Investigation of SSR characteristics of unified power flow controller

The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the most versatile flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controller which can be used to control active and reactive power flows in a transmission line in addition to the bus voltage. The active series compensation is provided by injecting series reactive voltage. The voltage at the two ports of UPFC are regulated by control of shunt current and series real voltage. It also has several operating control modes such as voltage and power regulation, line impedance compensation, etc. This paper presents the analysis and study of sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) characteristics of UPFC. The various combination of operating modes of shunt and series converters are considered for investigating their effect on SSR characteristics.The analysis of SSR with UPFC is carried out based on frequency domain method, eigenvalue analysis and transient simulation. The frequency domain method considers D-Q model of UPFC for the computation of damping torque for quick check in determining torsional mode stability. The study is performed on IEEE First Benchmark Model (FBM).     

基于节点电流注入法的UPFC潮流控制新方法研究

提出了一种基于节点电流注入法的改进的统一潮流控制器潮流控制的新方法:串联侧基于电流预测法实现对线路有功、无功功率的控制,并联侧用无功注入电流控制母线电压。利用电力系统综合程序(PSASP)的用户程序接口(UPI)功能,用C++语言编写了UPFC潮流控制模型的用户程序,与潮流程序交替求解,实现UPFC的控制功能。通过算例验证了该方法的正确性及有效性。所建模型无需改变UPFC两侧接入点的节点类型,控制灵活;基于节点电流注入法的思想对柔性交流输电系统控制器与其他商业软件的接口有借鉴意义。     

Real and reactive power coordination for a unified power flow controller

This paper proposes a new real and reactive power coordination controller for a unified power flow controller (UPFC). The basic control for the UPFC is such that the series converter of the UPFC controls the transmission line real/reactive power flow and the shunt converter of the UPFC controls the UPFC bus voltage/shunt reactive power and the DC link capacitor voltage. In steady state, the real power demand of the series converter is supplied by the shunt converter of the UPFC. To avoid instability/loss of DC link capacitor voltage during transient conditions, a new real power coordination controller has been designed. The need for reactive power coordination controller for UPFC arises from the fact that excessive bus voltage (the bus to which the shunt converter is connected) excursions occur during reactive power transfers. A new reactive power coordination controller has been designed to limit excessive voltage excursions during reactive power transfers. PSCAD-EMTDC simulation results have been presented to show the improvement in the performance of the UPFC control with the proposed real power and reactive power coordination controller.     

统一潮流控制器的分析与控制策略

文中分析了统一潮流控制器（UPFC）系统的电压、无功功率和有功功率的平衡,得到了与UPFC控制相关的2个重要结论。首先,分析表明在UPFC输入端电压保持不变的情况下,线路无功潮流的变化实际上是由并联变换器提供的;其次,UPFC端电压既可以从发送端控制也可以从接收端控制。基于以上分析,提出了一种新颖的UPFC控制策略。在该策略中并联变换器控制UPFC直流母线电压和输电线无功潮流,而串联变换器控制UPFC输入端母线电压幅值和输电线有功潮流。同时,在控制系统中加入有功／无功功率协调控制,可在潮流调节中获得良好的静态、动态性能。最后,通过实验验证了所提出的控制策略的有效性。     

基于PSASP用户自定义的UPFC潮流控制模型

为建立与电力系统分析综合程序（PSASP）相适应的统一潮流控制器（UPFC）潮流控制模型,提出一种解耦控制方法。串联侧分别采用串联注入电压的q轴和d轴分量控制线路传输的有功功率和无功功率,并联侧基于瞬时功率理论,采用并联侧电流的q轴分量控制UPFC并联接入点母线电压,通过改变UPFC与网络接口节点的注入电流实现UPFC的潮流控制目标。在国内某500kV电网上进行了潮流控制计算,计算结果表明,所建立的模型正确、可行,完全可用于含UPFC的实际电网的工程研究和分析。     

