酶联免疫法检测猪肉中的司帕沙星

为了建立一种检测猪肉中司帕沙星(SPFX)残留的方法,并且在检测时具有特异性高,背景低和无需样品预处理的特点.该研究制备了间接竞争性酶联免疫吸附剂和特异性抗司帕沙星单克隆抗体.结果表明,该抗体与氟甲喹(11.99％)、氟罗沙星(11.14％)、恩诺沙星(4.60％)、环丙沙星(0.31％)几乎没有交叉反应.该方法测定了...     

Potassium Lactate and Fresh-Pork-Sausage Formulation Effects on Shelf Life in Lighted and Unlighted Display

ABSTRACT:  The objective was to examine the effects of potassium lactate (KL) and raw-meat blend on the shelf-life of fresh-pork-sausage patties in lighted and unlighted display. Four fresh-pork-sausage blends (70% prerigor meat, 30% fresh-pork trim; 80%/20%; 90%/10%; and 100%/0%) were formulated ( n = 3) with 0% and 3% KL, and patties were displayed for 10 d at 4 °C in lighted display or for 7 d in unlighted display followed by 3 d in lighted display. Patties with KL had lower aerobic plate counts (APC), more stable color (greater a* and chroma, less visual discoloration), and less lipid oxidation ( P < 0.05) during display than did patties without KL. Patties in the light for 10 d were more discolored and had more lipid oxidation ( P < 0.05) than those in the dark for 7 d followed by the light for 3 d. Patties with KL in the light for 10 d had similar color ( P > 0.05) to patties without KL that were in the dark for the first 7 d. Adding KL resulted in similar color stability ( P > 0.05) among patties made from 80, 90, and 100% prerigor meat and greater color stability ( P < 0.05) than similarly formulated patties without KL. By using 3% KL, fresh-pork-sausage patty color stability was maximized, APC and lipid oxidation were minimized, and formulation costs can be decreased by using less-expensive fresh-pork trim for up to 20% of the blend. Adding KL also minimized the effects of display lighting on myoglobin and lipid oxidation.     

三组天然保鲜液对冷却猪肉保鲜效果的研究——针对较低初始菌数和贮存温度的冷却猪肉

利用前面筛选研究所得的三种保鲜液,分别是1#保鲜液(壳聚糖0.5%、混合香辛料浸提液2.5%、蜂胶0.1%、Nisin-溶菌酶0.15%和茶多酚0.5%)、2#保鲜液(丁香13.25V/V、桂皮19.35V/V、乳酸菌发酵液17.65V/V、生姜9.16V/V和大蒜6.15V/V)和3#保鲜液(乳酸菌发酵液)处理冷却猪肉,处理后真空包装,研究其在初始菌数(2×103cfu·g-1)和贮存温度(1±1℃)较低的条件下,各组的保鲜效果。结果表明:1#保鲜液对冷却猪肉的抑菌效果最为明显,使冷却猪肉在贮存过程中菌数变化幅度非常小,贮存第21d细菌总数对数值仅为3.6;2#保鲜液处理组为4.113;3#保鲜液处理组在贮存过程中,细菌总数一直在105～106cfu·g-1范围内。三种处理在理化指标上差异不明显,TVB-N值保持较低的水平,红度a值保持较高的水平,18d后红度a值才有明显降低。     

鸡蛋素食肠生产工艺的研究

研究了5种食品添加剂、加水量和加热情况对鸡蛋素食肠凝胶性的影响，得出了鸡蛋素食肠的配方。     

鸡腿菇营养香肠的研制开发

研究了在肠馅中添加一定量的鸡腿菇对营养香肠感官评价和质构特性的影响，通过单因素和正交试验表明，蔬菜营养肠的最佳配方为：猪肉100％，鸡腿菇15％，玉米淀粉10％，复合磷酸盐0．4％，食盐6％，香辛料1％、味素0．3％、水适量。该产品具有独特的风味和良好的营养保健作用，市场前景广阔。     

