迷迭香在烹调肉类食物中的应用研究

文章依据传统烹饪技艺,详细论述了3种肉类菜肴的工艺流程和关键点,重点研究添加速迭香前后3种肉类菜肴的品质差异.实验结果表明,速迭香的抗氧化性可以改善肉质的颜色和质感,所含挥发性物质可以改善肉类食品的风味.     

再论甜菊糖苷的甜度、甜味和苦涩后味的成因机理

从分子化学结构角度出发,再一次论述分析了甜度、甜味与苷元的C连接部位和糖基种类、葡糖基数的关系;论证了甜菊糖苷甜味带苦涩后味的根本原因和事实,并详尽列出应用文献。     

A Study on Characteristic Flavor Compounds in Traditional Chinese Rice Wine — Guyue Longshan Rice Wine

The objective of the study was to systematically investigate flavor compounds in Chinese rice wine (CRW) using chromatography technology. In twelve CRW samples, 93 different flavor compounds were detected and identified including 16 alcohols in addition to ethanol, 29 esters, 9 aldehydes, 9 organic acids, 19 amino acids and 11 fatty acids. Statistical analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that seventeen flavor compounds in Guyue Longshan rice wine made a large contribution to its special flavor. These compounds were benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethyl 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylvalerate, ethyl butyrate, phenyl ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl phenyl‐acetate, methyl dodecanoate, methyl oleate, ethyl dedecanoate, 1‐butanol, 3‐ethoxyl‐1‐propanol, 1‐enanthol, dodecanol, lactic acid, fumaric acid and lauric acid.     

用HPLC法测定国内反应香精中的4,8-DiMeIQx和PhIP

建立同时测定反应香精中2-胺基-3,4,8-三甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-F]喹喔啉(4,8-DiMeIQx)和2-胺基-1-甲基-6-苯基咪唑[4,5-b]嘧啶(PhIP)的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。用强酸水解反应香精,在碱性环境下用二氯甲烷萃取分析物,弱酸净化。以乙腈和pH3.44的醋酸-醋酸胺缓冲溶液梯度洗脱,264 nm(测定4,8-DiMeIQx)和312 nm(测定PhIP)双波长扫描,进行高效液相色谱检测。4,8-DiMeIQx和PhIP在反应香精中的检出限均为0.01 mg/L;加标回收率分别为87.25%和102%。用该法对国内不同公司的不同产品进行检验适用性良好。     

How Maillard Reaction Influences Sensorial Properties (Color,Flavor and Texture) of Food Products?

ABSTRACT

Maillard reaction products are largely responsible for the development of color, taste and especially aroma of thermally treated food. For this reason, our review focused on gathering literature from the last 10 years about the influence of the Maillard reaction products formation on food acceptance in aspects of color, texture and flavor. Maillard reaction products have a characteristic odor note and can significantly positively or negatively influence the sensory acceptance of a product. For example, pyrazines and thiols were found in most cases as the most potential odor compounds formed in MR. Another important aspect of high sensorial acceptability is food color. Color development of thermally treated products is mainly attributed to the formation of brown polymers called melanoidins. It was also noted that the increasing concentration of “probably carcinogenic and mutagenic” acrylamide is related to the darker color of a product. Not much attention is focused on the connection between Maillard reaction products formation and textural properties. Therefore, textural properties have been mostly investigated in meat products. Changes in the texture of meat products were estimated as the difference in linkage formations between proteins and polysaccharides.     

L-苯丙氨酸参与的Amadori化合物的合成及其在卷烟中的应用

研究了L-苯丙氨酸参与的Amadori化合物的合成反应条件,及该产物对卷烟吸味的影响。结果表明,用乙醇、丙二醇作溶剂,D-木糖或D-果糖作反应物,反应物配比为1∶3所得的Amadori产物对烟草的作用效果较明显。利用裂解-气/质联用仪（PYROLYSIS-GC/MS）测定了L-苯丙氨酸与木糖反应生成的Amadori化合物在300℃下裂解产生的多种致香成分,证实了L-苯丙氨酸与还原糖生成的Amadori化合物能改善卷烟制品的抽吸效果。     

黄山头大曲酒独特醇甜型风格成因初探

从黄山头酒业所处地理位置的自然生态环境、有机原料基地的建设、生产工艺特点、民俗习惯、现代生物技术的应用与传统工艺的改进、酒体微量成分与人体健康等六个方面探讨了黄山头大曲酒的＂绵、甜、爽、净、香＂风格特征的成因。决定黄山头大曲酒醇甜型风格的六大主要因素为自然生态环境、原辅料、微生物区系、糖化发酵剂、酿酒工艺、储存设备与环境。     

Influence of Flavor on Goat Feeding Preferences

Goat feeding preferences for straw pellets flavored with ryegrass (Lolium perenne, cv. Belida) or white clover (Trifolium repens, cv. Huia) aromatic extracts, obtained by means of a cold aromatic extraction method, were assessed with cafeteria trials. Prior to the trials, odor differences between the two plant species, the two aromatic extracts, and the straw pellets sprayed with the two aromatic extracts were verified using sensory analysis performed by 30 human panelists. Since odor differences observed among fresh samples were still detectable in aromatic extracts and moistened pellets, the extraction method was considered effective in reproducing plant odors. Straw pellets sprayed with either distilled water (W) or ryegrass (R) or clover (C) aromatic extracts were used to assess flavor preferences of 12 female Rossa Mediterranea goats. Sprayed pellet preference was evaluated in two sessions conducted in two consecutive weeks. Each session consisted of three two-choice presentations performed on three consecutive days. In both sessions, food intake, proportion of food intake, time spent feeding, and proportion of time spent feeding were significantly affected by pellet type (0.05 > P > 0.001). In particular, straw pellets sprayed with ryegrass extract were highly selected compared to those sprayed with clover (0.01 > P > 0.001) or water (0.01 > P > 0.001). In addition, in the second session, the clover extract was preferred to distilled water (0.05 > P > 0.01). The results of this study gave two main indications: first, goat selectivity for ryegrass against clover was consistent even when straw pellets sprayed with odors of these plants were offered, and secondly, the addition of aromatic extracts to straw pellets increased the preference for pellets.