轨迹控制方法研究

为了满足神经受损患者步行康复训练需要,设计了以外骨骼助行腿为核心的步行康复机器人,其重要的要求是保证机器人的运动轨迹符合患者康复训练要求。为使机器人能模拟步态为患者提供康复训练,在合理的步态规划后对轨迹的控制方法进行了研究,在控制系统软、硬件平台上完成了步行康复机器人助行腿的两种轨迹控制方式(位置控制和速度控制)。通过实验验证了控制方式的可行性,满足了患者步态训练需要。同时实验结果表明,速度控制方式比位置控制方式更加适合步行康复机器人。     

肢体运动功能恢复中步态康复机器人技术的应用

在医学的快速发展下,再加上人们生活水平和生活质量的日益提高,康复问题受到了人们的广泛关注,步态康复机器人应运而生。步态康复机器人能够对病患的运动意向进行初步检测,并提供合理的运动补偿机制,并将其划分为两个子系统,结合不同患者患肢的运动能力来进分析,并为其提供外骨骼重力补偿以及外骨骼跟随患肢运动康复训练模式。如果病患肢体并不具备运动能力,可以结合健肢示教控制系统,为病患制定相应的步态运动参数带动病患肢体进行康复运动,不仅可以确保病患康复训练动作的完整性,同时还可以为不同阶段的康复训练需求提供保障。基于此,分析了步态康复机器人在帮助患者恢复肢体运动功能所起的作用,希望能够帮助更多的患者认识和了解步态康复机器人的优势。     

下肢康复训练机器人关键技术分析

机器人技术应用于康复医学领域,为传统医学解决了许多问题。作为康复机器人技术研究的重要组成部分,下肢康复训练机器人的研究以带动或辅助患者下肢进行步态康复训练为目的,其机械结构具有一定的自由度,能够实现康复训练所需的运动,可采用多种执行元件,控制策略上,采用主动或被动控制策略,可以使患者以选定的康复训练模式进行步态康复训练。这里重点讨论下肢康复训练机器人的结构特点及其控制策略,最后,分析下肢康复训练机器人的研究现状并展望其发展趋势。     

下肢康复训练机器人的设计开发

针对当前下肢运动障碍患者众多,而国内传统康复训练设备机械结构复杂、穿戴适应性差、步态训练人机运动精度低和协调性弱等问题,在深入分析了现有康复设备存在不足的基础上,设计开发了下肢康复训练机器人。该机器人的外骨骼机械腿采用曲柄滑块方式驱动关节运动,可自由调节机械腿长度与两腿宽度,再搭配跑步机与减重机构共同组成了机器人的机械部分。同时,该机器人集成了外骨骼腿和跑步机的控制系统,并应用提出的外骨骼腿的位置控制以及与跑步机速度的协同控制方法。最后,在实验室搭建了所设计的下肢康复训练机器人系统,并进行了人体带载实验。结果表明,该康复训练机器人对不同尺寸人体具有很强的穿戴适应性,同时具有精确的轨迹跟踪能力,以及良好的协调运动控制稳定性。     

下肢外骨骼机器人踝关节建模及动力学仿真

下肢外骨骼机器人是一种具有辅助助力和医疗康复功能的智能型机械装置。本文通过对人体踝关节结构分析,设计了被动气弹簧踝关节下肢外骨骼机器人,并建立了被动踝关节力学模型;利用OpenSim获得了正常人行走时一个步态周期髋、膝关节步态数据,将其导入ADAMS对所设计的下肢外骨骼机器人踝关节未加气弹簧和加气弹簧两种模型进行了动力学仿真,通过对两种模型运动曲线对比分析,验证了所设计的下肢外骨骼机器人在步态行走和动力学方面的可行性和正确性。     

下肢外骨骼虚拟样机设计研究

步态分析是外骨骼机器人设计中不可或缺的技术环节。以人体步态运动规律作为下肢外骨骼运动姿态控制的基础,有利于实现良好的人机匹配。采用Vicon运动分析系统进行了运动学实验与分析。在人机交互的基础上,拓展人的运动功能,因此在下肢功能障碍患者康复训练、老年人及正常人助力行走、单兵装备中获得广泛关注与应用。以人机功能匹配为设计出发点,采用Vicon运动分析系统进行了步态行走实验,以步态参数作为下肢外骨骼运动控制依据。通过ADMAS运动仿真与拉格朗日方程计算结合的方式,得出动力学参数。进而完成了一款兼顾行走助力功能与低成本的下肢外骨骼虚拟样机设计。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.