Effects of ultrasound-assisted resting on the qualities of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles

The effects of resting under ultrasonic treatment on the properties of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles were investigated. Compared with the control group, the resting time to reach the maximum breaking force and extensibility of whole wheat dough sheets treated with ultrasound was shortened by 20 min. The proportion of strongly bound water (T₂₁) decreased, while the proportion of weakly bound water (T₂₂) increased during resting, and the ultrasonic treatment could accelerate this moisture redistribution in the dough. The extent of the increase in gluten macropolymer and the decrease in –SH content of ultrasound-treated wheat dough was higher than that of the control one during the initial 5–15 min resting, which could be related to the improvement of whole wheat dough extensibility. Whole wheat noodles showed a better breaking distance for 10 min of ultrasonic-assisted resting. Ultrasonic treatment could be used to reduce the resting time of whole wheat dough sheets and improve the texture properties of noodles.     

两种脱水工艺对延长半干面保质期的影响研究

主要研究两种脱水工艺[提高脱水温度(105、115、125、135℃)和高加水延长脱水时间(205、240、290、330 s)]对半干面保质期及品质特性(蒸煮、质构、色泽、热力学特性)的影响。通过测定含菌量变化、蒸煮、质构特性、颜色和热力学特征指标,研究不同脱水工艺对保质期的影响,并优化最佳工艺。结果表明:提高脱水温度(105℃至135℃)可以显著(P<0.05)降低半干面初始霉菌酵母数及嗜热菌数,而延长脱水时间(205 s至330 s)可使半干面初始菌落总数降低1.57 lgCFU/g;125℃脱水和290 s脱水可以使半干面保质期分别延长20 d和30 d。其次,研究了上述两种脱水工艺对半干面的蒸煮、质构、颜色及热力学特性的影响。结果表明提高脱水温度会增大半干面的蒸煮损失、硬度、L*值,降低ΔH,而延长脱水时间则增大半干面的吸水率、Tp和Tc,降低L*值。扫描电镜结果显示两种脱水工艺均会不同程度地破坏半干面的微观结构。综合考虑,290 s脱水处理的半干面各指标较好。     

固相萃取结合气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定方便面中16种多环芳烃

建立固相萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定方便面中16种多环芳烃的方法。方便面样品用正己烷和乙腈-丙酮提取,经Oasis HLB和Florisil柱两步净化,气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱检测。在试验浓度范围内,线性关系良好,各种多环芳烃的定量限在0.03μg/kg^0.54μg/kg之间。在不同的加标浓度下,加标回收率在75%~129%之间,相对标准偏差小于13.4%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于大批量样品中多环芳烃的快速测定。     

TSP与SPH复合物对面团特性及面条品质的影响机制

为了减少大豆水解蛋白(soy protein hydrolyzate,SPH)对面筋网络的弱化作用,将质构化大豆蛋白(texturized soy protein,TSP)与SPH(水解度为4.54%)复配后添加到面粉中(TSP、SPH替代面粉的量分别为6.0%、2.2%),比较面条品质、面筋特性、粉质特性、动态流变学特性等变化。与原面粉相比,添加TSP-SPH的面粉制成的面条弹性降低,面团的弱化度减小,评价值增大,干、湿面筋含量分别降至5.10%和15.65%,面筋指数增至89.24%;TSP-SPH面团的储能模量和损耗模量增大,损耗因子减小,面筋蛋白中的麦谷蛋白大聚体含量显著增加。结果表明,TSP-SPH通过二硫键与面筋蛋白相互作用,面团内部交联结构增加,一定程度缓解了SPH对面筋网络的弱化作用。     

超高效液相色谱法检测方便面中叶黄素

目的 建立超高效液相色谱检测方便面中叶黄素的方法。方法 方便面样品中的叶黄素用石油醚提取, 涡旋离心, 过膜, 供超高效液相色谱检测。紫外检测器检测波长为445 nm, 采用外标法定量。结果 叶黄素在0.5~10.0 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.9945, 方法检出限为0.1 mg/kg, 平均回收率为82.1%~105.3%, 相对标准偏差为6.5%~12.2%。结论 本方法操作简便、经济实用、结果准确可靠, 可用于方便面中叶黄素的批量检测。     

