浓缩型益生菌制品的产业化制备

益生菌是一种通过改善肠道微生物平衡从而对宿主施加有益影响的微生物添加物,它们对机体有多种其它正常生理菌群无法比拟的生理作用.目前,国外的益生菌制品种类繁多并形成了产业规模,尤其是日本和欧盟.针对上述情况,本文对益生菌制剂工业化生产时的重要工艺环节,如菌株选择,生产工艺、分离富集和包装贮藏等问题进行了综述,以期为我国进一步发展益生菌制品提供理论依据。     

国内外益生菌制品发展现状

益生菌是一种通过改善肠道微生物平衡从而对宿主施加有益影响的微生物添加物,它们对机体有多种其它正常生理菌群无法比拟的生理作用。国内外使用的益生菌主要为乳杆菌和双歧杆菌。目前,国外的益生菌制品形式多样,日本的益生菌开发较早并已形成了产业规模;欧盟各国益生菌制品种类繁多;美国虽然在这方面起步较晚,但发展迅速,已开发出一系列的益生菌产品。我国在益生菌及其制品方面的研究还比较落后,产品良莠不齐,今后要求在一些领域取得突破。总之,益生菌制品开发应用方面的前景一定会很美好。     

乳杆菌属的益生菌保健功能及研究进展

益生菌是一种通过改善动物肠道微生物平衡从而对宿主施加有益影响作用的微生物,它们对宿主机体有着其他正常生理菌群无法比拟的生理作用。综述了益生菌的历史及种类、生理保健功能及作用机理、益生菌的应用与发展。     

美国益生菌产品的发展状况（综述）

益生菌(Ｐｒｏｂｉｏｔｉｃ)又称微生态调节剂、生态制品、活菌制剂,是指能够促进肠内菌群生态平衡,对宿主起有益作用的活的微生物制剂。[1]近年来随着微生态基础理论研究的深入,以及该理论被应用在实践上取得成效,益生菌产品发展迅速。美国的益生菌市场也呈现出良好的发展态势。1　益生菌产品在美国市场上,益生菌产品以两种形式销售:食品和膳食补充剂。含有益生菌的食品几乎全部是奶制品,所用菌种主要为乳酸菌和双歧杆菌。产品类型主要是添加了益生菌的液态奶和酸奶。约06%的液态奶产品含有益生菌,使用的菌种约是奶制品中所用益生菌种类的4…     

益生菌在构建功能性食品方面的开发研究与展望

益生菌是一类活的微生物,当摄入足够数量时,能对寄主产生有益作用.由于现在人们越来越注重自身的健康,益生菌产品市场正在不断扩大.益生菌在功能性食品市场中的应用有很大的发展潜力.本文将介绍益生菌对于人类身体的保健作用,着重介绍本实验室的研究状况和具有发展潜力的益生菌菌种Bifidobacterium、L. acidophilus、LGG and Lactobacillus reuter,并对益生菌在功能性食品市场上的应用作了分析.     

益生菌在酸奶新品种研究中的作用与研发趋势

本文较全面地介绍了酸奶(Yogurt)的演变的过程以及在发酵食品中的重要地位.通过各种益生菌的代谢特性的介绍,优质新型酸奶制造的必备条件的探讨和分析,阐述了形成不同风味发酵乳制品(功能酸奶、AB酸奶等)与质构特性之间的关系.较全面地提出了几种专用的、存在于人类肠道的具生理活性的益生菌(如L.reuteri、L.johnsonni cncmi-1225、S.thermophilus)在特殊的功能性酸奶制品中的应用.同时还介绍了增强酸奶风味的特殊物质及形成风味的机理和作用,新型强化钙酸奶制品的研究以及特点.对我国益生菌的研究开发以及创造出顺应人类文明进步和健康需求的新型、专用的发酵乳制品具有重大意义.     

饲用微生态制剂——动物用益生菌的研究应用

综述了动物益生菌制品的种类、动物益生菌的菌种选择,概述了益生菌制品的发酵生产工艺。介绍了益生菌制剂的应用及其注意事项,例如益生菌制品的选用、适宜动物和使用时间、使用剂量,最后阐述了益生菌与抗生素和抗球虫药物等的配伍时忌讳。     

乳制品中益生菌存活力的影响因素与改进方法

提高乳制品中益生菌的存活力是目前益生菌乳制品研制与开发的技术关键.本文根据益生菌的生理特性并结合国内外益生菌乳制品研究开发进展,探讨了菌种(株)、菌种(株)之间的相互关系、营养基质、生产工艺、氧及氧化还原电位等因素对乳制品中益生菌存活力的影响,提出了相应的改进方法与技术措施,以期为进一步发展益生菌乳制品提供科学依据.     

