Heterogeneously Catalyzed Methanolysis of Gmelina Seed Oil to Biodiesel

The heterogeneous catalysis of transesterification of gmelina seed oil to biodiesel is evaluated. The oil was extracted from the seeds with n‐hexane by solvent extraction and characterized to determine its physiochemical properties. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the effect of process variables on the biodiesel yield. The base‐activated clay catalyst performed as montmorillonite clay with the characteristic property of a Brønsted acid. It has an improved surface area after activation that enhanced its catalytic activity on transesterification reaction. Under optimal conditions, the biodiesel yield was 70.1 %, thus demonstrating that the model predicted well the biodiesel production.     

基于主成分分析法的熟化菠萝蜜种子品质评价

以菠萝蜜种子为原料,研究水煮、汽蒸、焙烤3种熟化方式对其感官品质、色泽、质构、糊化度、基本营养含量、脂肪酶抑制率、质量损失率和微观结构的影响,并对其品质指标进行主成分分析。结果表明:水煮、汽蒸、焙烤3种熟化方式对不同指标有较大影响,水煮方式糊化度最高且质量损失率最大;焙烤显著加深菠萝蜜种子色泽且脂肪酶抑制率最大;汽蒸熟化后菠萝蜜种子感官评分最高;通过主成分分析可知,焙烤方式获得的品质评价综合得分最高,可作为菠萝蜜种子预熟化的较优选择。     

榨前微波处理对油茶粕活性成分及抗氧化性的影响

通过不同微波功率和时间辐射油茶籽,测定油茶粕中茶皂素、蛋白质、粗多糖、总酚、糠氨酸含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力的变化规律,研究榨前微波处理对油茶粕活性成分及抗氧化性的影响。结果表明:随微波加热时间延长,低功率(245、420 W)微波处理油茶籽后,油茶粕中茶皂素含量稍有上升,随后下降;较高功率(560、700 W)微波处理后,茶皂素含量呈上升趋势;微波处理对油茶粕中蛋白质含量影响不大;微波处理后油茶粕中粗多糖含量整体呈下降趋势,但420、560、700 W处理20、5、10 min后含量分别比初始升高66.9%、79.6%和116.0%;微波处理后油茶粕中总酚含量呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势,且微波功率越高,总酚含量越高;微波功率较低(245 W)时,糠氨酸含量先降低后略有升高,微波功率较高(420、560、700 W)时,糠氨酸含量先升高后降低。245 W和700 W微波功率处理时油茶粕对DPPH自由基清除率先升高后降低,560 W时呈整体上升趋势,420 W呈波动状态。     

葵花籽粕综合利用研究进展

葵花籽粕是葵花籽提油后的副产品。葵花籽粕蛋白品质优,各氨基酸组成平衡,此外葵花籽粕中还含有绿原酸、黄酮等多种活性物质,营养价值高,具有广阔的应用前景。从葵花籽粕作为原料提取有效成分及作为饲料用原料两方面对葵花籽粕资源的综合利用情况进行了阐述,以期为葵花籽粕的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

Chia Seed Oil Prevents High Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Mice

Hyperlipidemia is a common cardiovascular disease. At present, the influence of high fat diet (HFD) on this is being explored. Recently, vegetable oils rich in omega‐3 have been reported that can treat hyperlipidemia caused by HFD. However, the effects of chia seed oil (CSO) on HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress are poorly studied. Hence, in this study, the effects of CSO on hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress induced by HFD in mice are analyzed by various commercial kits, section staining, and protein expression. The results show that CSO decreases body weight and organ index. Meanwhile, CSO reduces serum lipid levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. It can also elevate superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduce malondialdehyde content in serum and liver. The results of histopathological analysis prove that CSO improves hepatic steatosis and reduces lipid deposition. Further, the results of western blot demonstrate that CSO upregulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a in the liver. As a result, CSO may be a potential lipid‐lowering oil to prevent and treat HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. Practical Applications CSO, as a byproduct of chia seed processing, is a rich source of α‐linolenic acid. This study investigates the effects of CSO on HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in mice. It is concluded that dietary CSO can improve the hyperlipidemia in HFD‐induced mice via analysis of lipid parameters, histopathology study of the liver, and lipid metabolism related genes. In addition, supplementation of CSO also can improve the oxidative stress in mice. Therefore, CSO can be used for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. This research provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of functional chia seed oil.     

