电化学蚀刻-掺杂316L不锈钢制备PEMFC双极板

目的 研究在0.5 mol/L KNO3和0.1 mol/L HNO3混合溶液中,电极电位对316L不锈钢(316LSS)表层微观形貌、化学组成、耐腐蚀性能和界面接触电阻的影响,以解决316LSS双极板在质子交换膜燃料电池中服役时腐蚀和表面接触电阻较大的问题.方法 借助于电化学交流阻抗、循环伏安、计时电流和动电位极化测试,对316LSS表面发生的电化学反应及改性后性能进行研究.利用电化学工作站、扫描电镜及X射线光电子能谱分析仪,对316LSS的耐腐蚀性能、微观形貌及化合价进行表征,并测量界面接触电阻和反应后溶液中铁铬金属离子浓度进行测量.结果 在0.5 mol/L KNO3+0.1 mol/L HNO3的混合溶液中,316LSS表面发生的反应为不可逆过程,当改性电位为–0.5 V(vs.SCE)时,交流阻抗低频区出现了代表物质吸附的感抗弧,电位负移到–0.6 V(vs.SCE)和–0.7 V(vs.SCE)时,表面发生点腐蚀和晶界腐蚀,膜层的完整性被破坏.最佳电位–0.5 V(vs.SCE)改性后316LSS表面出现凸起结构,表层元素分析发现关键合金元素铬主要以氧化铬和氮化铬形式存在,–0.5 V(vs.SCE)对应的氮化铬占比达54.8％.在140 N/cm2的压力下界面接触电阻与施加电位呈现抛物线关系,最小电阻值为8.7 m?·cm2(–0.5 V(vs.SCE)).改性后的316LSS耐腐蚀性能显著提升,最佳样品的腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀电位分别为0.065μA/cm2和136.738 mV,在模拟燃料电池中运行650 h时,腐蚀电流密度为3.4μA/cm2.结论 电化学改性316LSS的物理化学性能与施加电位大小密切相关.由于316LSS表层钝化膜在电化学反应过程中发生选择性溶解以及原位氮掺杂,促使钝化膜厚度减薄,掺杂氮元素稳定了膜层结构和提高了导电性能,消除了钝化膜对双极板性能的不利影响.最佳改性电位下316LSS表面发生选择性蚀刻形成致密的凸起状氮掺杂膜层,改善了316L不锈钢双极板综合性能.     

雪崩击穿条件下4.5kV IGBT器件的背面优化研究

The static avalanche breakdown behavior of 4.5 kV high-voltage IGBT is studied by theory analysis and experiment. The avalanche breakdown behaviors of the 4.5 kV IGBTs with different backside structures are investigated and compared by using the curve tracer. The results show that the snap back behavior of the breakdown waveform is related to the bipolar PNP gain, which leads to the deterioration of the breakdown voltage. There are two ways to optimize the backside structure, one is increasing the implant dose of the N C buffer layer, the other is decreasing the implant dose of the P C collector layer. It is found that the optimized structure is effective in suppressing the snap back behavior and improving the breakdown characteristic of high voltage IGBT.     

翅柱式IGBT水冷散热器的热仿真与实验

为分析翅柱式绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)水冷散热器的换热性能,利用Hyper Mesh软件对IGBT元件和完整散热器建立高质量的网格,通过FLUENT软件计算得到了水冷散热器内部槽道的流速分布、IGBT元件与水冷散热器的温度场分布。为验证仿真方法的可行性,建立了水冷测试系统进行温升实验。考虑到IGBT元件不能长时间工作在极限工况,损耗特性与结温互相影响以及内部芯片结温不便测量等问题,实验中采用了自制的模拟热源代替IGBT元件。以实验条件作为输入参数,建立模拟热源与水冷散热器的网格模型并求解计算,对比分析表明水冷散热器安装面上测温点仿真结果与实验数据的相对误差在4%以内。     

燃料电池不锈钢双极板CrN/CrC薄膜表面改性研究

采用离子镀技术在质子交换膜燃料电池不锈钢双极板表面制备了CrN/CrC多层薄膜。测试结果表明,与未镀膜的不锈钢基体相比,镀膜不锈钢的接触电阻(120N/cm2压紧力)降低2个数量级,并且耐蚀性能显著改善,腐蚀电流密度降低0.5~1个数量级。同时,镀膜不锈钢的耐久性亦大幅提升,改性薄膜可以有效保护不锈钢基体免受腐蚀损害。     