Use of Carbon Monoxide Packaging for Improving the Shelf Life of Pork

ABSTRACT: Effects of carbon monoxide in modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP-CO) for pork were investigated. Eighty pork loins (40 injected, 40 uninjected) were used to evaluate color, microbial growth, rancidity, purge, and sensory quality of pork chops in 4 packaging environments (aerobic-overwrap, vacuum, MAP without CO, and MAP-CO). Treatments were evaluated during 36 d of refrigerated storage. Overall Hunter a values were significantly ( P < 0.001) greater in MAP-CO (11.25) than aerobic (6.93) packages. Sensory color values (100 point scale) were also greater for chops in MAP-CO (85.91) than aerobic (62.47) packages. However, MAP-CO did not reduce purge loss. Results showed that CO significantly improved color stability and sensory panel scores for both injected and noninjected pork chops.     

Effect of calcium chloride on the volatile pattern and sensory acceptance of dry-fermented sausages

The effect of calcium chloride addition used in combination with starter cultures (lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci) was studied in the development of dry-fermented sausage aroma and final sensory acceptance. Volatile compounds were extracted by solid-phase micro extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A paired comparison test was done to determine which sausage was preferred. The addition of calcium chloride 0.05% showed an important effect on volatile generation during ripening by inhibiting the generation of lipid oxidation products and promoting the generation of methyl branched alcohols and ethyl esters that contribute to proper sausage aroma. However, other compounds such as 3-methyl-butanoic acid and acetic acid, detected in high quantities in the 0.05% calcium added batch, may impart rancid and cheese-like notes that can negatively affect the final aroma. Moreover, the amount of calcium chloride used is important because larger amounts (0.5%) favoured the lipid oxidation producing a rejection from consumers.     

混合发酵剂的筛选及对发酵猪肉香肠加工特性及安全性能的影响

通过比较不同比例植物乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌的复合发酵剂的生长活性、产酸能力、耐盐及耐亚硝酸盐特性,筛选最佳复配比例的混合发酵剂并制作发酵香肠。旨在探究复合发酵剂对发酵香肠理化品质及生物胺的影响。结果表明:植物乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌复合比为1:1时,具有较好的生长、产酸、耐盐及耐亚硝酸盐能力。接种1:1的植物乳杆菌与木糖葡萄球菌混合发酵剂制备的香肠pH值下降速率快于单一乳酸菌组和空白对照组;发酵结束混合组pH值降为4.95,显著低于对照组和单一组(P<0.05);pH值下降改变了蛋白质与水分结合能力、促使香肠Aw随之降低,使得混合组Aw低于单一组和对照组;相比香肠色泽,3组差异不显著(P>0.05)。成熟后期混合组尸胺和组胺检出量均低于单一组和对照组。由研究结果可知添加复合发酵剂有助于提高香肠安全性、缩短发酵成熟周期。     

栅栏技术在中式香肠加工中的研究进展

根据栅栏技术基本原理,分析中式香肠中的主要栅栏因子,概述近期开发利用的天然或人工合成的香肠制品抑菌剂和抗氧化剂,展望栅栏技术应用于中式香肠安全性控制的发展趋势。     

荧光假单胞菌和热杀索丝菌对低温贮藏期间猪肉品质变化的影响

为研究荧光假单胞菌和热杀索丝菌与猪肉品质变化的相关性,测定了在4 ℃下贮藏猪肉的微生物菌落数、pH值、色泽（L*、a*、b*值）、质构特性、总糖含量、总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值和硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）值以及通过扫描电子显微镜观察猪肉肌纤维微观结构的变化。结果表明,在冷藏期间,微生物菌落数、pH值、TVB-N值、TBARS值等随着猪肉冷藏时间延长而上升,而总糖含量、L*值、a*值、硬度、咀嚼性均呈降低趋势。同时,研究发现猪肉冷藏过程中微生物的生长繁殖使其肌纤维结构发生明显变化。猪肉理化品质变化与微生物的种类和生长速率相关,热杀索丝菌的致腐败能力高于假单胞菌。相关性分析结果表明,菌落数、pH值、总糖含量、TVB-N值、TBARS值与冷藏时间密切相关,其中微生物菌落数与冷藏时间的相关性最高,可作为冷藏猪肉品质评价和货架期预测的监测指标。