Associations between Oil Yield and Profile of Fatty Acids,Sterols, Squalene,Carotenoids, and Tocopherols in Seed Oil of Selected Japanese Quince Genotypes during Fruit Development

Tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, and squalene are present in mature seeds of Japanese quince. Yet, little is known about the relationship between these compounds and oil yield during fruit and seed development. The profile change of lipophilic compounds during fruit and seed development in Japanese quince cultivars “Darius,” “Rondo,” and “Rasa” is investigated. It is shown here that during fruit and seed development, there is a significant reduction, three‐ to over tenfold, in the concentration of minor bioactive compounds in seed oil. It is recorded that delay between synthesis of tocopherols and oil in Japanese quince seeds during the fruit development results in a logarithmic relationship between the oil content and tocopherols concentration in the seed oil (R² = 0.980). Similar trends are observed between oil yield and phytosterols, and carotenoids (R² = 0.927 and R² = 0.959, respectively). The profile of fatty acids during the development of the seeds significantly is changed. The reduction of linoleic, palmitic, and gondoic acids levels and increment of oleic acid is noted. The oil content, profile of fatty acids, and concentration of bioactive compounds in all three genotypes of Japanese quince do not change significantly statistically during the last month of fruit development. Practical Applications: Some fruits are harvested at different degrees of maturity mainly due to a logistic issue and uneven ripening of fruits, which affects the chemical composition of whole fruit including seeds. Therefore, it would be good to know how the chemical composition is changing in plant material during development especially in the last month before harvest. Production of Japanese quince continues to rise year to year and with it the volume of generated by‐products such as seeds. This study demonstrates how it changes the oil content, profile of fatty acid, and concentration of tocopherols, squalene, phytosterols, and carotenoids in the seeds and seed oil of three Japanese quince cultivars “Rondo,” “Darius,” and “Rasa” during plant development. The provided information can be very useful for the manufactories oriented on the processing of by‐products, mainly seeds, generated by other branches of industry, for instance, fruit‐processing.     

抗冲ACR树脂的合成及其性能评价

采用种子乳液聚合法,以丙烯酸丁酯为核层单体、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳层单体、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯为交联剂制备了抗冲ACR树脂。考察了不同加料方式对ACR乳液粒径及对PVC冲击性能的影响,结果表明:连续滴加方式可实现乳液粒径的稳定控制,并能得到性能优异的抗冲ACR树脂。     

Vacuum impregnation of chitosan‐based edible coating in minimally processed pumpkin

The goal of this research was to evaluate the use of vacuum impregnation (VI) and soaking techniques (ST) in the application of edible coatings of chitosan and chitosan + lauric acid to minimally processed pumpkins (MPP). The vacuum impregnation method led to greater component incorporation (5.9% and 1.75%, respectively) in the pumpkins when compared to soaking and consequently the formation of more uniform, thicker coatings (25.6 and 22.3 μm, respectively). However, VI caused greater changes in pH, acidity, colour and firmness. Relating to water content and carotenoid content, noncoated pumpkins presented greater losses during the storage period, regardless of impregnation method. The pumpkins with edible coatings, regardless of method, presented lower numbers of psychrotrophic micro‐organisms and coliforms during the storage period. Therefore, soaking was considered the best method for the application of chitosan‐based edible coatings to minimally processed pumpkins, as it led to smaller changes in the properties of the product.     

Facile synthesis of asymmetric patchy Janus Ag/Cu particles and study of their antifungal activity

Asymmetric patchy Ag/Cu Janus nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via a “seed-mediated” approach. This is the first report of synthesis of nanometer sized metal-based Janus NPs without using complicated methods. Selective adsorption of the surfactant onto the seed NPs leads to the formation of Janus type structure. Subsequently the reduction potential of Ag⁺/Ag⁰ and Cu²⁺/Cu⁰ systems directs the formation of the “patch”. The patchy Janus NPs show significant antifungal activity towards a potent rice pathogen thus offering the prospect of future application in crop protection.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定薏苡仁药材中黄曲霉毒素

目的建立高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(high performance liquid chromatography-masss pectrometer,HPLC-MS)测定薏苡仁中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2的方法,并对比不同产地薏苡仁中黄曲霉毒素含量。方法样品经过免疫亲合柱处理后,采用HPLC-MS进行测定。分析柱为C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8μm),流动相为10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液-甲醇溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为25℃。结果黄曲霉毒素B_1在0.26～10.4ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9995),平均加样回收率为75.4%～123.9%,黄曲霉毒素B2在0.0875～3.5 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9996),平均加样回收率为71.1%～124.2%,黄曲霉毒素G_1在0.295～11.89 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9995),平均加样回收率为78.9%～112.2%,黄曲霉毒素G2在0.1475～5.9 ng/mL浓度范围内与峰面积值均呈现良好的线性关系(r~2=0.9992),平均加样回收率为73.8%～123.9%。结论该方法准确、可靠、专属性强,通过精确化合物离子监测,可准确的测定薏苡仁中黄曲霉毒素含量。