热裂解气相色谱质谱法研究香兰素在加热不燃烧卷烟中的转移行为

为了研究香兰素在加热不燃烧卷烟中的转移行为,建立香兰素的气相色谱/质谱测定方法,并采用该方法定量测定裂解剩余产物中的香兰素含量,进而计算出香兰素的转移率。同时模拟在加热不燃烧条件下,对香兰素进行热裂解产物分析,进一步明确香兰素的热转化过程。结果表明:1)Py-GC/MS法适用于香兰素的定量研究;2)香兰素在加热不燃烧卷烟的转移率较高;3)裂解转移过程中,部分香兰素发生分解,产生小分子的酚、醛类物质,4)香兰素的裂解程度和温度呈正相关。     

芝麻油中含有内源性香兰素的佐证研究

研究芝麻中香兰素的含量水平以及香兰素在芝麻油加工过程的转移情况,以便为芝麻油中含有内源性香兰素提供佐证。使用高分辨质谱仪和液相色谱-串联质谱仪对芝麻中的香兰素进行定性和定量分析,对39种不同品种、来源的芝麻中的香兰素含量进行了测定、分析,并对芝麻油加工过程中香兰素的含量变化进行了研究。结果表明,不同地域的芝麻中香兰素的含量水平不同,且在加工过程中香兰素能够转移至芝麻油中,可能导致芝麻油中内源性的香兰素含量范围较大。因此,不能将芝麻油中检出香兰素作为“假香油”的判定标准,建议持续研究芝麻及芝麻油中内源性香兰素的含量水平并进行科学分析。     

奶粉中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的测定

建立了同时测定奶粉香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的超高效液相色谱法。样品用水溶解后使用Pro Elut PXA固相萃取柱进行样品前处理净化,C18柱分离,超高效液相色谱仪进行色谱分析。结果表明,香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素在0.5~20 mg/L范围内线性关系良好;方法的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.20,0.25,0.25 mg/L;样品的加标回收率为80.3%~102.7%,相对标准偏差为1.85%~4.11%。该方法结果准确可靠,可实现香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的快速同步分析。     

奶粉中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的测定

建立了同时测定奶粉香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的超高效液相色谱法。样品用水溶解后使用Pro Elut PXA固相萃取柱进行样品前处理净化,C18柱分离,超高效液相色谱仪进行色谱分析。结果表明,香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素在0.5 mg/L~20 mg/L范围内线性关系良好;方法的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.20、0.25、0.25 mg/L;添加水平在2.5 mg/L~10.0 mg/L时加标回收率为80.3%~102.7%,相对标准偏差为1.85%~4.11%(n=6)。该方法结果准确可靠,可实现奶粉中香兰素、甲基香兰素和乙基香兰素的快速同步分析。     

食用香料香兰素和乙基香兰素的合成新进展

介绍香兰素和乙基香兰素的合成方法,并综述了近十年来香兰素和乙基香兰素合成技术的新进展,同时对草酸电解法、对羟基苯甲醛法以及生物转化法等新技术作了若干展望。     

顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法测定奶茶中的香兰素和乙基香兰素

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC/MS),建立了测定奶茶中香兰素和乙基香兰素的分析方法。选取了75μm carboxen/聚二甲基硅氧烷(CAR/PDMS)萃取纤维,考察了萃取温度、萃取时间和盐浓度等因素对萃取效率的影响。采用3,4-亚甲二氧苯乙酮作为内标,对香兰素和乙基香兰素进行定量。结果表明,在检测范围0.5~25.0μg内,该方法对香兰素(R2=0.9974)和乙基香兰素(R2=0.9987)具有良好的线性关系,固体样品中香兰素和乙基香兰素的检出限分别为0.5 mg/kg和0.3 mg/kg,液体样品中检出限分别为0.05 mg/kg和0.03 mg/kg,香兰素的平均回收率为88.99%~105.15%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.40%~9.26%,乙基香兰素的平均回收率为91.57%~105.13%,相对标准偏差为2.35%~8.49%。该方法操作简便、准确可靠,适合于奶茶中香兰素和乙基香兰素的分析要求。     

