金针菇提取物对冰藏南美白对虾保鲜作用研究

以不同浓度(0、5、10 g/L)的金针菇提取物处理冰藏南美白对虾,研究富含麦角硫因的提取物对冰藏南美白对虾的保鲜作用及其对虾类黑变抑制作用。结果表明,以富含麦角硫因的金针菇提取物处理后,南美白对虾感官品质明显好于对照组,南美白对虾的黑变指数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮、多酚氧化酶活性显著低于对照组,处理后菌落总数也显著低于对照组。这表明富含麦角硫因的金针菇提取物能显著延长南美白对虾保鲜期,抑制黑变,改善其食用品质和安全。     

马齿苋提取物抑制冷藏猪肉糜脂肪和蛋白氧化及对品质特性的影响

以新鲜猪肉为原料,制成肉糜后加入不同添加量(0.2、0.4、0.8 g/kg)的马齿苋提取物(Purslane extract, PE),并以0.8 g/kg丁基羟基茴香醚作为阳性对照,同时设置空白对照,研究猪肉糜冷藏期(1、3、5、7、9 d)硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid, TBA)值、羰基含量、总巯基含量、表面疏水性、猪肉糜色泽及其质构特性的变化,评价马齿苋提取物对冷藏猪肉糜脂肪、蛋白质和品质等特性的影响。结果表明,0.8 g/kg马齿苋提取物能显著降低猪肉冷藏期间的TBA值、表面疏水性和羰基含量的增长幅度(P<0.05);0.4 g/kg马齿苋提取物在贮藏初期能有效降低总巯基含量下降的幅度(P<0.05);贮藏后期3个添加量之间的作用效果无显著性差异(P>0.05);0.2 g/kg马齿苋提取物能显著减缓a^*减小和硬度变大(P<0.05);马齿苋提取物还能降低肉糜黏聚性和L^*值(P<0.05);但对b^*值、咀嚼度和弹性影响不大。因此,3种浓度的马齿苋提取物均能在...     

没食子酸对猪肉糜脂肪和蛋白氧化的抑制作用及对肉糜品质特性的影响

为研究没食子酸对冷藏（4 ℃,9 d）猪肉糜脂肪和蛋白氧化的抑制作用及对肉糜品质的影响,将没食子酸添加到猪肉糜中（0、0.05、0.10、0.20 g/kg）,添加0.20 g/kg叔丁基羟基茴香醚（butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA）作为对照组,对肉糜的硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs）值、总巯基含量、羰基含量、表面疏水性、色泽及蒸煮损失进行分析。结果表明：空白组猪肉糜的TBARs值显著增加,蛋白质总巯基含量降低,羰基含量增加,表面疏水性升高,红度值降低,蒸煮损失增加;没食子酸的添加降低了TBARs值的增加幅度,抑制了羰基化合物的生成和表面疏水性的增加,并且随着贮藏时间的增加,能够减少总疏基含量的损失,降低脂肪氧化和蛋白氧化的程度,没食子酸还有利于猪肉糜红度的保持,但对蒸煮损失无改善作用。因此,没食子酸可作为天然抗氧化剂应用于肉及肉制品中。     

猪皮胶原蛋白肽在熟肉糜中抗氧化效果研究

研究猪皮胶原蛋白肽对熟猪肉糜在贮藏期间的抗氧化效果。测定熟肉糜在贮藏期间色差、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值(TBARS)及进行感官评定,并与BHT进行比较。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加猪皮胶原抗氧化肽段的处理组在贮藏期间能明显抑制脂肪的氧化,且肽段的添加量越大抑制效果越好,添加2%的猪皮胶原抗氧化肽效果最好但不如BHT处理组效果好,同时感官评定也获得了相同的结果。结论:猪皮胶原蛋白肽对熟肉糜在贮藏过程中的脂肪氧化具有显著的抑制作用,可作为食源性抗氧化剂。     

