高速电弧喷涂FeMnCrNi/Cr3C2涂层的工艺优化及磨损性能

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢表面制备了FeMnCrNi/Cr₃C₂涂层。通过正交试验研究了喷涂电压、喷涂电流和喷涂距离对涂层形貌及性能的影响,获得了涂层制备的最佳工艺参数。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、显微硬度仪与激光共聚焦显微镜等研究了最佳工艺参数下制备的FeMnCrNi/Cr₃C₂涂层的形貌及性能。结果表明:影响涂层性能的主次因素顺序为:喷涂距离、喷涂电压、喷涂电流。最佳工艺参数为:喷涂电压31 V、喷涂电流240 A、喷涂距离200 mm。采用最佳工艺参数制备的涂层孔隙率为1.99%,显微硬度为719 HV0.1,是Q235钢的3.5倍,涂层的平均磨痕宽度、深度和截面积分别为281.95μm、4.42μm和564.81μm2,相比Q235钢分别减小了60%、72%和89%,具有更优的耐磨性;涂层的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损。     

热震对包覆ZrB2-SiC-La2O3/SiC涂层渗硅石墨力学性能的影响

采用涂刷法和包埋法在渗硅石墨基体表面制备了双层结构的ZrB₂-SiC-La₂O₃/SiC防护涂层,与表面无包覆涂层的渗硅石墨作对比,采用三点弯曲实验方法研究了热震对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,1500℃到室温之间循环热震10次后,表面无包覆涂层的样品单位面积氧化失重为52.1 mg/cm²,弯曲强度保持率仅为52.0%;而包覆涂层样品单位面积氧化增重为5.6 mg/cm²,弯曲强度保持率达78.5%,包覆ZrB2-SiC-La2O3/SiC涂层的样品热震后能保持良好的力学性能。在热震过程中ZrB₂-SiC-La₂O₃/SiC涂层氧化生成的氧化层可有效地保护石墨基体不被氧化,避免了样品内部各种缺陷的产生,从而提高了其弯曲强度。     

间苯二胺-氧化石墨烯/有机涂层的制备及防腐性能研究

针对有机涂层中氧化石墨烯(GO)分散性差、与树脂相容性不好的问题,本工作选择间苯二胺作为"桥接物质",利用其分子上的两个胺基与GO和环氧树脂的环氧基团分别键合,从而改善GO与环氧树脂间的相容性。同时,利用间苯二胺的空间位阻效应有效改善了GO的团聚问题,提高在环氧树脂中的分散性。采用化学接枝法得到间苯二胺表面改性的GO(M-GO),并制备了M-GO与环氧树脂E-44复合涂料(EP/M-GO)。结果表明,间苯二胺的胺基能够成功与GO表面的环氧基团键合,且在透射电镜下可以观察到M-GO呈现出少量片层的状态,团聚现象明显改善。另一方面,涂层截面形貌表明M-GO与基料树脂之间结合良好。复合涂料在12 d的盐雾实验后仍然能够为金属基底提供保护,且浸泡1000 h后的阻抗模值(|Z|0.01 Hz)仍可达109数量级,防腐性能明显提高。     

淡水舱涂层在不同水环境中的失效行为研究

利用附着力测试、吸水率测试和电化学阻抗谱测试等手段,研究了淡水舱涂层在反渗透水、调质水、自来水等淡水以及盐水中的腐蚀失效行为。结果表明,自来水比盐水具有更快的渗透速度,导致涂层在淡水中会优先失效。淡水舱涂层在反渗透水、调质水和饮用水3种淡水中的腐蚀失效历程相同,根据电化学阻抗谱的变化特征可分为3个阶段:水的快速渗透、涂层/金属界面金属基体的腐蚀和涂层中颜填料对金属的缓蚀。     

Nano-SnO_2 Decorated Carbon Cloth as Flexible,Self-supporting and Additive-Free Anode for Sodium/Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this study,nano-sized SnO_2 decorated on carbon cloth(SnO_2/CC) is prepared through a simple and facile solid method.The nano-sized SnO_2 is uniformly distributed on the surface of carbon fibers in carbon cloth,providing sufficient free space to relieve volume expansion and reduce electrode pulverization during cycling.The as-prepared SnO_2/CC as a flexible,self-supporting and additive-free anode electrode for sodium-ion/lithium-ion batteries(SIBs/LIBs) can demonstrate outstanding electrochemical performance.SnO_2/CC after annealing at 350℃(SC-350) as an anode for SIBs can deliver a reversible capacity of 0.587 mA h cm~(-2) at the current density of 0.3 mA cm~(-2) after 100 cycles.In addition,when cycling at 1.5 mA cm~(-2),SC-350 can maintain 1.69 mA h cm~(-2) after 500 cycles when used as LIB anode.These results illustrate that the as-prepared SnO_2/CC can be a promising flexible anode material for flexible SIBs/LIBs and provide a simple and practical method for designing new flexible electrode materials.     