香兰素的生物合成

香兰素是世界上产量最大的香料产品,但是主要以化学合成为主,而从香草兰等植物中提取的天然香兰素价格昂贵.本文综述了香兰素的生物合成技术,主要包括微生物发酵、植物细胞培养和特定酶的体外催化等,并比较了这三种生物合成方法的特点和应用前景.作为天然香兰素的替代品,生物合成香兰素由于其具有天然香兰素的特性将有可能占领化学合成香兰素的部分市场.     

重组菌转化香兰素生产香兰素酸的研究

为了验证重组菌E.coli DH5α/pZJF1 转化香兰素生产香兰素酸的能力,本实验采用HPLC 法对重组菌转化香兰素的能力和发酵条件的优化进行研究。结果表明：种子液种龄为8～10h,接种量为1%,发酵10h 后加入底物香兰素,其加入量为2.0mg/ml,总发酵时间为28h,香兰素酸的摩尔得率高达97.78%,说明重组菌转化香兰素为香兰素酸的能力强,效率高。     

婴幼儿配方粉中香兰素和乙基香兰素的检测方法比较

目的 建立婴幼儿配方粉中香兰素、乙基香兰素的液相色谱法和同位素稀释液相色谱质谱联用两种测定方法。方法 液相色谱法: 样品经乙酸锌沉淀蛋白、Oasis MAX SPE柱净化, HSS T3色谱柱分离后, 在279 nm波长处进行检测, 外标法定量。同位素稀释液质联用法: 样品采用乙腈沉淀蛋白稀释净化后, 采用Waters BEH C18柱分离, 在质谱检测器多反应监测(UPLC-MS/MS)模式下, 用同位素稀释液质联用法进行检测。结果 液相色谱法: 香兰素、乙基香兰素的定量下限(LOQ)均为0.1 mg/kg。香兰素的方法回收率为88%~90.8 %, 相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5.2 %; 乙基香兰素的方法回收率为84%~93.3 %, RSD小于6.2 %。同位素稀释液质联用法香兰素、乙基香兰素的LOQ分别为香兰素1、0.5 mg/kg。香兰素、乙基香兰素的方法回收率分别为82.1%~91.2 %、90.2%~97.6 %, RSD分别小于6.1 %、5.8 %。结论 本文建立的两种方法对同一样品的检测结果一致, 为婴幼儿配方粉中香兰素、乙基香兰素的定量检测提供了较为理想的方法。     

香兰素的生物合成

简介了香兰素的应用、生产现状。概述了近年来利用发酵工程、酶工程以及细胞工程等生物技术生产香兰素的方法。最后简单比较了各种方法生产香兰素的经济性、安全性 ,认为生物技术 ,特别是发酵工程将广泛用于香兰素的生产     

Effect of Tissue Disruption by Different Methods Followed by Incubation with Hydrolyzing Enzymes on the Production of Vanillin from Tongan Vanilla Beans

Vanilla is one of the most popular and valuable flavorings worldwide. Natural vanilla is extracted from the cured vanilla pods of Vanilla planifolia. The main aromatic compound in vanilla is vanillin, a phenolic aldehyde, which is produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of glucovanillin during the curing process. Although the amount of glucovanillin in the uncured green bean is present at the level of 10–15%, only an average of about 2% vanillin yield results from the traditional curing process. Therefore, the aim of the experiment was to increase the vanillin yield by obtaining the maximum conversion of glucovanillin. This was obtained by the addition of exogenous cellulase, pectinase, and beta glucosidase enzymes and cellular-damaging techniques on green Tongan vanilla beans to enhance the interaction between glucovanallin substrate and enzymes and successfully achieved vanillin production ranging from 4.25 to 7.00% on a dry weight basis. These techniques may be further refined and translated into industrial curing practices for improvement of natural vanillin yield from vanilla beans.     

