乳酸菌抗真菌活性及应用研究新进展

对近年来国内外在乳酸菌抗真菌方面的研究进行了综述,阐述了具有抗真菌活性的乳酸菌种类及其产生的抗真菌物质,并对其在焙烤食品、奶酪、果蔬等产品中的应用探索进行了总结和展望,揭示其作为新一代生物防腐剂的开发潜力和应用前景。     

天然食品防腐剂乳酸菌素──Nisin

天然食品防腐剂乳酸菌素──Ｎｉｓｉｎ孔健，马桂荣（山东大学微生物研究所，济南，２５１０００）随着人们生活水平的提高，人们的膳食结构发生了变化，由开始量的满足转向质的提高，人们总希望消费不含或少含化学合成防腐剂的天然食品，并能长期保存。天然食品防腐剂的...     

抗真菌蛋白(AFP)研究概述及应用前景展望

抗真菌蛋白—AFP(antifungal protein)是由巨大曲霉Aspergillus giganteus分泌的小分子量碱性蛋白,可有效抑制丝状真菌的生长,尤其是动植物致病真菌。近年来的研究发现AFP具有安全、高效、广谱、稳定的特点,而这些显著的特点使其最有希望成为新的抗真菌抗生素、安全的天然食品防腐剂和高效的生物农药,也使AFP成为当前的研究热点。综述AFP的生物化学特性、抗真菌活性及其作用机制,分析AFP在应用中存在的问题,并对其在医药、食品、农业和生物技术领域的应用前景进行展望。     

乳酸菌抗真菌生物防腐剂作用机理和前景展望

食品在储藏过程中易受霉菌及其产生的毒素的污染,严重危害人类健康。许多研究发现有些乳酸菌能够通过产生的有机酸、短肽、过氧化氢、以及其自身的吸附能力等抑制霉菌生长,吸附真菌毒素,以降低食品中霉菌及其毒素的含量,延长食品货架期。对乳酸菌的代谢产物及其抗真菌活性的深入研究表明,乳酸菌作为生物防腐剂具有良好的应用前景,有望成为安全的食品添加剂。     

7种天然防腐剂对气调包装酱卤肉制品的抑菌效果

以气调包装卤鸭脖、卤鸭翅为研究对象,采用选择性培养基对腐败菌进行分离,通过测定抑菌率,比较研究了7种天然食品防腐剂:天然食用香料、香辛料、发酵醋-01、果蔬汁、复配防腐剂-01、复配防腐剂-02和醋粉-02的抑菌效果。结果表明,卤鸭脖的优势腐败菌为乳酸菌、微球菌、大肠菌群;卤鸭翅的优势腐败菌为乳酸菌、酵母菌、大肠菌群。7种防腐剂对以上腐败菌均有一定的抑菌效果,综合分析抑菌效果由高到低为:发酵醋-01>香辛料>醋粉-02>复配防腐剂-01≈复配防腐剂-02≈天然食用香料≈果蔬汁。通过比较以上防腐剂对不同产品总微生物的抑菌效果,发现除发酵醋-01(抑菌率均为100%)外,其余6种天然防腐剂对卤鸭翅的抑菌效果优于卤鸭脖。     

1株产乳酸菌素植物乳杆菌的鉴定及功能研究

乳酸菌素是一种天然生物防腐剂。本试验鉴定了1株产乳酸菌素的植物乳杆菌并研究其所产乳酸菌素的理化性质。采用16S r RNA序列分析法鉴定菌株LD-1为植物乳杆菌,其发酵上清液具有抑菌活性。采用吸附法粗提所产乳酸菌素,经Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析其分子质量在4.6~6.5 ku之间。由乳酸菌素产量与乳酸菌生长的关系试验得出乳酸菌素的最佳收获时间为发酵培养14 h。管碟法抑菌试验表明,该乳酸菌素抑菌活性的最适p H范围为2~8;100℃处理90 min后抑菌活性仍很明显;对胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K敏感,在人体内可被消化吸收;对单核增生李斯特细菌、粪肠球菌、大肠杆菌、都柏林沙门氏菌有较强的抑制作用。该乳酸菌素为开发抑菌谱广的天然生物防腐剂提供研究基础。     