益生菌与肠道菌群、免疫调节的相互作用与机制研究进展

益生菌在改善宿主肠道微生态平衡、提高宿主健康水平和健康状态等方面发挥有益作用。其主要通过调理肠道微生物群、参与多种疾病的免疫调节,从而改善胃肠道生理机能来影响宿主健康。益生菌在预防和治疗胃肠道疾病等方面具有相当大的潜力,需要对其与肠道菌群、免疫调节的相互作用机制更深入的了解。本文对益生菌在肠道的分布与定植、益生菌对肠道菌群和肠道功能的调控作用以及益生菌与免疫调节的关系做了简单论述,以期为今后益生菌与肠道菌群互作研究以及益生菌的临床应用提供参考。     

益生菌对肠道菌群的影响——以Lactobacillus casei Zhang研究为例

人体肠道内栖居着数以万亿计的微生物,这些微生物在繁衍的过程中逐渐达到种类和数量的平衡,而这种平衡与机体正常代谢密切相关.一旦肠道菌群结构发生失调,各种代谢类疾病便随之而来.益生菌在肠道内的大量繁衍,可调节紊乱的肠道菌群结构并提高机体的免疫能力,进而帮助恢复健康水平.近年来,国际上科学研究的热点逐渐集中于益生菌对肠道菌群的影响以及肠道菌群和疾病的关系.本文概述国内外有关益生菌影响肠道菌群的研究现状.以1株具有完全自主知识产权并且已成功实施产业化应用的益生菌菌株——Lactobacillus casei Zhang为例,详实说明益生菌对人肠道菌群的影响.在此基础上提出本学科现存的若干研究瓶颈及今后的发展方向.     

植物甾醇研究与应用

植物甾醇具有诸多重要生理功能,对人体保健、卫生、美容能发挥很大有益作用,尤对甾体药物工业发展意义重大。该文主要对植物甾醇结构、分类、理化性质与生理作用、应用与开发进行综述,以期为今后甾醇应用与开发研究提供参考。     

Robust industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for very high gravity bio-ethanol fermentations

The application and physiological background of two industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, isolated from harsh industrial environments, were studied in Very High Gravity (VHG) bio-ethanol fermentations. VHG laboratory fermentations, mimicking industrially relevant conditions, were performed with PE-2 and CA1185 industrial strains and the CEN.PK113-7D laboratory strain. The industrial isolates produced remarkable high ethanol titres (>19%, v/v) and accumulated an increased content of sterols (2 to 5-fold), glycogen (2 to 4-fold) and trehalose (1.1-fold), relatively to laboratory strain. For laboratory and industrial strains, a sharp decrease in the viability and trehalose concentration was observed above 90 g l?1 and 140 g l?1 ethanol, respectively. PE-2 and CA1185 industrial strains presented important physiological differences relatively to CEN.PK113-7D strain and showed to be more prepared to cope with VHG stresses. The identification of a critical ethanol concentration above which viability and trehalose concentration decrease significantly is of great importance to guide VHG process engineering strategies. This study contributes to the improvement of VHG processes by identifying yeast isolates and gathering yeast physiological information during the intensified fermentation process, which, besides elucidating important differences between these industrial and laboratory strains, can drive further process optimization.     

食源性甾醇类化合物生物活性及应用

食源性甾醇是从可食用植物及菌菇中分离制得的一类甾体类化合物,在自然界中分布广泛。近年来大量研究表明,甾醇类化合物在调节机体生理功能如降低胆固醇等方面发挥着重要作用。因其特殊的生理活性和物理、化学性质,这类化合物也开始被广泛应用到工业生产中。本文综述了国内外在食源性甾醇类化合物体内外生理活性及实际应用等方面的研究报道,旨在为更好地利用这类化合物提供一定的理论依据及参考。     

Stress Responses in Probiotic Lactobacillus casei

Survival in harsh environments is critical to both the industrial performance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their competitiveness in complex microbial ecologies. Among the LAB, members of the Lactobacillus casei group have industrial applications as acid-producing starter cultures for milk fermentations and as specialty cultures for the intensification and acceleration of flavor development in certain bacterial-ripened cheese varieties. They are amongst the most common organisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and other animals, and have the potential to function as probiotics. Whether used in industrial or probiotic applications, environmental stresses will affect the physiological status and properties of cells, including altering their functionality and biochemistry. Understanding the mechanisms of how LAB cope with different environments is of great biotechnological importance, from both a fundamental and applied perspective: hence, interaction between these strains and their environment has gained increased interest in recent years. This paper presents an overview of the important features of stress responses in Lb. casei, and related proteomic or gene expression patterns that may improve their use as starter cultures and probiotics.     