丁香精油-壳聚糖复合可食性膜对生肉糜保鲜效果的影响

研究丁香精油-壳聚糖复合可食性膜对生肉糜冷藏期间感官品质和货架期的影响。测定生肉糜样品在（4±1）℃冷藏期间细菌总数、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值、高铁肌红蛋白含量以及感官品质随时间的变化情况。结果表明：添加丁香精油可提高壳聚糖可食性膜的抗菌和抗氧化活性。包裹丁香精油-壳聚糖复合可食性膜可有效抑制生肉糜菌落总数和高铁肌红蛋白含量的增加;同时还可抑制贮藏过程中的脂肪氧化,对感官品质具有良好的保持作用,在（4±1）℃条件下贮藏期可达10～12 d,明显提高了生肉糜贮藏过程中的品质和货架期。丁香精油-壳聚糖复合膜可作为可食性包装膜延长生肉糜冷藏期间的货架期。     

刺梨水提物对牦牛肉糜贮藏过程蛋白质和脂质氧化影响的研究

本研究旨在探讨刺梨水提物（Rosa roxburghii Tratt Aqueous Extract,RRTAE）对牦牛肉糜在贮藏过程蛋白质和脂质氧化的影响规律。与空白对照、0.02%二丁基羟基甲苯（Butylated Hydroxy Toluene,BHT）进行比较,添加0.02%、0.10%、0.20% RRTAE到牦牛肉糜中,测定贮藏1、3、6、9 d各组牦牛肉糜的色泽、pH、硫代巴比妥酸（Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances,TBARS）值、荧光化合物（有机相δ For、水相δ Faq）、共轭二烯（Conjugated Diolefins,CD）值、羰基含量、表面疏水性、色氨酸含量、二聚酪氨酸含量、感官品质。结果表明,与空白对照、阳性对照（0.02%BHT）相比,0.10%、0.20%RRTAE可显著降低牦牛肉糜的pH（P<0.05）,0.02%RRTAE与阳性对照组效果接近,且RRTAE可改善其感官品质,显著抑制a*、b*值的降低（P<0.05）,但对L*值有一定的负面作用;0.02% RRTAE可显著降低其TBARS值、二聚酪氨酸含量（P<0.05）,且抑制效果随RRTAE添加量的增加而提高;添加0.20% RRTAE可显著降低其δ Faq、羰基含量、表面疏水性、色氨酸荧光值（P<0.05）。本研究认为,RRTAE具有改善牦牛肉糜贮藏过程理化特性的作用,可以作为肉糜保鲜中有潜力的抗氧化剂。     

普洱茶提取物对猪肉糜品质的影响

针对目前冷鲜肉制品保质期短、品质不稳定、易腐败变质等状况,考察了不同浓度普洱茶提取物（PETs）对冷却猪肉糜货架期的影响．结果表明,冷却猪肉糜中添加0．02％-0．12％的PETs后,在贮藏期间不仅可以有效抑制肠道茵群、假单胞茵和菌落总数的增殖,还可降低挥发性盐基氮和硫代巴比妥酸值的累积,增加红度值并保持猪肉糜良好的感官性状．     

猪骨蛋白水解物美拉德反应产物对生肉糜品质影响的研究

将猪骨蛋白水解物与半乳糖反应制备得到的美拉德反应产物(MRPs)应用于生肉糜,研究不同添加量的MRPs对生肉糜红度值(a*-值)、pH值、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)、羰基以及感官质量的影响。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,生肉糜的红度值逐渐下降,pH值、TBARS值、羰基含量逐渐增加,整体品质下降。与对照组相比,添加MRPs会显著的降低脂肪和蛋白氧化的程度。在同一贮藏时间,随着MRPs添加量的增大,肉糜红度值显著增加(P0.05),抑制脂肪与蛋白质氧化的效果更明显,且生肉糜的感官质量也会提高。2.0%MRPs的处理组抗氧化效果与0.02%丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)的处理组抗氧化效果差异性不显著(P0.05)。因此,猪骨蛋白水解物与半乳糖的制备的MRPs可以作为一种天然抗氧化剂应用到生肉糜中,抑制产品的氧化,改善产品的品质。     

外源添加物对贮藏的肉糜制品中TBARS值的影响研究

硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）值是肉制品中评价脂肪氧化程度的常用方法。该文对肉糜制品中添加多种外源物质时TBARS值变化情况进行综述,发现多酚类、黄酮类、多糖类和植物蛋白类化合物及其衍生物对肉糜制品在贮藏期的TBARS值的变化均有不同程度影响,并在此基础上探讨肉糜制品精深加工的研究方向与应用前景,以期为肉制品加工贮藏提供理论参考。     

