A reliable and sensitive time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA) for ochratoxin A in agro-products

Immunochromatographic assays (ICAs) are considered as a suitable diagnostic tool for the detection of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins and especially, ochratoxin A are analytes with more demanding sensitivity requirements. To enhance the sensitivity of current immunochromatographic assays for ochratoxin A (OTA), a novel sensitive ICA was developed in this study. In the assay, microspheres enclosing fluorescent europium (III) [Eu(III)] nanoparticles (EuNPs) were used as a label for OTA monoclonal antibody (OTA-mAb) conjugation. Accordingly, assay was called time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA). The test strip was composed of three parts: a sample pad, nitrocellulose membrane and an absorbent pad. As for detection, a proper concentration of conjugated microspheres was pipetted into the microtube and sample extract was added to it. Then the strip was inserted into the tube and the fluid flow along the strip. The TRFICA results were obtained in 8 min and read by a portable TRFICA strip reader. The established method allows quantitative determination of OTA with limit of detection as low as 1.0 μg kg⁻¹ in the samples. For validation, spiked samples including wheat, maize, soybean and rice were respectively assayed by TRFICA and a standard high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD), and good agreement of results was obtained between two methods.     

Influence of ultrasonic treatment on the structure and emulsifying properties of peanut protein isolate

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on emulsifying properties and structure of peanut protein isolate (PPI) were evaluated by analysis of particle size distribution, protein surface hydrophobicity, SDS-PAGE, circular dichroism spectra and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The emulsifying properties of the PPI were found to be improved by ultrasonic treatment. The mean particle size decreased from 474.7 nm to 255.8 nm while the molecular weight remained unaffected. The results of intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and surface hydrophobicity indicated that ultrasonic treatment induced tertiary structural changes of the proteins in PPI. Emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index were found to be correlated fairly well with surface hydrophobicity (H₀) (r = 0.712 and r = 0.668, respectively).     

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法解析桑椹酒渣中的酚类物质

该研究通过研究桑椹酒渣中的酚类化合物,为开发酒渣的价值提供一定的理论基础和数据支撑。建立云桑二号桑椹酒渣中的酚类化合物的高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法（HPLC-Q-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS）定性分析方法。液相色谱使用ZORBAX SB-Aq(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8-Micron）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈和0.1%(V/V）甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,采用ESI离子源在负离子模式进行质谱检测。最终鉴定出云桑二号桑椹酒渣中酚类物质共14种。然后利用标准品对照高效液相色谱法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC）对高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法鉴定出的多酚类化合物进行了定量测定,发现桑椹酒渣中的酚类物质组成与桑椹大致相同。但各单体酚含量总体降低。其中,花青素类酚类物质含量最高的是天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷（718.30μg/g）,非花青素类多酚物质含量最高的是儿茶素（1 805.87μg/g）。这些结果表明桑椹酒渣酚类含量丰富,是开发健康食品的良好原料。     

新型α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂1-脱氧野尻霉素-羟基查耳酮杂合体在大鼠体内的吸收与代谢

本实验研究了新型、高效α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂1-脱氧野尻霉素-羟基查耳酮杂合体（DC-5）在大鼠体内的吸收与代谢。超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱（ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）检测结果表明,DC-5灌胃后大鼠血液中出现了加氢还原、甲基化、磺酸化及葡萄糖醛酸化4 种代谢产物;灌胃后0.5 h,大鼠血液、心、肝、肺、胃、小肠中的DC-5含量达到峰值,而脾和肾中则在灌胃后1 h达到最高值;大鼠血液中DC-5的峰值质量浓度为162.76 ng/mL,半衰期（half-life in the terminal phase,T1/2）为30.66 h,平均驻留时间（mean residence time,MRT）为11.41 h;粪便是DC-5的主要排泄途径,24 h内排泄量为灌胃量的2.26%,显著高于24 h内尿液中的排泄量（0.015 6%）;药代动力学分析结果表明,DC-5在大鼠体内的生物利用度为1.47%。     

Processing,digestion property and structure characterization of slowly digestible gorgon nut starch

Food Science and Biotechnology - Slowly digestible gorgon nut starch (GN-SDS) was prepared by heating–cooling treatment (HCT), meanwhile its morphological and structural features were...     

