盐辅助分散液液微萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测啤酒中N-二甲基亚硝胺

目的建立盐辅助分散液液微萃取(salt assisted dispersi ble liquid-liquid microextraction, SADLLME)气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)检测啤酒中N-二甲基亚硝胺(N-dimethylnitrosamine, NDMA)的分析方法。方法取30 mL啤酒于50 mL的离心管中,加入浓度为1μg/mL的NDMA-d6甲醇溶液50μL,硫酸钠3 g,振荡溶解,快速打入二氯甲烷600μL,振荡1 min,离心,弃去上清液,取下层有机相,上机检测。结果方法在考察浓度为1～100μg/L的范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.998;添加回收率为97.7%～104.8%,相对标准偏差为4.07%～8.46%;检出限为0.03μg/L,定量限为0.10μg/L。实际样品检测显示,啤酒样品中均检出含有NDMA,但含量远低于国际限量5μg/L,处于较安全水平。结论该方法具有样品处理简便、快速、成本低廉,方法检出限极低,准确度高,可满足啤酒中NDMA检测的需要。     

一种液-液萃取测定葡萄酒中主要挥发性成分的快速定量分析方法

本文采用液液萃取方法,用3 mL葡萄酒样、7 mL水、4.5 g硫酸铵和60μL 0.02%(V/V)的内标(4-甲基-2-戊醇)溶液混合,再加入0.5 mL二氯甲烷作为萃取溶剂,涡旋10 min后离心10 min,取下层提取物进行气相色谱分析,以ZB-WAX毛细柱(30 m×0.25mm×0.25μm)为分析用色谱柱,柱温40℃保持5 min后以3℃/min升温至190℃,保持10 min;载气为高纯氮气,流速1.5 mL/min;进样量0.5μL;进样口200℃;不分流模式进样,以FID为检测器。该方法能良好分离出葡萄酒中63种化合物,其中用标准物质定性了30种香气成分,包括9种醇类,11种酯类,8种酸类,2种醛酮类。所定性香气成分定量结果重复性良好,有28种成分RSD%小于10%;采用内标法进行定量分析,定量准确性高,有28种成分回收率在85~120%之间。本方法操作简便,污染小,前处理时间短,且重复性良好,定量准确度高,符合进一步作葡萄酒指纹分析的技术要求。     

分散液液微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法快速测定葡萄酒中20种农药残留

目的 建立分散液液微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)测定葡萄酒中20种农药残留的分析方法。方法 样品经水稀释后, 采用60 μL氯仿和940 μL乙腈进行分散液液微萃取, 3000 r/min离心5 min, 浓缩后采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测。结果 在白葡萄酒与红葡萄酒中进行2.5、5.0、10.0 μg/L的添加回收实验, 本方法的平均回收率为66.7%~126.1%, 相对标准偏差为1.3%~27.2%, 方法的检出限为0.025~0.690 μg/L, 定量限为0.082~2.300 μg/L。结论 本方法前处理过程简单、快速、灵敏度极高、定量结果准确, 适用于葡萄酒中多种农药残留的检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测葡萄酒中罗丹明B

建立固相萃取富集净化,高效液相色谱紫外检测葡萄酒中禁用色素罗丹明B的方法。葡萄酒样品中的罗丹明B经C18固相萃取,40%乙醇溶液清洗净化,80%的甲醇溶液洗脱后,用高效液相色谱紫外检测器进行测定。结果表明：罗丹明B在1.0～10.0μg/mL范围呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数0.9924;在1.5～3.5μg/mL添加水平时,平均回收率为72.06%,相对标准偏差为2.87%(n=5);定量测出限为0.25μg/mL。表明该方法灵敏度高,重复性良好,操作简便快速,适用于葡萄酒中罗丹明B的检测。     

茶叶中蒽醌的内标-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立测定茶叶中蒽醌的快速气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)。茶叶样品加入蒽醌-D8同位素内标应用液后,经乙腈提取,使用QuEChERS方法净化,氮吹浓缩后,在选择多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)下扫描,以HP-5MS(30 m×250μm,0.25μm)色谱柱进行分离,内标法定量。蒽醌在10 ng/mL～200 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r=0.999 5)。该方法的检出限为3μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,加标回收率在87.1%～98.4%之间,加标回收试验相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.23%～4.12%之间。该方法适用于茶叶中蒽醌的定性定量检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定葡萄酒中7种有机磷农药