绿茶提取物添加及脂肪替代对低脂猪肉香肠品质及脂质氧化稳定性的影响

采用柯罗纳油或预乳化后的柯罗纳油取代50%的猪后背脂肪,并添加不同含量的绿茶提取物（100 mg/kg或1 000 mg/kg）制作低动物脂肪猪肉香肠。对蒸煮后不同处理香肠的感官特性及脂肪氧化稳定性进行分析。结果表明直接采用植物油部分替代动物脂肪并不影响产品颜色（亮度和红度）、硬度和变形性,显著改善了产品的脂肪氧化稳定性（P＜0.05）,但增加了蒸煮损失并显著降低了产品破断强度。对植物油预乳化处理在一定程度上降低了脂肪替代引起的产品质构恶化。添加绿茶提取物（100 mg/kg或1 000 mg/kg）几乎完全抑制了香肠在贮藏过程中的脂质氧化。但值得注意的是,尽管没有观察到统计学上的显著差异（P＞0.05）,添加高含量绿茶提取物（1 000 mg/kg）倾向于破坏产品质构。     

花椒提取物对调理猪肉饼冷藏期间品质的影响研究

探究不同添加量的花椒提取物对调理猪肉饼冷藏期间品质及氧化程度的影响。将0.01%、0.02%和0.03%的花椒提取物添加到调理猪肉饼中,研究其在1、4、7、10 d冷藏期间的pH、颜色、质构、硫代巴比妥酸值(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance,TBARS)和巯基值的变化,并与0.02%二丁基羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene,BHT)作比较。研究结果表明,添加花椒提取物对调理猪肉饼冷藏期间的pH、颜色无显著影响(p>0.05),在一定程度上降低了其硬度和咀嚼性。此外,添加花椒提取物可显著降低猪肉饼脂肪氧化和蛋白质氧化程度(p<0.05)。当添加量为0.01%和0.02%时,花椒提取物处理组抑制脂肪氧化的效果与0.02%的BHT效果相当,而当添加量增加至0.03%时,花椒提取物组抗脂肪氧化效果优于0.02%的BHT,且其蛋白氧化程度在整个冷藏期间均显著低于对照组(p<0.05),表明花椒提取物可有效抑制猪肉饼中脂肪和蛋白质氧化,其中0.03%花椒提取物组效果最好,甚至优于0.02%的BHT。     

Inhibition of Lipid Oxidation and Rancidity in Precooked Pork Patties by Radical‐Scavenging Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Extract

This study investigated the efficacy of licorice extract (LE) to curtail lipid oxidation and protect sensory attributes of ground pork during refrigerated and frozen storage. Pork patties (20% fat) were formulated with 0%, 0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.1% (meat basis) LE or rosemary extract (RE) as comparison or 0.01% (fat basis) BHA with 0 or 1.5% NaCl. Raw and precooked (75 °C) patties were packaged in polyvinylchloride overwrapped trays and stored at 2 °C up to 7 and 14 d, respectively, or at –20 °C up to 6 mo. Lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances [TBARS]) and sensory attributes of stored patty samples were evaluated, radical scavenging activity of the LE was measured, and the active phenolic compounds were identified. Cooking yield (<85%) was similar among antioxidant treatments, and lipid oxidation was minimal in refrigerated or frozen raw samples. However, TBARS values in refrigerated precooked control patties (0.22 mg/kg) rose to 9.3 to 9.4 mg/kg after 14 d, compared to 3.4 to 4.4 and 4.4 to 6.9 mg/kg in patties treated with 0.1% LE and RE, respectively. In frozen precooked samples, TBARS (0.22 mg/kg) increased to 1.3 mg/kg (P < 0.05) in control patties after 6 mo and had no significant change in patties treated with 0.1% LE or 0.01% butylated hydroxyanisol. Sensory panel evaluation confirmed strong inhibition of rancidity production by LE, corroborating its remarkable antiradical activity due to the presence of multiple phenolics. The results indicate that licorice has great potential as a natural antioxidative additive to extend the shelf‐life of precooked pork.     