乳酸菌细菌素抗菌潜力挖掘研究进展

乳酸菌产生的主要抗菌防腐物质是有机酸,但在乳酸菌代谢产物中发现了细菌素等其它抗菌物质,其中有的细菌素甚至具有强烈的抗真菌能力。世界范围内启动的乳酸菌基因组计划创造了巨大的生物信息流。乳酸菌基因组蕴含的生物信息将对研究乳酸菌细菌素的合成代谢途径,功能基因挖掘以及新型抗菌剂的开发搭建信息平台。结合乳酸菌细菌素的最新研究进展,讨论利用乳酸菌基因组探索乳酸菌的抗菌潜力及其作为生物防腐剂在食品保藏中的应用前景。     

新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂及其抑菌性能

天然食品防腐剂按其来源的不同可分为植物源天然防腐剂、动物源天然防腐剂以及微生物源天然防腐剂等类型.天然微生物源食品防腐剂由于其本身的优越性,越来越受到人们的青睐.本文主要对五种新型微生物源天然食品防腐剂(即乳球菌肤、溶菌酶、聚赖氨酸、苯乳酸及曲酸)的理化特性、抑茵机制和抑茵特性等进行了概括和论述.旨在为我国新型、安全、高效、微生物源天然食品防腐剂的研究和开发提供参考.     

抗食品腐败真菌的乳酸菌筛选、复配及混合发酵工艺优化

应用化学防腐剂控制食品中腐败微生物,防腐剂残留对人体具有一定的潜在性危害。本文筛选抗食品腐败真菌的乳酸菌,并对其进行复配及混合发酵以提高其发酵液抗真菌活性。通过24孔板双层琼脂法及分级抑菌浓度法从多株乳酸菌和丙酸杆菌中筛选抗真菌较强的菌株并确定混合菌最优组合。通过Plackett-Burman试验,最陡爬坡试验,对其发酵工艺进行优化,用96孔板酶标仪法测其发酵上清液的抗真菌活性。结果表明:最优混合菌组合为植物乳杆菌L9和费氏丙酸杆菌D5;发酵培养基优化配方:葡萄糖55 g/L,碳酸钙6.7 g/L,酵母浸粉14.8 g/L,磷酸氢二钾 0.25 g/L,硫酸锰 0.1 g/L,乙酸钠 5.0 g/L,柠檬酸铵 2.0 g/L,接种比例为5:1（D5:L9）,发酵温度为37 ℃。对筛选出的L9和D5在优化后的发酵培养基进行混合发酵验证,其发酵液抗真菌活性可高达47.07 AU。     

微生物源天然食品防腐剂的研究进展

天然食品防腐剂按其来源不同可分为植物源天然防腐剂、动物源天然防腐剂和微生物源天然防腐剂。微生物源天然食品防腐剂由于其本身的优越性,越来越受到人们的青睐。本文主要介绍了微生物来源的天然食品防腐剂乳酸链球菌素、ε-聚赖氨酸、曲酸、溶菌酶和甲烷氧化菌素的最新研究进展,阐述了它们的理化性质、抑菌机制和应用现状,同时简单介绍了纳他霉素、抗菌肽、罗伊氏菌素和嗜杀酵母等微生物源天然食品防腐剂的应用现状,旨在为高效、无毒、天然食品防腐剂的研究提供参考。天然食品防腐剂最有发展的可能是将几种来源不同的天然食品防腐剂复配,或者将一种天然防腐剂与其他化学防腐剂复配使用,不仅可以减少防腐剂在食品中的用量,同时还可以使食品的杀菌或抑菌条件更加温和化,对人们的饮食健康非常有利。     

