树脂吸附对巴戟天多糖脱色脱蛋白的工艺研究

以脱色率、多糖保留率及脱蛋白率为指标,筛选合适的树脂对巴戟天多糖脱色脱蛋白,并进行静态及动态的工艺研究。确定最佳的工艺条件是:采用D941树脂,室温下(25℃),巴戟天多糖液pH值5.96(原液),以流速2 BV/h进行动态吸附。在此工艺条件下,脱色率为89.87%,多糖保留率81.08%,脱蛋白率50.75%,表明D941树脂具有良好的脱色效果和一定的脱蛋白能力。     

树脂法同时脱除虫草粗多糖中色素与蛋白质

引入综合吸附效应指数反映树脂的脱色、脱蛋白以及多糖保留能力,并以该效应指数评价了8种树脂对虫草粗多糖的脱色、脱蛋白效果。结果表明,D113树脂具有理想的脱色、脱蛋白效果。在优化的静态吸附工艺条件下,D113脱色率可达79.5%±1.7%,脱蛋白率达82.2%±1.7%,多糖保留率达75.0%±1.8%。对D113树脂的动态吸附性能研究表明,流速为1.5BV/h,树脂床径高比为1∶15,树脂处理量为8.4mg/mL时,D113脱色率为85.1%±1.9%,脱蛋白率为85.0%±2.0%,多糖保留率为80.2%±2.2%。50%乙醇盐酸溶液以12BV/h流速洗脱1h后,树脂再生性能良好。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化紫苏粕多糖水提液的研究

分别比较了DM301、DM130、NKA-9、NKA-Ⅱ、H103、ADS-17、D101、X-5 8种大孔吸附树脂对紫苏粕多糖提取液的脱蛋白和脱色效果的影响。在静态吸附试验的基础上,筛选较好的树脂进行动态吸附试验研究。结果显示,D101树脂对紫苏粕多糖提取液中的蛋白质和色素的吸附最多,表明其脱蛋白和脱色效果最好,且多糖的回收率最高,因此D101树脂最适于紫苏粕多糖的纯化。     

银杏果多糖树脂脱色工艺

通过研究6种大孔吸附树脂和2种离子交换树脂对银杏果多糖溶液色素脱除的影响,筛选出3种树脂:大孔阴离子交换树脂脱色1号、D900和非极性的大孔吸附树脂DA-201C。通过正交试验对脱色条件进行优化。在静态吸附试验研究的基础上,筛选出效果较好的树脂进行动态试验研究。结果表明:银杏果多糖中的色素可能以带负电荷的非极性小分子色素为主,在采用脱色1号树脂,pH值为4.5,温度为25℃,上柱速度为1.5mL/min,上样浓度为选择4 mg/mL,柱容量为2BV的条件下,多糖的脱色率为82.37%,多糖保留率为79.12%,蛋白去除率为88.39%。     

大孔树脂初步纯化菜籽多酚

8种大孔树脂对菜籽多酚的吸附与解吸实验表明，特1号树脂最适于该多酚的初步纯化，采用串柱法有利于树脂吸附能力的发挥。在特1号树脂柱上，蒸馏水能较好地洗脱掉菜籽多酚中的杂质；用74％(v／v)酸性乙醇(含5％(v／v)的0．1mol／LHCl)，以1BV／h的流速洗脱，最适合于工业生产中解吸菜籽多酚。     

熟地多糖树脂法脱色工艺的研究

比较不同类型的大孔树脂对熟地多糖提取液脱色效果的影响,并确立其脱色的最佳工艺参数。通过静态吸附,比较HP20、DM130、X-5、S-8、D-101、NKA-II 6种不同极性的大孔吸附树脂对多糖提取液脱色效果与含量影响,在相同实验条件下筛选出脱色效果最好的一种树脂并采用正交试验优化其脱色参数,以时间(A),温度(B),药料比(C),振荡时间(D)为考察因素,多糖脱色率(%)和多糖剩余率(%)为指标进行L9(43)正交试验。6种大孔吸附树脂中,DM130大孔吸附树脂对熟地多糖提取液脱色效果最好。通过正交试验发现DM130吸附多糖的最佳参数为:温度30℃,多糖液与树脂体积比4∶1,振荡3 min,反应5 h,脱色效果为74.68%,多糖损失率26.21%。采用DM130型大孔树脂对熟地多糖提取液进行脱色,具有最优的效果。     

树脂对向日葵盘果胶液脱色的研究

比较了6种树脂对向日葵盘果胶液的脱色效果.在静态吸附试验研究的基础上,筛选出效果较好的树脂进行动态试验研究.实验表明:D900型吸附树脂对向日葵盘果胶提取液具有较好的吸附脱色效果和较低的果胶损失率,该树脂对向日葵盘果胶脱色的适宜工艺参数为:室温 (约25℃),流速3.6BV/h,上柱液pH为4左右.此工艺对果胶提取液中色素的吸附率可达84.3%.树脂吸附后可用70%乙醇进行洗涤再生.     

AB-8大孔树脂对中华补血草根多酚的吸附洗脱特性

从S-8、NKA-9、AB-8、NKA和D4020大孔树脂中筛选出AB-8树脂,研究了AB-8树脂对中华补血草根多酚的吸附洗脱特性。结果表明:AB-8树脂对中华补血草根多酚的饱和吸附时间为5h,吸附等温线符合Lang-muir模型,饱和吸附量为55.30mg/g,提取液pH值对吸附过程影响不显著;以质量浓度1.99mg/mL的提取液上柱,流速为1mL/min时,吸附泄漏点为10BV(柱床体积,1BV=30mL),饱和点为32BV,因此,采用串柱法有利于AB-8树脂吸附能力的发挥;用体积分数70%乙醇作为洗脱剂,以流速1mL/min洗脱,获得的多酚纯度为58.29%。     

大孔吸附树脂脱除洋葱多糖色素技术研究

以黄皮洋葱为原料提取出洋葱粗多糖,采用大孔吸附树脂对多糖提取液中色素脱除技术进行研究。结果表明：优选出AB-8树脂、用量1g/20mL多糖提取液、pH5.0、温度40℃、质量浓度2792.5mg/L洋葱粗多糖液以3BV/h流速通过树脂柱,测得洋葱多糖液色素的脱除率86.71%,多糖保留率88.92%,表明AB-8树脂适合用于洋葱多糖提取液脱色。     

大孔吸附树脂对大枣多糖提取液的脱色条件研究

通过吸附-解吸试验,比较6种不同的大孔吸附树脂对大枣多糖提取液的脱色效果。在静态吸附试验研究的基础上,筛选出LSA-800B树脂进行动态试验研究。结果表明,该树脂吸附大枣多糖色素的最佳参数为:室温(约20℃),上样液pH值3～4,吸附流速2.0mL/min,在该条件下对大枣多糖提取液中色素的吸附率可达91.2%,用70%乙醇溶液作为解吸剂,20℃、解吸流速1.0mL/min时,多糖损失率为6.0%。使用LSA-800B大孔吸附树脂对大枣多糖脱色可以获得更高的脱色率以及更低的多糖损失率。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.