Analysis of subsynchronous resonance with generalized unified power flow controller

The Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (GUPFC) is one of the most versatile flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers which controls the active and reactive power flows in multiple transmission lines originating from a substation while controlling the sending end bus voltage. The sending end bus voltage is regulated by control of shunt reactive current while the active and reactive power flows in the transmission line are regulated by series injected voltages. This paper reports the analysis and study of Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) characteristics of hybrid compensated system with GUPFC. The various operating mode combinations of series and shunt converters are considered to investigate their effect on SSR characteristics. The methods of analysis of SSR with GUPFC is based on the evaluation of damping torque, eigenvalues of the system and transient simulation. The computation of damping torque considers D–Q model of GUPFC to determine the torsional mode stability. The study is performed on a system adapted from IEEE Second Benchmark Model (SBM). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of series real injected voltage in mitigating the SSR.     

特高压直流接入背景下的UPFC系统级控制策略

为缓解特高压直流馈入受端电网后造成的多个交流输电通道紧张的问题,提高换流站交流母线暂态电压支撑强度和稳态调压能力,首先基于电网络理论推导了统一潮流控制器(UPFC)对输电线路电流、交流母线电压的控制灵敏度,分析了利用UPFC系统级控制功能(线路有功/无功潮流控制以及并联换流器无功功率控制)实现输电线路过载控制和交流母线电压调节的可行性。在此基础上,提出了一套特高压直流接入背景下的UPFC系统级控制策略,以监控系统运行参数并自动生成满足系统安全稳定约束的UPFC系统级控制指令值。最后,以锦苏直流落点附近的苏南500 kV UPFC示范工程作为仿真算例,验证了所提出的控制灵敏度分析的有效性和UPFC系统级控制策略的可行性。     

Unified power flow controller based on two shunt converters and a series capacitor

In this paper a novel configuration of unified power flow controller (UPFC) which consists of two shunt converters and a series capacitor is proposed. In this configuration, a series capacitor is used between two shunt converters to inject desired series voltage. As a result, it is possible to control the active and reactive power flow as same as the conventional configuration of UPFC. The main advantage of the proposed UPFC in comparison with the conventional configuration is injection of a series voltage waveform with a very low total harmonic distortion (THD). Also, using two shunt converters instead of a series and a shunt converters, results in reduction of design efforts and simplification of control, measuring and protection strategies. An optimal control strategy based on the discrete model of converters is applied to shunt converters. The proposed UPFC is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB software and simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the novel configuration of UPFC. Also, the experimental results which are obtained from an experimental set-up are presented.     

Optimal power flow by BAT search algorithm for generation reallocation with unified power flow controller

Optimal power flow with generation reallocation is a suitable method for better utilization of the existing system. In recent years, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, have led to the development of controllers that provide controllability and flexibility for power transmission. Out of the FACTS devices unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a versatile device, capable of controlling the power system parameters like voltage magnitude, phase angle and line impedance individually or simultaneously. The main aim of this paper is to minimize real power losses in a power system using BAT search algorithm without and with the presence of UPFC. Minimization of real power losses is done by considering the power generated by generator buses, voltage magnitudes at generator buses and reactive power injection from reactive power compensators. The proposed BAT algorithm based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) has been tested on a 5 bus test system and modified IEEE 30 bus system without and with UPFC. The results of the system with and without UPFC are compared in terms of active power losses in the transmission line using BAT algorithm. The obtained results are also compared with Genetic algorithm (GA).     