鲤鱼肉蛋白水解物对生猪肉糜抗氧化作用的研究

将鲤鱼肉蛋白应用碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)水解4h,得到蛋白水解物,并将其应用到生肉糜中进行抗氧化研究.试验分为6组,包括对照组、2.0%的未水解鲤鱼肉蛋白组、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的水解物(4 h)对照组、0.02%的丁基羟基茴香醚(butylated hydroxyanisole,BHA)对照组.在冷藏过...     

产酸丙酸杆菌发酵甘油提取物对冷藏调理猪肉饼品质的影响

以未添加抗氧化剂的调理猪肉饼作为对照,研究不同添加量的产酸丙酸杆菌发酵提取物（fermented extract of Propionibacterium acidipropionici,FEPA）对4 ℃冷藏调理猪肉饼品质的影响。将0.2%（以猪瘦肉质量计,下同）、0.3%、0.4%和0.5%的FEPA分别添加到调理猪肉饼中,测定其在1、4、7、10 d冷藏期间的pH值、色泽（L*、a*、b*值）、质量损失率、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）值、菌落总数和质构变化。结果表明：添加FEPA可显著提高调理猪肉饼冷藏期间的a*值（P＜0.05）,有利于猪肉饼色泽的改善,并能显著降低猪肉饼的咀嚼性、质量损失率、菌落总数（P＜0.05）,显著抑制蛋白和脂肪氧化（P＜0.05）;其中添加0.5%的FEPA可显著降低猪肉饼的硬度（P＜0.05）,且其抑制蛋白、脂肪氧化和抗菌效果最佳,因此在所有处理组中,0.5%的FEPA对调理猪肉饼的品质有较优的改善作用。     

Antioxidant activity of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) extract and its inhibitory effect on lipid and protein oxidation of pork patties during chilled storage

This experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant efficacy of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) extract (BCE) in raw pork patties during chilled storage. The extracting conditions of frozen BCE including ethanol concentrations (0-100%) and extracting times (0.25-12h) were studied. BCE extracted with 40% ethanol for 2h had the highest anthocyanin content, the strongest radical scavenging activities as well as the second strongest reducing power. BCE was condensed and added to pork patties at 5, 10 or 20 g/kg. Compared with the control, BCE treatments significantly decreased the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance values and carbonyls formation and reduced the sulfhydryl loss of pork patties in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), which showed that the BCE significantly inhibited lipid and protein oxidation. The BCE-treated patties showed significantly higher redness (P<0.05) than the control. The findings demonstrated strong potential for BCE as a natural antioxidant in meat and meat products.     

迷迭香提取物对冷藏调理猪肉饼品质的影响

研究不同剂量迷迭香提取物对4 ℃冷藏调理猪肉饼抗脂肪氧化、抑菌能力及品质特性的影响。将0.03%、0.06%和0.09%的迷迭香提取物分别添加到调理猪肉饼中,测定其在10 d冷藏过程中硫代巴比妥酸值、菌落总数、pH值、颜色（L*、a*、b*值）、出品率和感官指标的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加迷迭香提取物的各处理组具有显著的抗脂肪氧化效果和更高的出品率（P＜0.05）,效果与添加0.02%二丁基羟基甲苯相当。迷迭香提取物添加量为0.06%和0.09%的处理组在冷藏7 d后表现出显著的抑菌能力（P＜0.05）,这两组的pH值在冷藏期间显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。迷迭香提取物添加量为0.06%的猪肉饼在冷藏4 d后红度值（a*）与对照组相比显著升高（P＜0.05）,迷迭香提取物添加量为0.09%的猪肉饼在10 d冷藏过程中亮度值（L*）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而这两组猪肉饼的黄度值（b*）在冷藏期间均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。此外,猪肉饼的香气、质地和总体可接受程度均没有随迷迭香提取物添加量的增加而发生显著变化（P＞0.05）。可见,迷迭香提取物在调理猪肉饼中具有较好的抗氧化和抑菌效果,并且在一定程度上能改善肉饼颜色,而对肉饼的感官品质不会造成不良影响。     

Functional properties of raw and cooked pork patties with added irradiated, freeze-dried green tea leaf extract powder during storage at 4 °C

