基于Pareto遗传算法的螺旋铣加工参数优化

螺旋铣是主要针对航空领域中难加工材料的先进制孔工艺技术。在螺旋铣孔过程中,主轴转速、每齿进给量和每转轴向切削深度是3个最主要的加工参数。以材料去除量和刀具耐用度为优化目标,基于Pareto多目标遗传算法,针对螺旋铣削钛合金材料在稳定性切削条件下的切削参数进行了优化,主要考虑铣削参数对孔表面质量的影响。最终通过切削实验进行了验证。     

侧铣式高速电弧放电加工的极间流场仿真及加工试验

在高速电弧放电加工方法的基础上提出一种用于加工连续曲面、直纹面等的新型加工工艺——侧铣式高速电弧放电加工方法。与其他利用电弧进行加工的工艺方法相比,侧铣式高速电弧放电加工主要利用电极的侧面进行电弧蚀除加工,可用于加工各种复杂曲面和曲率半径较大的型腔及沟槽、流道等。侧铣电极采用侧面周边及底面多孔结构,能够实现极间的强化内冲液,在电极旋转运动的配合下,可有效控制电弧进而达到高效去除材料的目的。为了深入研究流场对侧铣式高速电弧放电加工效果的影响,建立了加工过程的极间流场模型,仿真并分析了侧铣电极在不同冲液孔分布及冲液入口压力下的极间流场。分析及进一步的工艺试验结果皆表明,在冲液入口压力为1.6 MPa时,在保证电极结构强度的条件下,增加电极的周向孔数,可以实现极间工作液的充分流动,使流场分布更均匀,从而改善电弧放电状态,可以获得较好加工效果。试验表明,在峰值电流400 A时,侧铣式高速电弧放电加工Cr12模具钢的材料去除率可以达到4 095 mm~3/min,相对电极损耗率为2.5%。最后,采用侧铣式高速电弧放电加工方法进行了连续曲面及涡轮叶片特征流道加工的可行性验证。     

整体叶轮车铣复合加工工艺多目标优化

整体叶轮作为复杂曲面零件中典型的一类,如何实现其高效率、高质量加工一直是许多学者和工程技术人员研究的重点。以整体叶轮车铣复合加工工艺为研究对象,提出一套工艺参数多目标优化方案。针对整体叶轮车铣加工工艺特点,以主轴转速n、进给速度vf、切削深度ap、切削宽度ae等工艺参数为优化变量,以加工工时、叶片变形量为目标函数,从机床性能、刀具性能、加工质量三方面界定约束条件,构建工艺参数多目标优化模型,用SQP优化算法进行求解。应用表明:采用优化后的工艺参数车铣加工整体叶轮,能大幅减小整体叶轮加工时间和叶片变形量。     

航空钛合金高效插铣加工实验与多目标优化研究

钛合金整体叶盘是航空发动机的重要零部件,结构复杂,加工难度大。插铣加工因其轴向承受能力强和刚性大等特性,非常适合加工钛合金整体叶盘这类难加工、结构复杂的零部件。针对钛合金插铣加工效率的问题,采用响应曲面法设计插铣实验,建立切削力经验模型,以切削力和材料去除率为目标,采用NSGA-II算法进行多目标优化获得Pareto最优解。研究表明:切削力随主轴转速的增加而缓慢减小,随切削宽度、切削步距和每齿进给量的上升而增加;与实验初始参数组合相比,优化后的材料去除率提高了81.19%,而切削力减小了23.68%,达到了本研究的高效加工目标。     

短电弧铣削工具电极材料的放电性能研究

镍基高温合金(GH4169)高温下具有较好的热稳定性、屈服强度高、塑性好的特点,并有较好的焊接性能、较高的耐蚀性和抗氧化性能,在-196~700℃很宽的温度范围内组织性能稳定。用不同电源放电参数与不同电极材料进行实验加工,观察加工效率、工件表面粗糙度、电极损耗、工件表面完整性、工件表面显微结构、工件表面化学成分。实验表明:短电弧加工中,相同加工条件下工具电极的相对质量损耗为铝碳钢紫铜石墨;低电压加工时紫铜电极的损耗率是石墨电极损耗率的7倍,增大加工电压紫铜电极损耗比石墨电极损耗高15~20倍;短电弧铣削加工后,工件表面存在熔滴、凹坑、裂缝和再铸层;短电弧铣削加工中,工具电极材料中元素会向工件里渗透,工件上的元素会向工具电极渗透。     

