三镜直腔结构MgO∶PPLN高效连续光参量振荡器

为了优化MgO:PPLN连续光参量振荡器(OPO)的输出特性,对三镜直腔结构的内腔式OPO系统进行腔结构设计,对其同时输出高效的信号光和闲频光进行研究。采用半导体激光端面抽运Nd:YVO4晶体实现连续的1064 nm激光为基频光。对比分析了基频激光腔和OPO腔各腔镜分别采用平面镜或平凹镜的三种腔型结构的激光输出特性。基于30.5 μm的极化周期和12.4 W入射抽运功率时,获得了最高输出功率3.92 W（信号光2.6 W和闲频光1.32 W）,转化效率31.6%的激光输出,对应的信号光和闲频光的中心波长分别为1549 nm和3394 nm。结果表明三个腔镜均采用平凹镜时,可有效的压缩基频激光腔在MgO:PPLN晶体上的光斑,提升基频激光的功率密度,而且基频激光腔和OPO腔的基模光斑在MgO:PPLN晶体上更好的匹配,从而提升变频效率。     

LD泵浦的室温运转内腔倍频473nm全固态蓝激光器

从理论上分析了准三能级系统固体激光器室温运转的条件以及实现方法,同时给出了实现473nm蓝光发射的方案.报道了用波长808.5nm,功率为2W的半导体激光器泵浦Nd:YAG,采用内腔倍频的方法,在室温下获得946nm波长准三能级连续红外激光输出120mW,以及用BBO晶体倍频获得473nm波长10mW的连续蓝色激光输出.     

可调谐锁模光纤激光器泵浦的超连续谱光源

为了实现平坦度更好、光谱覆盖可见光波段的超连续谱激光输出,研究了泵浦波长可调谐的全光纤结构超连续谱光纤激光器。设计搭建了一台非线性偏振旋转锁模脉冲光纤激光器,实现了9种中心波长的耗散孤子皮秒脉冲输出,波长调谐范围为1 041~1 076nm;以它作为种子源进行了两级功率放大,并泵浦10m长的光子晶体光纤,在泵浦激光功率为500mW时,得到9种输出光谱特性不同的超连续谱激光,得到当泵浦激光中心波长为1 050nm时,更利于实现光谱范围更宽、平坦度更好、可见光分量更多的超连续谱激光输出。为进一步拓宽超连续谱激光的光谱范围、提升光谱平坦度,将泵浦激光功率提升至1.45 W,最终实现了输出功率为600mW、短波边界为470nm、600~1 700nm内10dB光谱宽度为1 053nm的超连续谱激光输出。     

全固态355 nm连续紫外激光器的优化设计

通过优化腔型设计, 实现了LD端面抽运Nd:YVO₄腔内三次谐波转换全固态连续355 nm紫外激光器高效率输出。选用平-凹腔结构并考虑到Nd:YVO₄晶体的热透镜效应、模式匹配、倍频晶体位相匹配等因素对输出功率的影响,对谐振腔长进行了详细的分析计算。在激光谐振腔内, 1 064 nm的基频波经KTP晶体倍频产生532 nm激光,二者再经LBO晶体和频获得了355 nm紫外激光。当LD抽运功率为3 W时,355 nm连续紫外激光输出功率达6.4 mW。与折叠腔进行比较,发现在小功率抽运情况下,直腔结构紧凑、易于调节、输出功率较大。     

基于宽谱信号光注入的超荧光光纤光源

为实现高功率和高平坦度的C+L波段光超荧光输出,将超辐射发光二极管输出的宽谱信号光注入双程后向掺铒光纤超荧光光源,研究了信号光注入对超荧光光源输出功率和光谱特性的影响,优化了信号光注入功率、泵浦源抽运功率和掺铒光纤长度。结果表明:低功率、宽光谱信号光不仅可以有效提高超荧光光源的输出功率和泵浦效率,还有助于光谱的平坦化;通过使用40m W抽运功率泵浦9m的掺铒光纤,在500W信号光注入时获得了功率为10.59m W、3d B带宽大于41nm的C+L波段超荧光输出。     

全固态单纵模593.5 nm和频激光器

利用法布里-珀罗(F-P)标准具选频实现了单纵模593.5 nm激光和频输出。采用单块Nd:YVO₄晶体,通过对谐振腔输出镜膜系的设计与优化,在两镜线性腔中实现了稳定的1 064 nm与1 342 nm双波长振荡。放入I类位相匹配和频晶体LBO进行腔内和频时,抽运功率为2 W可获得52 mW的593.5 nm橙黄色激光输出,但输出光束噪声较大,其RMS噪声为6.8%。在腔内加入400 μm厚熔融石英标准具进行选频,实现了单纵模593.5 nm激光输出,单纵模线宽为600 MHz,输出功率为34 mW,RMS噪声降为0.3%,实现了低噪声输出。实验结果表明,在和频过程中,利用一块标准具对两个波长同时进行选频是获得单纵模和频光的有效方法。     