产细菌素乳酸菌菌株的来源及所产细菌素的分类研究进展

乳酸菌产生的细菌素对很多导致食源性疾病的致病菌和腐败菌均具有抑制作用,近年来引起了诸多研究者的关注,在食品 储存和保鲜中也有应用。为了便于科研工作者更好的开发抑菌谱广、抑菌效果好的细菌素,该文对产细菌素乳酸菌菌株的来源食品、 菌株的所属种属、细菌素的分类以及分离纯化方法等做一评价,为相关的研究提供基础材料和参考,促进天然防腐剂的开发工作更 好更快地开展。     

Ⅱa类乳酸菌细菌素的异源表达研究进展

Ⅱa类乳酸菌细菌素由于其对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的强烈抑菌活性,已成为天然食品防腐剂研究与开发的热点。但是受生物合成调控系统控制,天然细菌素的产量往往很低而且提取过程较为复杂,很难满足相关研究和实际应用的需求。为此,许多研究者进行过Ⅱa类细菌素的异源表达研究,本文对该类细菌素在大肠杆菌、乳酸菌以及酵母菌中的异源表达研究作较为全面系统的综述,并指出目前存在的主要问题及今后的研究方向。     

Antifungal effect of dairy propionibacteria--contribution of organic acids

Large amounts of food and feed are lost every year due to spoilage by moulds and yeasts. Biopreservation, i.e. the use of microorganisms as preservatives instead of chemicals, has gained increased interest. Lactic acid bacteria and propionibacteria might be particularly useful due to their important role in many food fermentations. Knowledge of the antifungal effects of the organic acids produced by these bacteria is necessary to understand their inhibitory activity. We evaluated the antifungal activity of the type strains of five dairy propionibacteria, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, P. jensenii, P. thoenii, P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii against eight food- and feedborne moulds and yeasts. A dual culture system assayed the inhibitory activity on three different agar media, sodium lactate (SL), de Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS) and MRS without acetate (MRS-ac). The amounts of organic acids produced during growth of propionibacteria in liquid SL, MRS and MRS-ac were also determined. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of propionic, acetic and lactic acid were established for all fungi at pH 3, 5 and 7. Propionic acid, followed by acetic acid, was the most potent antifungal acid. Inhibition at pH 7 generally required concentrations above 500 mM for all three acids, at pH 5 the MIC values for propionic and acetic acids were 20-120 mM and above 500 mM for lactic acid. At pH 3, the MIC values were, with one exception, below 10 mM for both propionic and acetic acid and above 160 mM for lactic acid. The yeast Pichia anomala was the fungus most resistant to organic acids. The propionibacteria exhibited a pronounced species variation in antifungal activity on MRS (+/-acetate) agar, with P. thoenii being the most potent. Four of the five propionibacteria species produced more propionic and acetic acid in liquid SL medium than in MRS (+/-acetate) broth. However, when SL agar was used as the growth medium, none of the propionibacteria inhibited fungal growth.     

抗真菌性乳酸菌生物保护剂的研究进展

霉菌和酵母不仅引起果蔬、谷类、乳制品和肉制品等食品及农产品腐败变质,造成巨大的经济损失,而且霉菌还产生有害于人体健康的黄曲霉毒素、伏马菌素、单端孢霉烯、赭曲霉素A和棒曲霉素等真菌毒素,给食用者带来潜在的食品安全隐患。随着消费者对鲜活和微加工食品的需求不断增加,化学防腐剂在食品中应用受到限制,食品生物保护剂研究及应用已成为热点。乳酸菌通过生态位竞争、形成酸性环境和产生各种代谢产物对致病菌和腐败微生物具有较强的拮抗作用,作为一新型生物保护剂已广泛应用于各种食品中。本文对食品中抗真菌性乳酸菌的筛选和应用、乳酸菌产生的抗真菌代谢产物以及发展趋势进行综述,为进一步探究乳酸菌抗菌机理,研发高效食品生物保护剂提供借鉴与参考。     

乳酸菌细菌素的高效表达方法研究

乳酸菌细菌素作为天然的生物防腐剂,因其高效、无毒等特点而备受关注,但目前只有乳酸链球菌素实现了工业化生产。乳酸菌细菌素产量低是限制其大规模生产的瓶颈之一。从高产菌株筛选、发酵条件调控、基因工程技术、诱导调控和胁迫刺激应答5个方面,综述了提高乳酸菌细菌素产量的方法,期望为提高乳酸菌细菌素产量的研究提供新思路。     