建立了快速同时测定葡萄酒中7种有机磷农药的气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS法)。葡萄酒样品经除气泡,正己烷提取,离心分层后进样分析。采用HP-5MS色谱柱(30m×250mm,0.25μm)程序升温分离,质谱检测,外标法定量。通过比较不同提取溶剂、不同提取溶剂用量条件下的回收率,优化了前处理方法。结果表明,在0.3-9.0μg/mL范围内,7种有机磷农药的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R~2≥0.994),方法检出限为0.02μg/mL,定量限为0.08μg/mL,加标平均回收率为89%以上,相对标准偏差均小于9.8%(n=6)。本方法准确可靠,灵敏度好,消耗有机溶剂少,实验耗时短、快速,适用于大批量快速检测,为研究葡萄酒中的有机磷农药残留提供了方法学基础。     

分散液液微萃取-液相色谱法测定白葡萄酒中拟除虫菊酯类农药

分散液液微萃取法处理样品,结合高效液相色谱测定白葡萄酒中拟除虫菊酯类(氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、联苯菊酯)农药残留.二氯甲烷作萃取剂,乙醇作分散剂.色谱条件:反相C18色谱柱,甲醇∶乙腈∶水(10∶75∶15,体积比)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,210nm紫外检测.在0.05μg/mL～50.00μg/mL范围内线性良好.相关系数均大子0.9993.平均回收率为83.20％～102.71％,相对标准偏差为1.47％～3.24％,检出限为1.00μg/L～2.00μ g/L.     

冷冻液液革取-高效液相色谱法測定可乐中的4-甲基咪唑

建立了一种冷冻液液萃取-高效液相色谱法测定可乐中4-甲基咪唑的方法。样品在碱性条件下,以乙腈作为萃取溶剂,经涡旋后,在-23℃下冷冻净化;取上清液氮气吹干,用蒸馏水定容,然后利用高效液相色谱仪在UV 210nm处检测。结果表明,该方法4-甲基咪唑的检出限和定量限分别为0.033μg/mL和0.100μg/mL;在浓度0.25μg/mL¹00μg/mL范围内,线性相关系数为0.9999;样品在1.5μg/mL、3.0μg/mL、6.0μg/mL 3个水平上,加标回收率平均值均大于85%,相对标准偏差均不超过5%(n=7),具有良好的准确度和重复性。与常规液液萃取相比,该前处理方法操作简单,有机试剂用量少,适合一次处理多个样品,具有一定的推广价值。     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定牛奶中7种有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂

目的 建立牛奶中7种有机磷酸酯类(OPEs)阻燃剂的超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析方法。方法 基于乙腈-冷冻诱导液液萃取技术提取、净化和富集样品,以甲醇-水作为流动相,梯度洗脱程序,HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,高分辨质谱靶向单一离子监测模式测定,内标法定量。结果 7种OPEs在0.2～20μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R²>0.99),方法检出限为0.01～0.21μg/L,定量限为0.04～1.72μg/L,3个不同加标水平的回收率为88.4%～118%,相对标准偏差为1.15%～7.15%。结论 该方法操作简便,重复性好,灵敏度高,可应用于牛奶中OPEs的痕量检测。     

分散液液微萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定市售凉茶中6种有机磷农药残留

目的建立分散液液微萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定凉茶中6种有机磷残留量的方法。方法样品经N-丙基乙二胺(N-Propylethylenediamine,PSA)固相萃取剂预净化后,以甲醇为分散剂,三氯甲烷为萃取剂进行提取。在优化后的仪器条件下,采用电喷雾离子化正离子模式电离,多反应监测模式进行测定。结果 6种有机磷的标准曲线在2.0～200μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r2均大于0.9990,在添加水平为0.25、0.50和2.5μg/kg的加标回收试验中,平均回收率范围为73.6%～99.5%,相对标准偏差为1.14%～8.01%,方法检出限和定量限为0.02～0.04μg/kg和0.06～0.10μg/kg。结论该方法操作简单便捷、富集倍数高、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于实际市售凉茶产品的质量监督。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.