Glass formation in Fe-Cr-Zr-B-Mo alloys by tuning Nb addition

Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with high boron content have potential application as a coating material used in the framework for storing spent nuclear fuels to support their safe long-term disposal. The high glass forming ability (GFA) and large supercooled liquid region are therefore required for such Fe-based BMGs in either the glassy powder fabrication or the subsequent coating spraying. In order to meet these requirements, the influence of Nb content on the GFA of Fe₅₇Cr₁₀Zr₈B₁₈Mo_7−xNb_x (x=1–5, at.%) alloys was investigated, as Nb has positive roles in GFA and thermal stability of BMGs. The results indicate that a fully amorphous phase in the as-cast samples with 3 mm in diameter is obtained for both the Fe₅₇Cr₁₀Zr₈B₁₈Mo₅Nb₂ and Fe₅₇Cr₁₀Zr₈B₁₈Mo₄Nb₃ alloys. The corresponding supercooled liquid regions of the two BMGs are 78 K and 71 K, respectively. The mechanism for improving their GFA was analyzed based on the principle of metal solidification, the parameters for glass formation and thermal properties of the alloys. The compression strength and Vicker’s hardness of the two BMGs are 1,950 MPa and 1,310 HV, 2,062 MPa and 1,180 HV, respectively. The developed BMGs with high B content, good GFA, and very high hardness can be used as coating materials to the framework for spent nuclear fuels.

     

大气条件下AlCrON基光谱选择性吸收涂层的热稳定性

设计并制备了Cr/AlCrN/AlCrON/AlCrO光谱选择性吸收涂层,利用GIXRD、SEM、AFM和TEM研究了退火过程中涂层微结构的演变规律。结果表明,该涂层在大气条件下、500℃退火1000 h后,其吸收率由退火前的0.910提高至0.922,发射率由退火前的0.151降低至0.114,表现出优异的热稳定性。微观组织分析表明,AlCrN和AlCrON吸收层在退火过程中发生了部分晶化,形成了氮化物纳米颗粒,这可以增加对光的反射和散射,有助于提高涂层的吸收率;退火后AlCrO减反射层中则形成了少量的Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃纳米颗粒,可以减少涂层表面对太阳光的反射,有助于降低涂层的发射率。同时,退火过程中Al原子向纳米颗粒表面偏聚,并在大气环境下发生氧化形成Al₂O₃层覆盖在纳米颗粒表面,能够起到阻止纳米颗粒长大的作用,这对于维持AlCrON基光谱选择性吸收涂层微结构和光学性能的稳定性具有重要的作用。此外,涂层中的非晶基体在退火处理中仅发生结构弛豫,并且由于非晶中的原子扩散非常缓慢,有助于抑制高温条件下涂层中纳米颗粒的扩散,保证纳米颗粒不发生团聚。     

Catalytic combustion kinetics of isopropanol over novel porous microfibrous‐structured ZSM‐5 coating/PSSF catalyst

Porous thin‐sheet cobalt–copper–manganese mixed oxides modified microfibrous‐structured ZSM‐5 coating/PSSF catalysts were developed by the papermaking/sintering process, secondary growth process, and incipient wetness impregnating method. Paper‐like sintered stainless steel fibers (PSSF) support with sinter‐locked three‐dimensional networks was built by the papermaking/sintering process, and ZSM‐5 coatings were fabricated on the surface of stainless steel fibers by the secondary growth process. Catalytic combustion performances of isopropanol at different concentrations over the microfibrous‐structured Co–Cu–Mn (1:1:1)/ZSM‐5 coating/PSSF catalysts were measured to obtain kinetics data. The catalytic combustion kinetics was investigated using power–rate law model and Mars–Van Krevelen model. It was found that the Mars–Van Krevelen model provided fairly good fits to the kinetic data. The catalytic combustion reaction occurred by interaction between isopropanol molecule and oxygen‐rich centers of modified microfibrous‐structured ZSM‐5 coating/PSSF catalyst. The reaction activation energies for the reduction and oxidation steps are 60.3 and 57.19 kJ/mol, respectively. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 620–630, 2015     

PEPT study of particle cycle and residence time distributions in a Wurster fluid bed

Particle cycle and residence time distributions are critical factors in determining the coating quality in the Wurster process. Positron emission particle tracking experiments are performed to determine the cycle and residence times of particles in different regions of a Wurster fluid bed. The results show that particles tend to recirculate in and sneak out below from the Wurster tube. The experiments also show that a larger batch size leads to a shorter cycle time and a narrower cycle time distribution (CTD). It is possible to avoid recirculations and obtain a shorter cycle time and a narrower CTD by selecting the operating conditions appropriately or via equipment design. Experiments using binary mixtures of particles with a diameter ratio of 1.5 show that large particles have a longer cycle time than small particles and that the cycle time is shorter for mixtures with approximately equal amounts of small and large particles. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 756–768, 2015