Halophilic hydrolases as a new tool for the biotechnological industries

Halophilic micro‐organisms are able to survive in high salt concentrations because they have developed diverse biochemical, structural and physiological modifications, allowing the catalytic synthesis of proteins with interesting physicochemical and structural properties. The main characteristic of halophilic enzymes that allows them to be considered as a novel alternative for use in the biotechnological industries is their polyextremophilicity, i.e. they have the capacity to be thermostable, tolerate a wide range of pH, withstand denaturation and tolerate high salt concentrations. However, there have been relatively few studies on halophilic enzymes, with some being based on their isolation and others on their characterisation. These enzymes are scarcely researched because attention has been focused on other extremophile micro‐organisms. Only a few industrial applications of halophilic enzymes, principally in the fermented food, textile, pharmaceutical and leather industries, have been reported. However, it is important to investigate applications of these enzymes in more biotechnological processes at both the chemical and the molecular level. This review discusses the modifications of these enzymes, their industrial applications and research perspectives in different biotechnological areas. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

MOBILISATION OF ENDOSPERMAL RESERVES DURING THE GERMINATION OF BARLEY

The metabolism of the germinating barley seed is a complicated physiological process. From the point of view of industrial malting, the syntheses of amylolytic and proteolytic enzymes as well as the degradation of endospermal structures are extremely important. In order to control his process the maltster needs to have a good understanding of these processes as well as of the regulatory mechanisms which control them. When a good malting barley is allowed to germinate under traditional conditions for the time needed, a good malt can be produced without this scientific background. The present day brewing industry, however, has to work with barleys which are not of the traditional malting type and furthermore accelerated processes are an economic necessity. Under these circumstances, the maltster needs all scientific help he can get. Biochemical and physiological research on germination provides him with the tools he needs for process control and optimisation.     

荷叶成分及功能的研究进展

分析了荷叶中活性成分及其生理功能，并对其未来研究方向、产业化发展趋势进行了阐述。     

The quality of protein-enriched products from sunflower seeds. 1. The effect of various production processes on the nutritive value of meals and protein isolates

Globulin isolates from native sunflower seed and industrial extraction meal obtained by extraction with different electrolyte solutions and subsequent isoelectric precipitation are relatively poor in the essential amino acids lysine, threonine, and methionine as compared to defatted seed meals. On the other hand, albumins separated by means of polyanionic complexing agents (sodium alginate and aluminium potassium sulphate) are relatively rich in these amino acids, and albumin-globulin-co-precipitates have a correspondingly balanced amino-acid composition, being also reflected by nutrition physiological values as BW, NPU, and EAA-index. As compared to seed meals protein isolates are characterized furthermore by a better protein digestibility.     

Untersuchungen zur Qualität proteinangereicherter Produkte aus Sonnenblumensamen. 1. Mitt. Einfluß unterschiedlicher Gewinnungsverfahren auf den nutritiven Wert von Mehlen und Proteinisolaten

Globulin isolates from native sunflower seed and industrial extraction meal obtained by extraction with different electrolyte solutions and subsequent isoelectric precipitation are relatively poor in the essential amino acids lysine. threonine, and methionine as compared to defatted seed meals. On the other hand, albumins separated by means of polyanionic complexing agents (sodium alginate and aluminium potassium sulphate) are relatively rich in these amino acids, and albumin-globulin-co-precipitates have a correspondingly balanced amino-acid composition, being also reflected by nutrition physiological values as BW, NPU, and EAA-index. As compared to seed meals protein isolates are characterized furthermore by a better protein digestibility.     

还原型谷胱甘肽的特性、工业生产及在大健康行业的应用研究进展

文章概述了还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)的结构特征和生理活性,及其在生物体内的代谢途径,总结了GSH的制备、提取纯化、应用及工业生产等方面的研究进展,并展望了其功能活性、工业生产和产品应用等方面今后的研究方向。