MiSeq测序研究散装酱卤鸭肉贮藏期间微生物群落多样

为研究散装酱卤鸭肉贮藏过程中微生物变化规律,揭示其腐败本质,以期为确定其特定腐败菌（Specific Spoilage Organisms,SSO）提供依据,本文采用MiSeq测序分析其在4 ℃和25 ℃贮藏过程中微生物群落多样性。结果表明,样品在4 ℃和25 ℃贮藏过程中细菌和真菌物种多样性在总体上均呈现下降趋势。样品贮藏初期优势细菌是Weissella sp.、Staphylococcus sp.、和未分类的肠杆菌科,优势真菌是Debaryomyces sp. IZ_1257和Lodderomyces elongisporus。4 ℃贮藏中后期,肺炎嗜冷杆菌（Psychrobacter pulmonis）和Staphylococcus sp.为主要优势细菌;而25 ℃贮藏中后期的优势细菌则为Weissella sp.、Staphylococcus sp.、溶酪大球菌（Macrococcus caseolyticus）和未分类的肠杆菌科。4 ℃、25 ℃贮藏中后期样品中最主要优势真菌均为Debaryomyces sp. IZ_1257。相比较于传统方法,MiSeq测序提供的微生物多样信息更接近于样品微生态,更能够全面解析各环境样品微生物多样性。     

Yellow pigment from gardenia fruit: structural identification and evaluation of cytotoxic activity in HepG2 cells by induction of apoptosis

Food Science and Biotechnology - The preparation process of yellow pigment (YP) from gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) fruit was investigated, and the main components of YP were characterized by...     

不同芥菜品种对发酵泡菜品质的影响规律

为探究不同品种芥菜发酵后品质和挥发性物质的差异,该研究通过分析不同品种新鲜芥菜的总糖含量选取12个芥菜品种进行发酵,对发酵后的芥菜进行感官分析、微生物、pH值、总酸、有机酸、亚硝酸盐、抗氧化能力、生物胺和挥发性风味物质的分析。结果表明,发酵竹冲芥菜各项理化指标均优于其它发酵芥菜,其中,感官评价为87.0分,菌落总数和乳酸菌数分别为1.18×107 CFU/g和1.01×107 CFU/g,pH值4.80,总酸1.73 g/kg,亚硝酸盐含量11.82 mg/kg,DPPH自由基清除率84.60%,有机酸含量1543.69 mg/100 g,生物胺含量30.03 mg/kg,其各项理化指标均位于试验品种前列。此外,发酵竹冲芥菜中共检出40类挥发性化合物,总含量达21.0 μg/g,优于平均水平。该研究为芥菜发酵品种的选择提供理论基础。     

显齿蛇葡萄叶细胞悬浮培养体系的建立及其产多酚类物质研究

显齿蛇葡萄叶富含多酚类化合物,是一种具有很高开发利用价值的新资源食品原料。以显齿蛇葡萄幼叶为外植体诱导出了2种典型的愈伤组织,通过激素优化和连续筛选获得了性状优良的愈伤组织,在此基础上建立并优化了显齿蛇葡萄叶细胞悬浮培养体系,对悬浮培养细胞中的主要多酚类物质进行了鉴定,并评价了多酚的抗氧化活性。采用超高压液相色谱飞行时间质谱 (UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)和高效液相色谱 (HLPC)检测技术,分别从愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞中鉴定出了7种和10种多酚类化合物,其中原花青素B1、(+)-儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯为愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞中共有的物质,且含量较高,其中以表儿茶素没食子酸酯含量最高,在愈伤组织和悬浮培养细胞中分别达到了5020.965μg/g和1044.725μg/g。抗氧化活性评价结果显示,悬浮培养细胞多酚提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,对2,2-联氮-二 (3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐 (ABTS⁺)和2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基 (DPPH)自由基清除的IC₅₀分别为30.681μg/mL和3.685μg/mL,相同质量浓度下对DPPH自由基的清除和总还原能力均强于维生素C,其抗氧化能力主要源于表儿茶素没食子酸酯和(+)-儿茶素。希望研究可为显齿蛇葡萄细胞培养及其多酚类次生代谢产物的合成调控提供参考。     

Purification and identification of interacting components in a wheat starch–soy protein system

The objective of this research was to quantify the solubility, hydrophobicity and interaction characteristics of wheat–starch proteins (puroindoline, gliadin and glutenin) and protein-containing soy fractions (soy flour isolate [SFI], SFI 7S and 11S fractions, hexane-extracted textured soy flour [TVP] isolate, TVP 7S and 11S fractions, expelled, extruded soy flour [TSP] isolate, TSP 7S and11S fractions). Functional characteristics were assessed in aqueous sucrose solutions at pH 5.5 and 7.5 after heating to 25, 50, and 100 °C. Textured soy protein fractions were more soluble and had higher surface hydrophobicity profiles than their untextured counterparts. Sucrose addition decreased hydrophobicity in the textured proteins but increased it in untextured proteins. Characteristics of the isolate, as a whole, appear to be dictated by those of its 11S moiety. Dissociation constants (K_d values) for soy protein and starch-derived puroindoline were determined and indicated an extremely short association in all cases. The 11S fractions formed a complex with puroindoline in solution; however 7S fractions did not.