基于光纤环形镜的C+L波段高平坦高功率掺铒光源

研究并设计了一种用3 dB宽带耦合器制作的光纤环形镜作为反射镜的双级双程单管抽运高平坦度高功率C+L波段ASE光源。用2个980 nm激光二极管调试两级抽运光功率的分配,两级采用掺铒浓度不同的光纤并优化光纤长度,获得了功率高达15.28 mW(11.84 dB/m)的C＋L波段ASE光输出,平均波长为1 559.31 nm,在未采用任何外加滤波器的情况下,其平坦区域3 dB带宽66.72 nm(从1 533.12 nm至1 599.84 nm)。之后采用一个激光二极管实现两级双向同时抽运得到了同样的效果。通过光纤环形镜的使用,不仅提高了抽运源利用效率,且改善了光源的平坦度,在实验过程中,在平坦度相度相对要差一些的条件下,还通过调整两级抽运光的功率及分配比例得到了功率达到30.11 mW的C+L 波段ASE输出。     

LD端面泵浦的高输出单频Nd∶YVO_4绿光激光器

用激光二极管(LD)抽运Nd∶YVO4晶体,采用四镜环形腔结构,腔内放置由法拉第旋光器,λ/2波片及布氏片组成的光学单向器,利用KTP内腔倍频技术,实现了高输出单频Nd∶YVO4绿光激光器及稳定的单频激光输出。在9 W的泵浦功率下,最大单频绿光输出为1.1 W,光-光转化效率为12.2%。在腔内插入Cr4+∶YAG晶体,又获得了脉宽为100 ns,重复频率为21 kHz的单纵模被动调Q激光输出。     

LD端面泵浦的高输出单频Nd:YVO4绿光激光器

用激光二极管(LD)抽运Nd:YVO4晶体,采用四镜环形腔结构,腔内放置由法拉第旋光器,λ/2波片及布氏片组成的光学单向器,利用KTP内腔倍频技术,实现了高输出单频Nd:YVO4绿光激光器及稳定的单频激光输出.在9 W的泵浦功率下,最大单频绿光输出为1.1 W,光-光转化效率为12.2%.在腔内插入Cr4 :YAG晶体,又获得了脉宽为100ns,重复频率为21 kHz的单纵模被动调Q激光输出.     

四程抽运Yb:YAG薄片激光器

设计了四程抽运的Yb:YAG薄片激光器.选用掺杂原子数分数为10%,几何尺寸为Ф10 mm=300m的薄片状Yb:YAG晶体,采用铟焊工艺将其焊接到水冷系统上,用可调式恒温水箱对其进行温度控制.使用两个Ф一30 mm,R=50 mm的球面反射镜,完成了四程抽运.利用蒙特卡罗方法对抽运光斑的大小进行了计算,将反射镜轴向与光纤头轴向夹角控制在12°以内,以使抽运光斑半径与基模光斑半径比符合模式匹配原则.在LDA抽运功率为4.13 W时,获得了最高功率为670 mW的1 030 nm连续激光输出,光-光转换效率为16.2%.实验结果表明:该结构可降低激光介质的热透镜效应和应力双折射效应,获得高光束质量的激光输出,但散热系统和焊接工艺需进一步优化.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

Fifth International Summer School on Screw-Theory Based Methods in Robotics

正3-11 September,2014University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy www.summerscrews.org summerscrews2014.ing.unibo.it SUMMER 20SCREWS 14In 2014,our screw-theory school comes to the world's oldest university.In early September,Summer Screws'14 will gather six experts in the application of screw theory in robotics and up to 40 participants at the University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy.The school will teach attendees how to apply existing methods and empower them to develop new ones in their own research.The basic theoretical notions will be introduced in a rigorous manner,emphasizing examples,applications,and exercises.Scholarships are available.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND VISUALISATION-A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE

Taking the actual project of teaching and researching process for example, the relationship between the industrial engineering and product development is discussed. And use the novel visualization technology to support the industrial engineering and product development. How to use the new computer modeling and simulating technologies to support the product development and industrial engineering, is introduced especially. The support includes both domestic products and industrial systems. The visualization and computer technologies take a very important role in some system or multi-direction modeling, those technologies mentioned above can help the industrial engineers study the effect of design on the whole life circle, including the producing steps. So the engineers can avoid making the wrong decision which may cause bad effects on the whole industrial engineering.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...