一种新型的统一潮流控制器设计方法

在介绍统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的构成、电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术及带有UPFC单机无穷大系统的 数学模型之后,采用两种控制策略来设计UPFC。第一部分采用电流预测的d q轴解耦控制策略结合电压空 间矢量脉宽调制技术来调节线路有功功率及无功功率。第二部分采用多输入单输出的自组织模糊神经网络和d q轴解耦控制策略并结合电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术来维持节点电压及电容器端电压的稳定。Matlab仿真结果表明:基于以上两种控制策略的UPFC能有效调节线路的有功功率及无功功率,保证节点电压及电 容器端电压的稳定,证明该     

改善微网电能质量的有源电能质量调节器研究

提出在微网交流母线和低压配网公共连接点之间并入有源电能质量调节器,可改善微网电能质量,减小微网接入对低压配网电能质量的影响.提出了基于瞬时无功理论的同步锁相方法,准确分解出公共连接点电压基波正序分量,进而求得其相位.由补偿电流控制策略计算得到参考电流,控制有源电能质量调节器实时向微网补偿谐波电流和无功电流,即使在三相负载不平衡时,使公共连接点三相电流平衡且为正弦波,从而平衡公共耦合点的三相电压.Matlab/Simulink 仿真结果证明了所提同步锁相方法和补偿电流控制策略的有效性     

统一潮流控制器在风电机组并网运行中的应用

大规模风电并网改变了原来电网的潮流分布、线路传输功率以及电网故障时的暂态特性。将统一潮流控制器(UPFC)应用于异步风电机组并网的环形输电网络模型中,研究UPFC改善风电并网的性能。通过设计UPFC并联侧的双闭环反馈控制,设置风电输出线路三相短路故障来研究UPFC提高风电场低电压穿越能力。再建立UPFC串联侧有功与无功的独立控制系统,向输电线路输出补偿电压,研究其优化风电并网系统的潮流分布能力。在Matlab/Simulink软件中建立模型,仿真结果表明基于UPFC强大的无功补偿能力与潮流控制能力,UPFC能够显著提高风电并网的低电压穿越能力和优化潮流分布。     

UPFC运行点变化对电力系统稳定和控制性能的影响

统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的主要控制功能是潮流控制和电压控制,控制的水平由控制器的设定参考值决定。它们也是文中所指的UPFC的控制运行点,即UPFC安装线路上由UPFC调节达到的输送的有功和无功水平,以及安装母线上由UPFC控制达到的电压水平。文中讨论了UPFC控制运行点变化对电力系统稳定性的影响。同时还发现,控制运行点在较大程度上决定了控制器的控制性能和2个UPFC之间的交互影响。通过2个装有UPFC的电力系统的仿真结果证实了文中的讨论。     

UPFC装置参数设计研究

设计了一套统一潮流控制器装置,确定它的装置容量后,按其功率模型确定了串联侧注入输电线路的电压幅值、流过串联变换器的电流、并联侧变换器向系统注入的电流、串并联侧交换的有功功率、UPFC串联侧出口电压和并联侧接入母线电压的运行约束值。一套15kVA用于动模系统试验装置的仿真结果证明了在满足运行约束条件下,本文所设计的UPFC能快速有效改善系统的电压和潮流。     

UPFC的交叉耦合控制及潮流调控性能分析

本文研究了UPFC控制传输线路潮流能力，通过对系统功率平衡以及UPFC的潮流控制特性分析，在三维空间中绘出了UPFC各部分的功率运行曲面，为有效选取UPFC各部分的功率容量和判断潮流控制方案的可行性提供了一个直观的手段，说明了在UPFC中采用交叉耦合控制的可行性。利用串联变换器注入传输线路电压的d轴分量控制传输线路上的无功潮流，而用q轴分量来控制传输线路上的有功潮流。控制系统设计中利用频率特性法得到了功率环PI调节器的参数。最后实验结果表明采用文中所述的控制策略能够使得UPFC有良好的潮流调节性能。     

Control algorithms for control of real and reactive power flows and power oscillation damping using UPFC