Antifungal activity of 2 lactic acid bacteria of the Weissella genus isolated from food

Abstract: In the present study, a total of 116 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from Mill flour and fermented cassava were screened for their antifungal activity. Three strains among 116 were selected for their strongest inhibitory activity against food molds. These 3 strains were Lactobacillus plantarum VE56, Weissella cibaria FMF4B16, and W. paramesenteroides LC11. The compounds responsible for the antifungal activity were investigated. The strains displayed an inhibitory activity against targeted molds at acidic pH. However, the influence of organic acids was rejected according to the calculated minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antifungal compounds were investigated in the cell‐free supernatants and phenyllactic acid (PLA) was detected in different amounts with a maximal concentration for Lb. plantarum VE56 (0.56 mM). Hydroxy fatty acid, such as 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylpentanoic acid, was also produced and involved in the inhibitory activity of Lb. plantarum VE56 and W. paramesenteroides LC11. Antifungal LAB are known to produce PLA and 3‐hydroxy fatty acids and other organic acids with antifungal activity. This short communication focuses on antifungal activity from Weissella genus. The antifungal activity was attributed to antifungal compounds identified such as PLA, 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methylpentanoic acid, and other organic acids. Nevertheless, the concentration produced in the cell‐free supernatant was too low to compare to their MIC, suggesting that the inhibitory activity was caused by a synergy of these different compounds. Practical Application: Antifungal LAB are interesting to prevent food spoilage in fermented food and prolong their shelf life. In this way, chemical preservatives could be avoided and replaced by natural preservatives.     

Prevention of fungal spoilage in food products using natural compounds: A review

The kingdom Fungi is the most important group of microorganism contaminating food commodities, and chemical additives are commonly used in the food industry to prevent fungal spoilage. However, the increasing consumer concern about synthetic additives has led to their substitution by natural compounds in foods. The current review provides an overview of using natural agents isolated from different sources (plants, animals, and microorganisms) as promising antifungal compounds, including information about their mechanism of action and their use in foods to preserve and prolong shelf life. Compounds derived from plants, chitosan, lactoferrin, and biocontrol agents (lactic acid bacteria, antagonistic yeast, and their metabolites) are able to control the decay caused by fungi in a wide variety of foods. Several strategies are employed to reduce the drawbacks of some antifungal agents, like their incorporation into oil-in-water emulsions and nanoemulsions, edible films and active packaging, and their combination with other natural preservatives. These strategies facilitate the addition of volatile agents into food products and, improve their antifungal effectiveness. Moreover, biological agents have been investigated as one of the most promising options in the control of postharvest decay. Numerous mechanisms of action have been elucidated and different approaches have been studied to enhance their antifungal effectiveness.     

乳酸菌细菌素抑菌特性及在食品中的应用研究进展

乳酸菌细菌素是细菌在核糖体上合成的具有抗菌活性的多肽类物质,这些细菌素能杀灭或抑制引起食品腐败的细菌的繁殖,可作为天然的食品防腐剂在食品中应用。该文综述了乳酸菌细菌素的分类、国内外研究现状、抑菌特性及应用等方面的最新研究进展,并对乳酸菌细菌素未来研究趋势进行简要分析,对乳酸菌细菌素在食品中的应用有一定参考价值。     

Antifungal activity of the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria against tinea

The fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria (FHL), in which Enterococcus faecalis TH10 predominated, was assayed for antifungal activity against tinea. The antifungal activity of FHL was as high as that of a synthetic fungicide. Autoclaving FHL did not reduce its antifungal activity, whereas neutralizing it did. The results suggested that nonproteinaceous compounds or organic acids in FHL could inhibit the growth of the dermatophyte tinea under low-pH conditions, and that malonic acid and acetic acid could have especially high antifungal activity against tinea.