Moisture profiles of wheat noodles containing hydroxypropylated tapioca starch

Wheat noodles were prepared using flour to which hydroxypropylated tapioca starch was added, and the effect of this addition on the moisture distribution within the noodles during cooking was examined using a digital image processing technique. The addition of the modified starch slightly increased the moisture content and narrowed the flat distribution near the noodle surface. The distribution features reflected the changes in the water absorption behaviour caused by the properties of the modified starch and the reduction in the gluten content. Addition of the modified starch lowered Young's modulus and the energy for 99% strain of the noodles in the texture analysis to, at maximum 35% and 65%, and decreased the breakability of the noodles. These changes in the moisture distribution and textural properties have been ascribed to changes in both the state of the starch granules near the surface and the structure of the gluten network.     

电子束辐照对生湿面条杀菌效果及品质影响的研究

为减少防腐剂的使用，并延长生湿面条的货架期，利用电子束辐照处理生湿面条，研究其对生湿面条杀菌效果及品质的影响。结果表明：电子束辐照对细菌和霉菌的杀菌效果明显（P<0.05），D₁₀值(杀死90%微生物所需的辐照剂量)分别为1.64 kGy和2.53 kGy。生湿面条的明度值L*显著提高（P<0.05），2~5 kGy下辐照生湿面条的黄度值b*明显降低（P<0.05）。电子束辐照处理后的生湿面条中水分含量和蒸煮吸水率变化不显著（P>0.05），1~3 kGy蒸煮损失率显著降低（P<0.05）。1~3 kGy电子束辐照处理后的生湿面条硬度无显著变化（P>0.05），5 kGy时咀嚼性显著提高（P<0.05），1 kGy时黏性显著降低（P<0.05），弹性变化不显著（P>0.05）。以上结果表明，电子束辐照对生湿面条杀菌效果显著，4 kGy以下对品质影响不大。     

直接挤出制备米粉(线)工艺的优化

为了获得直接挤压制备米粉(线)的最适工艺参数,采用响应面(RSM)方法设计试验方案,对挤压机挤压制作米粉的工艺参数进行优化分析。研究原料含水量、机筒温度、螺杆转速对米粉糊化度的影响。结果表明:3个因素对糊化度影响大小依次为机筒Ⅲ区温度>螺杆转速>原料含水量。通过响应面分析得出挤压米粉最佳工艺:原料含水量35.1%,Ⅲ区温度102℃,螺杆转速117 r/min。在此条件下,米粉糊化度为92.1。与3种市售产品对比,自制米粉在硬度、糊化度、咀嚼性和感官品质方面达到了市售产品平均水平。     

可得然胶对面团及面条品质的影响

可得然胶是一种发酵多糖类物质,具有良好的凝胶特性。通过在小麦粉中加入可得然胶,测定面团的粉质、拉伸特性、糊化特性及面条的质构、蒸煮损失等指标,研究可得然胶对面团与面条品质的影响。结果表明:可得然胶对于面团特性具有一定的改良作用,但由于它只有在加热时才能充分地形成凝胶,所以改良程度不是很明显;对小麦粉的糊化特性没有改良作用;对面条的品质具有较明显的改良作用,它可以明显地降低面条的蒸煮断条率与弯曲断条率,对面条的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性与剪切强度等质构指标有较明显的改良作用;可得然胶适合在面条生产中应用,最佳使用量应为小麦粉用量的0.2%。     

Black rice bran as an ingredient in noodles: chemical and functional evaluation

This study examined the feasibility of using black rice bran (BRB) as an ingredient of noodles and evaluated the effect of BRB incorporation in noodles in terms of chemical and functional attributes. Noodles were prepared with BRB as an ingredient at different levels (2%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Addition of BRB (5%, 10%, and 15%) significantly decreased the cohesiveness of noodles in texture evaluation. Noodles with different levels of BRB were functionally evaluated and content of polyphenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were improved compared to the control. Additionally, antioxidant activity of BRB noodles was increased compared to the control. BRB can be an excellent ingredient to increase the nutritional value and antioxidant properties of noodles.