Functional and sensory properties of raw and cooked pork patties with added irradiated freeze-dried green tea leaf extract powder were studied. Components of green tea were extracted by 70% ethanol, and the extract was irradiated to obtain a bright color. The irradiated green tea extract was freeze-dried and the powdered sample (0.1%) was added to the pork patties (Trt C). Pork patties without any ingredient (Trt A) and with nonirradiated, freeze-dried green tea extract powder (Trt B) were also prepared for comparison. Lipid oxidation, radical scavenging effect, color, and sensory properties of pork patties with treatments were analyzed at 5-day intervals for 15 days with storage at 4?°C. The lipid oxidation had a lower (P<0.05) and radical scavenging effect was greater (P<0.05) in the raw and cooked pork patties with added Trt B and Trt C, than those of Trt A (control). The pork patties with Trt B and Trt C had a higher Hunter color a*-value and less cooking loss than that of Trt A. Sensory panelists preferred the odor of the raw pork patties and color of the cooked pork patties of Trt C (P<0.05). Generally, no significant difference between Trt B and Trt C was found. Therefore, irradiated, freeze-dried green tea extract powder can be used for producing functionally-improved meat products.     

Sensory and chemical analysis of cooked porcine meat patties in relation to warmed-over flavour and pre-slaughter stress

Two independent sensory profiles were carried out to evaluate warmed-over flavour (WOF) development in cooked, chill-stored and reheated pork patties. The patties were derived from the Musculus semimembranosus of animals subjected to different pre-slaughter stress treatments. All patties were stored in oxygen permeable bags at 4°C for 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days to facilitate WOF development. In addition, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes, pH, water content, total lipids and the fatty acid compositions of phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and total lipids, were measured in the cooked meat patties. A data analytical strategy involving Analysis of Variance-Partial Least Squares Regression (ANOVA-PLSR), to determine relationships between the design variables (WOF and pre-slaughter stress) and the sensory-chemical data, and PLSR to elucidate predictive links between the sensory and chemical data was utilised. WOF was found to involve the development of lipid oxidation derived nuance off-flavour and odour notes, e.g. rancid-like flavour and linseed oil-like odour, in association with a concurrent decrease in cooked pork meat-like flavour. The reduction in "meatiness", over the initial days, 0-2 of WOF development was attributed to the degradation of both, unstable sulfur-containing amino acids in meat proteins and sulfur-containing "meaty" aroma compounds. Whereas, at the later days, 3-5 of WOF development the "meaty" loss was ascribed to perceptual masking by lipid oxidation products. TBARS and conjugated dienes were found to be significant (P<0.05) predictors of the sensory terms related to the lipid oxidation aspect of WOF. Whilst the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) contents of PE, PC and the total lipids were found to decrease with WOF development, reflecting their loss in lipid oxidation reactions. The sensory variation related to pre-slaughter stress appeared to be distinct from WOF variation and was described by a sour to sweet taste continuum. However, interactions were noted that indicated increasing pre-slaughter stress resulted in a decreased sensory perception of WOF. Moreover, pH and water content were found to significantly (P<0.05) predict the sensory effects resulting from pre-slaughter stress.     

丁香精油纳米胶囊对冷藏调理猪肉饼品质的影响

本实验采用离子凝胶法,以壳聚糖为壁材制备丁香精油纳米胶囊,主要研究了丁香精油纳米胶囊的物理特性及其对调理猪肉饼（4±1）℃冷藏期间菌落总数、脂肪氧化、色泽、pH值、高铁肌红蛋白质量分数以及感官品质的影响。结果表明：丁香精油纳米胶囊的平均粒径为254.7?nm,ζ-电势为35.4?mV,多分散指数为0.33;精油的释放曲线呈现初始的快速增加阶段,随后累积释放率缓慢增加,直到108?h才停止释放;丁香精油可以抑制猪肉饼脂质氧化和微生物腐败,但具有较强烈的精油味道且对猪肉饼护色效果不佳,随着冷藏时间的延长,其抗氧化和抗菌活性下降;添加丁香精油纳米胶囊显著抑制了猪肉饼脂质氧化和微生物生长,并使猪肉饼具有较高的红色稳定性,且对猪肉饼冷藏期间的感官指标没有不良影响。结论：丁香精油纳米胶囊可作为新型纳米保鲜剂延长猪肉饼冷藏期间的货架期。