复合材料双极板配方优化研究

将碳纤维(CF)、碳纳米管(CNT)、乙炔黑(AB)和炭黑(CB)等导电材料与丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)塑料混合,压制成复合材料导电双极板基体,再在两侧覆盖铅箔,得到双极板。观察基体成型后的外观,并测试导电性能。正交实验确定复合材料双极板的优化配方为:m(ABS)∶m(CF)∶m(CNT)∶m(AB)∶m(CB)=100∶1∶0.5∶6∶8。以此配方制作的24 V、10 Ah双极性铅酸电池与传统单极电池相比,内阻低28%,以0.5 Ca放电,比能量高15%左右。     

TA2钛板掺杂钒离子渗碳层的耐腐蚀性能

为提高钛基双极板的耐腐蚀性能和导电性,在TA2纯钛的表面进行双辉离子渗碳,另外为降低渗碳温度,在渗碳过程中掺杂钒。使用扫描电镜和能谱分析、X射线衍射对改性层的组织结构、化学成分、物相组成进行研究,并测得改性层的界面接触电阻率、耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,在优化的制备工艺参数下,在TA2表面生成结构致密的TiC改性层、钒掺杂渗碳改性层。当压实力为140 N/cm²时,730℃下制备的钒掺杂渗碳改性层、850℃下制备的TiC改性层、TA2基体的界面接触电阻率分别是1.17、3.66、14.71 mΩ/cm²。在模拟双极板的工作环境中,测得730℃下制备的钒掺杂渗碳改性层、850℃下制备的TiC改性层的自腐蚀电流密度分别是5.238、7.563μA/cm²,均比TA2基体的腐蚀电流密度低1个数量级。在离子渗碳的过程中掺杂钒可以有效降低渗碳的工艺温度,并且提高TA2基体的导电性和耐腐蚀性能。     

Surface technology should improve PEM fuel cell performance

Leading industrial nations are investing in hydrogen technology as energy storage solution with fuel cells as the main converter to electric energy. Improvements in the performance of the key components: electrode catalyst, bipolar plates and polymer electrolyte membrane are needed to reduce costs for mass-market introduction. Consequently, surface technology has an essential role in meeting the goals.     

光催化双极膜的制备及应用

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）混合制成阳膜层材料,以聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖（CS）混合制成阴膜层材料。分别用氯化铬、戊二醛对阳膜、阴膜进行交联改性,并在阴阳膜层间加入具有光催化活性的纳米二氧化钛,得mCMC/TiO2/mCS双极膜。该双极膜在紫外光照射下,具有高的水解离效率,优良的亲水性能,双极膜阻抗小,工作电压低,并将该膜应用于合成乙醛酸和丁二酸体系中。     

Predicting post-treatment-initiation alcohol use among patients with severe mental illness and alcohol use disorders.

Few investigators studying alcohol abuse among individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI) have examined predictors of posttreatment alcohol outcomes. In the present study, a multivariate approach based on a theoretical model was used to study the relationship between psychosocial factors and post-treatment-initiation alcohol use. Predictors of alcohol use outcomes were examined in 278 individuals diagnosed with a current schizophrenia-spectrum or bipolar disorder and an alcohol use disorder (AUD). At 6-months follow-up, 144 of 228 available participants (63%) had good clinical outcomes. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that type of pretreatment residential setting was directly related to treatment, with participants who lived in supervised settings (41%) reporting significantly more days of treatment (β = .34, p     

An integrated magnetotransistor sensor

The initial voltage offset between the collectors in integrated circuits, including an npn-type dual-collector lateral bipolar magnetotransistor, formed in a well, and polysilicon resistors, is investigated experimentally. The choice of the switching circuit of the magnetotransistor determines the mode of operation and its effect on the offset. The initial offset between the voltages on the collectors is less than 1 mV, which enables the relative value of the useful signal in a weak magnetic field to be increased. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 50–54, April, 2009.