A comprehensive review of image analysis methods for microorganism counting: from classical image processing to deep learning approaches

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play essential roles in many application fields, like biotechnique, medical technique and industrial domain. Microorganism counting techniques are crucial in microorganism analysis, helping biologists and related researchers quantitatively analyze the microorganisms and calculate their characteristics, such as biomass concentration and biological activity. However, traditional microorganism manual counting methods, such as plate counting method, hemocytometry and turbidimetry, are time-consuming, subjective and need complex operations, which are difficult to be applied in large-scale applications. In order to improve this situation, image analysis is applied for microorganism counting since the 1980s, which consists of digital image processing, image segmentation, image classification and suchlike. Image analysis-based microorganism counting methods are efficient comparing with traditional plate counting methods. In this article, we have studied the development of microorganism counting methods using digital image analysis. Firstly, the microorganisms are grouped as bacteria and other microorganisms. Then, the related articles are summarized based on image segmentation methods. Each part of the article is reviewed by methodologies. Moreover, commonly used image processing methods for microorganism counting are summarized and analyzed to find common technological points. More than 144 papers are outlined in this article. In conclusion, this paper provides new ideas for the future development trend of microorganism counting, and provides systematic suggestions for implementing integrated microorganism counting systems in the future. Researchers in other fields can refer to the techniques analyzed in this paper.

     

原位固氮剂在污泥堆肥过程中保氮机制

高温好氧堆肥技术虽然可有效处理有机固体废物，但常常会释放大量的氨气和造成氮素损失。本文以硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸镁+磷酸二氢钾（分别记为MgSO₄、KP和KPM处理组）为原位固氮剂，污泥和木屑为原料，进行高温好氧堆肥试验，研究以上原位固氮剂对污泥堆肥过程中的氨气挥发和氮素损失的影响。结果表明，硫酸镁（MgSO₄）对物料pH有显著的降低效应，添加硫酸镁使堆体高温期pH降低至8.17，低于硫酸镁+磷酸二氢钾（KPM）组（8.55）和对照（CK）组（8.90）。与CK相比，MgSO₄和KPM的NH₃累积释放量分别降低了34%和28%，反而KP组增加了35%。对比不同条件下XRD图谱可知，MgSO₄的固氮效应并不是由于MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O的生成，而是由于其对pH的降低效应造成的。堆肥结束后，除了KP组，各处理条件下的种子发芽率值（germination index，GI）均不会对后续使用带来不利影响。     

MGC,consumers’ engagement with MGC,WOM and consumers’ purchase intention: the case of Weibo platform

Information Systems and e-Business Management - Nowadays, consumers spend more time on and pay more attention to information on social media. Thus, firms are constantly concerned if...     

BIM+GIS的综合管廊智慧管控一体平台应用探索

本文以综合管廊为管理对象,基于BIM+GIS,综合运用物联网技术、分布式光纤传感技术、PLC控制技术、大数据挖掘技术、室内高精度定位等关键技术,根据综合管廊在运维阶段的管理需求,全面整合管廊内部的各类实时和非实时数据资源,提供管廊的信息化和智慧化管理,为管廊内部空间的合理规划利用、管廊环境和内部设备的监测维护、应急管理的决策指挥提供技术支撑。并以某管廊的实际应用为例,说明智慧管控一体化平台在综合管廊运维阶段的应用效果。     

A novel polysaccharide prepared from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Fubaiju tea and its emulsifying properties

In this study, a novel chrysanthemum polysaccharide (CP) was obtained and investigated from Chrysanthemum morifolium tea in Hubei province, China. Molecular characterisation and emulsifying properties of the CP were elucidated. The effects of different factors, including storage time, metal ions, pH value and heat treatment, were studied on the stability of emulsion. Results showed that the mean particle diameter (MPD) (d₃₂) varied from 5.54 to 0.49 μm with the polysaccharide concentration ranging from 0.5wt% to 3.0wt%. The MPD (d₃₂) of emulsions stabilised by chrysanthemum tea polysaccharide (ECP) was smaller than that of GA at 2wt%, and the MPD (d₃₂) of ECP remained stable with no stratification occurred at 25 °C for 10 days. ECP also showed good stability under acidic conditions (3.0–7.0). With increase of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration, MPD(d₃₂) and zeta potential values raised significantly, from 2.24 to 7.24 μm and from −40.52 to −35.35 mV respectively. After high-temperature heat treatment, MPD (d₃₂) and zeta potential showed no significant change, indicating ECP presented good storage stability. In conclusion, CP helped stabilised emulsions that could be used as a natural emulsifier for future application.     

基于Agent的信任的情感劝说决策模型

基于智能体(Agent)的信任的情感劝说能更好地发挥Agent的各项人工智能优势。针对其中决策模型建立不够的现状,首先基于Agent的自身性格、情感衰减及外界刺激,运用大五性格、OCC情感模型及情感强度第一定律等,构建了相应的情感强度算法;其次考虑交易质量对信任的反馈,综合运用语言评价法、三角模糊数及将模糊数转换为具体分数(CFCS)算法,对Agent的交易质量进行模糊化和去模糊化处理,构建了相应的交易质量算法;再次对已有的信任更新因子进行改进后,构建了Agent的信任更新算法;最后在构建以上算法的基础上,采用交互式多准则决策(TODIM)法建立了基于Agent的信任的情感劝说决策模型,并采用熵权法对模型中的属性权重进行设定。为验证以上研究的合理性和有效性,设计了相应算例进行阐述,分析了不同参数取不同值得到的决策结果,并与相关研究进行了比较分析,得出了相应结论和管理启示,进一步归纳了不足之处和未来研究方向。     

A1与A2 β-酪蛋白酸奶产品特性的比较

探究分别含有A1、A2两种β-酪蛋白牛乳制成的搅拌型和凝固型酸奶产品特性的区别。持水力结果表明，A1 β-酪蛋白酸奶（凝固型和搅拌型）的持水力大于69%，A2 β-酪蛋白酸奶（凝固型和搅拌型）的持水力大于65%。质构特性的结果显示，凝固型酸奶差距更为明显，A1 β-酪蛋白酸奶的硬度和稠度分别比A2 β-酪蛋白酸奶高41.4%和59.8%。此外，A1 β-酪蛋白酸奶黏性优于A2 β-酪蛋白酸奶。流变学特性与微观结构结果显示，A1 β-酪蛋白酸奶的滞后回路面积较A2 β-酪蛋白酸奶小14.6%，说明A2 β-酪蛋白制成的酸奶结构更易于被破坏，网状结构更为稀疏。本实验为A2 β-酪蛋白牛乳在酸奶制品的应用及实际生产提供一定理论支持。     

多功能综合体育馆的照明分级控制

本文简要介绍了某综合体育馆的照明设计,着重叙述了各场馆照明分级控制的作法.