电火花加工中电极材料对加工性能影响的试验研究

以电火花多电极加工3Cr13模具型腔为研究对象,以提高材料去除率和降低电极损耗为目标,对负极性标准切入加工时不同电极材料的电火花加工性能(加工效率、电极损耗)进行研究,设计并进行了不同工艺参数下紫铜电极和Cu50W铜钨合金电极加工试验,获得了不同条件下的材料去除率和电极相对损耗参数,并对多电极电火花加工工艺及经济性进行了分析,结果表明:相同工艺参数下,加工性能因电极材料热学性能不同而不同,Cu50W铜钨合金的材料去除率约为紫铜的85.7％,而电极相对损耗约为紫铜的42.9％,从而为电火花加工不锈钢模具材料的电极选择提供了理论依据.     

薄壁圆筒零件车铣复合加工稳定性分析

某靶弹控制仓壳体为镁合金材料薄壁圆筒类零件,相对于传统车削工艺,车铣复合加工工艺具有主轴转速高、切削力小及切削温度低的特点,能有效降低镁合金材料的切削温度、提高加工效率及保证加工质量。针对靶弹壳体车铣复合加工稳定性研究与参数优化,建立考虑变切深变切厚的铣削力模型,利用有限元模型分析工件不同加工阶段和加工位置的动力学响应特性,结合模态锤击法得到的刀具端频响函数,建立XYZ方向的车铣复合加工稳定性预测模型。通过全离散法求解得到不同加工阶段下的稳定性lobe图,结果表明不同加工阶段下具有不同的稳定性加工边界,通过分阶段优化加工参数,可以在稳定加工的前提下提高加工效率。     

基于遗传算法的数控雕铣切削参数优化

在分析国内外切削参数优化问题研究现状的基础上,综合考虑数控雕铣加工机床性能和加工约束条件,针对加工过程中效率低、能耗高、质量难保证及环境污染严重等问题,建立以加工时间、碳排放量为优化目标,以主轴转速和进给速度为优化变量的优化模型,通过传统遗传算法和改进遗传算法进行切削参数优化,并通过模拟加工确认改进遗传算法的有效性。     

顺逆混合铣-铣复合加工方法的切削力分析

难加工材料已广泛应用,但加工过程中出现了的切削力大、刀具寿命短等诸多问题,提出了在不降低材料去除率的前提下有效地降低切削力的大小的新方法铣-铣复合加工方法,顺逆混合铣-铣复合加工方法是铣-铣复合加工方法的一种形式,顺逆混合铣-铣复合加工方法中的刀盘在低转速下就能实现高速切削。顺逆混合铣-铣复合加工方法中将总磨损量平均到了不同立铣刀的不同的切削刃上从而提高了整个刀具的寿命,从方法上解决了难加工材料加工中刀具寿命短的难题。实验结果表明顺逆混合铣-铣复合加工方法发挥了铣-铣复合加工方法组合优势,部分切削力能够相互抵消,从而减小加工工件的受力。     

基于ABAQUS的微细车铣表面残余应力仿真分析

对车铣复合加工进行有限元模拟不仅可以有效减少实验次数,克服传统实验方法材料浪费、去除率低和设计加工周期长的缺点,还可以从模拟结果中得到被加工材料的热力学性能、被加工后残余应力的分布和优化的工艺参数。运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了微细车铣三维仿真模型,采用单一因素试验法对加工残余应力进行仿真研究,得到不同测点深度下铣刀转速、工件转速、轴向进给速度和背吃刀量四个参数对残余应力的影响。结果表明:表面残余应力与铣刀转速呈负相关,与工件转速和轴向进给量呈正相关;背吃刀量则对表面残余应力无明显影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.