竹层积材在高温中和高温后的抗弯性能研究

为了研究竹层积材在高温中和高温后的抗弯性能,在20～225℃下对104个试样进行了三点静态抗弯测试.结果表明:随着温度的升高,高温中和高温后竹层积材的抗弯强度、弹性模量和延性系数均明显减小;相对于高温中的试样,高温后的试样抗弯强度和弹性模量均明显较高,而其延性系数则较低.根据回归分析,建立了竹层积材在高温中和高温后的相对抗弯强度与温度的关系模型,该模型预测结果与实测值吻合良好.     

落叶松锯材抗弯强度尺寸效应

以兴安落叶松锯材为研究对象,研究了不同目测等级下锯材尺寸与其抗弯强度之间的关系.试验选取1961根6.5、9.0和14.0 cm3种宽度尺寸的目测等级锯材,每个宽度尺寸分为高、低目测等级组,按照每组试件宽度18倍的测试跨度测试锯材的抗弯强度.利用斜率法和形状参数法确定高、低目测等级组抗弯强度5％分位值的长度与宽度的组合尺寸效应.研究结果表明,斜率法获得高、低目测等级组试件抗弯强度5％分位值的组合尺寸效应分别为0.19和0.23.     

Experimental definition and its significance on the minimum safe distance of blown sand between the proposed Qinghai-Tibet Expressway and the existing Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Science China Technological Sciences - The Qinghai-Tibet Expressway is a major strategic project planned by China that will be built along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor. At present,...     

装备战场抢修能力预测混合算法

分析了信息化条件下战场抢修的主要影响因素,研究了各环节的特点和规律,提出了运用备件保障能力算法、排队网络、层次分析法、模糊综合评判等相结合的方法,分别计算备件保障、战损修理能力、机动能力、人员素质等对战场抢修的影响程度,用指数法建立了战场抢修能力预测模型,给出了计算实例,验证了算法的实用性和合理性,为战场抢修指挥决策和模拟仿真系统的优化设计提供理论依据。     

气动不平衡式发射装置气水回收过程仿真与分析

当潜艇使用气动不平衡式发射装置发射鱼雷时,无泡系统的气水回收过程对潜艇的隐蔽性与艇体均衡均有直接影响。为了对无泡系统气水回收过程进行研究,建立了无泡系统的定时调节器、无泡气瓶、泄放阀等各组成部件的数学模型,并结合已有的气动不平衡发射系统的数学模型,进行了无泡系统气水回收过程的仿真。仿真结果与实际回收海水量的结果对比表明,所建立的模型基本正确,可用于气动不平衡式发射装置无泡系统的分析与论证。     

松香及其改性产品在助焊剂中的应用现状

综述了国内外用于助焊剂中的多种松香产品及其特性,包括松香、精制松香、氢化松香、歧化松香、聚合松香、松香多元酸、松香酯以及松香胺等,并展望了在助焊剂领域松香改性研究的前景。     

Improvement in flame retardancy of polyurethane dispersions by newer reactive flame retardant

A novel phosphorus containing reactive flame retardant was synthesized and incorporated successfully in polyurethane backbone to obtain flame retardant aqueous polyurethane dispersions (FRPUDs). The reactive flame retardant compound was synthesized by using phosphorus oxychloride (1 mole) and N-methylaminoethanol (3 mole). The structure of synthesized phosphorus containing triol was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ³¹P NMR spectrometry. Further, polyurethane prepolymer was modified with phosphorus containing triol compound in various amounts (30, 40 and 50% on equivalent basis) and FRPUDs were prepared. PUD films were applied on wood and mild steel panels and air dried. It was then characterized for mechanical, chemical, thermal and flame retardant properties. It was observed that all FRPUDs exhibited good mechanical properties and improved flame retardancy as compared to the conventional one. The maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 37 was obtained for FRPUD containing 0.8 mass% of phosphorus and 1 mass% of nitrogen. The flame retardancy was greatly depending on the phosphorus content and increased with increase in phosphorus content.     

Insights into biological delignification of rice straw by Trametes hirsuta and Myrothecium roridum and comparison of saccharification yields with dilute acid pretreatment

Rice straw is the most abundant agricultural residue on a global scale and is widely available as feedstock for cellulosic fuel production. However, it is highly recalcitrant to biochemical deconstruction and also generates inhibitors that affect enzymatic saccharification. Rice straw from eastern Arkansas was subjected to dilute acid pretreatment (160 °C, 48 min and 1.0% sulfuric acid) and solid-state fermentation with two lignocellulolytic fungi, Trametes hirsuta and Myrothecium roridum, and their saccharification efficacies were compared. T. hirsuta and M. roridum were tested separately; pretreatment of rice straw with either strain for seven days resulted in 19 and 70% enrichment of its holocellulose content, respectively. However, liquid chromatography analysis of the alkali extracts showed significant differences in cell wall degradation by T. hirsuta and M. roridum. T. hirsuta removed 15% more phenolic compounds and 38% more glucan than M. roridum, while M. roridum removed 77% more xylan than T. hirsuta. Fungal and dilute acid pretreated biomass was then hydrolyzed using Accellerase^® 1500, a saccharification cocktail. Saccharification efficiency of M. roridum was 37% higher than that of dilute acid pretreatment of rice straw, requiring 8% lower enzyme loading and 50% shorter enzymatic hydrolysis duration. Alkali extraction of fungal pretreated biomass also yielded 10–15 g kg⁻¹ of acid precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), which is a valuable co-product for biorefineries. In comparison to dilute acid pretreatment, fungal pretreatment could be a cost-effective alternative for the degradation of recalcitrant biomass, such as rice straw.     

中医药临床研究电子数据管理特点及标准操作规程的制定

电子数据管理具有节约成本、缩短研发周期、提高数据质量等优势,已逐步成为临床研究数据采集与管理的主流形式,规范开展电子数据管理工作是提高中医药临床研究质量的重要措施。本文介绍了临床研究电子数据管理标准操作规程(standard operating procedure, SOP)的作用、制定原则、一般体例、制定流程、SOP的管理与培训以及实际工作中常用的SOP,最后讨论了中医药临床研究电子数据管理的特点及难点,并给出了建议的解决措施。     

Preparation and polymerization of isopimaric acid derivatives

Isopimaric acid is a typical rosin compound and can account for 30% of the total mass of slash pine rosin. The molecular structure of isopimaric acid derivatives features an unsaturated double bond at the C13 position, opening up the possibility of their industrial polymerization. In this study, isopimaric acid (95.4%), methyl isopimarate (99.5%), and allyl isopimarate (95.1%) were prepared as highly pure monomers. New experimental results are presented and mechanisms based on the investigation of free-radical polymerization under UV irradiation are proposed. New rosin monomers for potential value-added utilization of woody biomass are also identified. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47817.