This paper investigates the application of multivariable control technique to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) non-linear problem of a power transmission system with UPFC. The main objective is to achieve effective independent control of real and reactive power flows with zero dynamic interactions. Towards achieving the objective, feed-back linearization control (FBLC) scheme is implemented in the laboratory for the control of UPFC. A two-bus power system with UPFC has been built in laboratory and the control implementation has been carried out using DSP TMS320LF2407A. Both power flow control and power oscillation damping issues are addressed. The excellent correlation between simulation and experimental results using a laboratory test system establish the validity of the proposed scheme. Although the power stage of the developed laboratory system is a scaled down model and has limited ratings, the FBLC controller can be used equally effectively in a more realistic system set up by appropriate scaling factors for the fed-back signals of currents and voltages and for initiating the inverter voltages. The proposed controller enables UPFC to independently control the real and reactive power with absolute decoupling. Also it is found that the overall performance of the system with the proposed controller is far superior to that using conventional cascade PI control structure.     

一种新的UPFC潮流计算模型

以往的统一潮流控制器UPFC(Unified Powernow Controller)的潮流计算模型要用到牛顿一拉夫逊法进行迭代求解，需要重新编制与之相应的潮流计算程序，因此费时费力。现提出一种新的UPFC等值模型，该模型适合利用已有的商业软件计算潮流，无需因为UPFC加入系统而重新编制潮流程序，因而可以大大减少工作量。该模型的主要设计思想是将系统中的UPFC用注入功率和恒定电压等值表示，从而将UPFC从等值网络中移去。该模型分为两部分，第一部分适用于UPFC的控制方式1和方式2，第二部分适用于控制方式3和方式4。一个IEEE—9节点的算例验证了该模型的有效性。     

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的统一潮流控制器动态仿真模型

设计了组成统一潮流控制器(UPFC)的动态仿真模型的各个模块,包括正弦脉宽调制(SPWM)信号产生模块、电压源变换器(VSC)控制模块和UPFC控制器的比例积分(PI)控制电路.首先采用三相桥式全控电路组成VSC,VSC的开关器件采用绝缘栅双极性晶体管(IGBT),门极信号按SPWM的方式产生.然后通过分析线路传输功率方程设计了一个简单的PI控制器,并构成完整的UPFC仿真模型.还基于该动态模型对UPFC在功率调节、电压控制和抑制振荡等方面的功能进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明该UPFC仿真模型在线路功率发生较大变动时能使线路快速恢复;在系统发生三相短路时能有效减少系统的功率损失和减小母线电压的暂降幅度;在系统发生功率波动时还能大幅度减小振幅.     

统一潮流控制器的建模与控制研究综述

灵活交流输电系统（ＦＡＣＴＳ）技术是近几年来出现的一项新技术,统一潮流控制器（ＵＰＦＣ）是ＦＡＣＴＳ控制器中乞今最全面的控制器,可提供对传输线路参数（即电压、线路阻抗和相角）的全面动态控制,能够快速控制传输线路的有功和无功功率及母线电压。首先由考虑ＵＰＦＣ的电力系统潮流调节问题讨论了ＵＰＦＣ的建模,然后从控制角度综述了目前国内外研究ＵＰＦＣ的最新成果,概述了ＵＰＦＣ的各种控制策略,并分析了ＵＰＦＣ     

基于UPFC对微电网不平衡电压的治理

针对微电网公共连接点（PCC）三相电压不平衡的问题,本文提出一种在公共连接点接入统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller,UPFC),通过向输电线路中注入负序电压来治理微电网PCC三相不平衡电压的控制策略。首先,分析了UPFC的工作原理。其次,提出了功率解耦控制方法,建立了UPFC在正、负序同步旋转坐标系下的换流器控制模型,分别设计了串、并联侧换流器的控制策略,实现输电线路中有功功率和无功功率的独立控制,同时,在微电网三相不平衡情况下,获得输电线路中的负序电压并进行补偿。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了仿真模型,对提出的补偿控制策略进行了仿真分析。仿真结果证明：所提出的补偿控制能有效地治理输电线路的三相不平衡,实现微电网PCC的三相电压平衡。