花椰菜中异硫氰酸酯提取物抗氧化活性研究(英文)

Isothiocyanates(ITCs) extracts were prepared from fresh broccoli.Their antioxidant properties were evaluated by using the in vitro bioassays,including superoxide anion radical( 2 O·-) ,hydroxyl radical(HO·-) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl(DPPH·) radical-scavenging methods,lipid peroxidation assay,and reducing power assay.The ITCs extracts exhibited significant dose-dependent antioxidant activities(P0.01) .Its antioxidant-stability was affected by temperature and storage condition,although it was more stable than vitamin C(Vc) .GC-MS iden-tified sulforaphane in the ITCs extracts.The antioxidant activity of sulforaphane was approximately one tenth to one fifth of that of Vc.Sulforaphane was experimented to be one of dominating contributors to antioxidant capacity of ITCs extracts.However,there was no direct antioxidant activity found for benzyl isothiocyanate(BITC) in vitro. Therefore,it could be concluded that the general group(-N=C=S) was not the essential part for the antioxidant activity of sulforaphane.It is suggested that the ITCs extracts from broccoli can be developed into a promising food additive for healthy food.     

限制性气调冷藏嫩茎花椰菜的研究

以嫩茎花椰菜为原料,研究了冷藏和限制性气调条件对贮藏中维生素C、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、好果率和硬度的影响。结果表明,在2℃,气体成分为O2 3%,CO2 2%,N2 95%,贮藏28d后好果率在84%左右。温度对贮藏的影响大于气调的作用,延长贮藏期的关键是抑制花蕾开放和黄化。     

臭氧在鲜切西兰花保鲜中应用的研究

本实验用臭氧水对鲜切西兰花进行浸泡处理,以探讨其对鲜切西兰花表面微生物的杀灭作用及对鲜切西兰花贮藏过程中品质的影响。实验结果表明,臭氧水浸泡处理能有效控制鲜切西兰花表面的微生物,并降低多酚氧化酶活性,保护VC,抑制叶绿素的降解,但对还原糖有一定的影响。其中浓度为2.40×10-6的臭氧水处理使菌落总数降低了一个数量级,酶活降低40%,在贮藏末期叶绿素含量比对照高53%。     

Determination and Health Implication of the Erucic Acid Content of Broccoli Florets, Sprouts, and Seeds

The erucic acid content of broccoli florets, sprouts, and seeds was found to be about 0.8, 320, and 12100 mg/100 g, respectively. Using the erucic acid limit established for canola oil in the U.S.A. and Canada as a guideline, the estimated dietary intake of erucic acid from florets and sprouts was considered of little consequence, whereas in seeds a relatively small amount (about 35 g/wk) equaled our calculated exposure limit for erucic acid. Additionally, the most complete fatty acid distribution yet published for the various forms of broccoli are presented.     

Ethylene Absorbent to Maintain Quality of Lightly Processed Fruits and Vegetables

Ethylene had an undesirable effect on the quality of kiwifruits, bananas, broccoli, and spinach leaves that were prepared and stored as lightly processed products. A 2.or 20 ppm ethylene treatment hastened the softening of the pulp of kiwifruits and bananas held at 20°C. Use of charcoal with palladium chloride, as ethylene absorbent, prevented the accumulation of the ethylene and was effective in reducing the rate of softening in kiwifruits and bananas and of chlorophyll loss in spinach leaves, but not in broccoli.     

β-Carotene and Ascorbic Acid Retention in Fresh and Processed Vegetables

Broccoli, carrots, and green beans (grown in 2 consecutive years) were randomly divided into 3 treatments: fresh-refrigerated (F-R), frozen (FZ) or canned (C) (carrots only). FZ or C vegetables were processed within 24 h and stored for up to 1 yr. F-R vegetables were held at 4 °C for 3 wk (broccoli and green beans) or 6 mo (carrots). Trans b-carotene (Tb-C) and total ascorbic acid (AA) were determined at specified times, before and after microwave cooking. Vitamin content differed between years due to environmental conditions. Blanching resulted in AA loss, but retention remained stable after freezing broccoli and green beans. F-R green beans lost >90% AA after 16 d storage. Linear decreases in AAwere found in most F-R or FZ vegetables. Tb-C decreased slightly during freezer storage. Reductions in Tb-C occurred in canned carrots. Microwave cooking had minimal effects on AA or Tb-C.     

鲜切西兰花在贮藏过程中自身抗氧化活性的变化

目的研究鲜切西兰花在4℃条件下贮藏14 d内自身抗氧化活性的变化。方法采用DPPH体系、Fenton体系和还原体系研究鲜切西兰花在贮藏期间抗氧化能力的变化。同时还测定了与西兰花抗氧化能力有关的营养成分与酶活性的变化,包括总酚和VC、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。结果鲜切西兰花在贮藏期间总抗氧化能力在贮藏前12 d呈逐渐上升状态,之后缓慢降低;清除羟自由基的能力很高,但在贮藏期内呈先缓慢降低后回升的趋势;还原能力在贮藏前10 d呈上升趋势,之后大幅度降低。总酚和APX活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势;VC含量从80 mg/100 g降低到60 mg/100 g,之后变化不大;CAT活性和SOD活性在贮藏前期呈现降低趋势,中期回升,后期又逐渐降低。结论鲜切西兰花的抗氧化能力在8~12 d期间较高。     

大麦若叶西兰花酸奶的制备工艺优化

为了增加大麦若叶和西兰花的利用新途径,同时增加酸奶的保健价值,该研究中将以大麦若叶、西兰花、脱脂奶粉为主要原料,制作了大麦若叶西兰花酸奶。并且通过单因素试验以及正交试验对大麦若叶西兰花酸的工艺和配方进行优化,同时对不同工艺和配方下的酸奶的质构进行探究分析,最后还将对大麦若叶西兰花酸奶的抗氧化性和酸度进行研究。研究结果表明,大麦若叶西兰花酸奶的最佳配方为：以复原乳为基准,大麦若叶汁15%,西兰花汁12%,蔗糖7%,发酵剂接种量为0.6%,发酵时间为6 h,明胶添加量为0.1%。最终产品保留了大麦若叶西兰花二者的营养成分,凝乳均匀,无乳清析出,淡淡的青麦味,酸甜合适,色泽饱满,酸奶的硬度为191.7 gf、胶着性为79.4 gf、黏聚性为0.39,同时抗氧化活性大大提高,酸度符合国家标准。