香兰素在食品贮藏保鲜中的应用研究进展

随着人们对食品安全问题认识的提高,天然多功能食品添加剂正受到人们越来越多的关注。香兰素作为一种易提取的天然香味化合物,因其原料成本低、生产工艺成熟,被广泛应用于食品贮藏保鲜和加工尤其是乳制品的加工中。本文主要介绍香兰素的结构与性质,综述香兰素在食品贮藏保鲜中的应用,包括抑菌作用、抗氧化作用、稳定剂作用,并提出香兰素在应用上还值得研究的问题,展望其应用前景。     

Vanillin biotechnology: the perspectives and future

The biotechnological production of fragrances is a recent trend that has expanded rapidly in the last two decades. Vanillin is the second most popular flavoring agent after saffron and is extensively used in various applications, e.g., as a food additive in food and beverages and as a masking agent in various pharmaceutical formulations. It is also considered a valuable product for other applications, such as metal plating and the production of other flavoring agents, herbicides, ripening agents, antifoaming agents, and personal and home-use products (such as in deodorants, air fresheners, and floor-polishing agents). In general, three types of vanillin, namely natural, biotechnological, and chemical/synthetic, are available on the market. However, only natural and nature-identical (biotechnologically produced from ferulic acid only) vanillins are considered as food-grade additives by most food-safety control authorities worldwide. In the present review, we summarize recent trends in fermentation technology for vanillin production and discuss the importance of the choice of raw materials for the economically viable production of vanillin. We also describe the key enzymes used in the biotechnological production of vanillin as well as their underlying genes. Research to advance our understanding of the molecular regulation of different pathways involved in vanillin production from ferulic acid is still ongoing. The enhanced knowledge is expected to offer new opportunities for the application of metabolic engineering to optimize the production of nature-identical vanillin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Biovanillin from agro wastes as an alternative food flavour

This review provides an overview of biovanillin production from agro wastes as an alternative food flavour. Biovanillin is one of the widely used flavour compounds in the foods, beverages and pharmaceutical industries. An alternative production approach for biovanillin as a food flavour is hoped for due to the high and variable cost of natural vanillin as well as the limited availability of vanilla pods in the market. Natural vanillin refers to the main organic compound that is extracted from the vanilla bean, as compared to biovanillin, which is produced biologically by microorganisms from a natural precursor such as ferulic acid. Biovanillin is also reviewed as a potential bioflavour produced by microbial fermentation in an economically feasible way in the near future. In fact, we briefly discuss natural, synthetic and biovanillin and the types of agro wastes that are useful as sources for bioconversion of ferulic acid into biovanillin. The subsequent part of the review emphasizes the current application of vanillin as well as the utilization of biovanillin as an alternative food flavour. The final part summarizes biovanillin production from agro wastes that could be of benefit as a food flavour derived from potential natural precursors.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Improved rapid authentication of vanillin using δ13C and δ2H values

Vanilla still remains one of the most important and widely used flavours in the food industry and is also extensively employed by fragrance and pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. Natural vanilla flavour, extracted from the pods of the tropic orchid vanilla, is considerably more expensive than synthetic vanillin. The disparity of prices between natural vanillin and that derived from other sources has given rise to many cases of fraudulent adulteration, and for more than 30 years, strenuous efforts have been made to authenticate sources of vanillin. Stable isotope analysis is one of the most powerful analytical tools to distinguish between natural vanillin and that originating from other sources. Recently, a rapid and precise method for analysis of both δ¹³C and δ²H values of plant methoxyl groups has been published. Here, we report an application of the method for the control of authenticity of vanillin. Carbon and hydrogen stable isotope values of the vanillin molecule and vanillin methoxyl groups of vanillin samples of different origins including authentic and synthetic samples were measured. The results clearly show that use of this approach provides a rapid and reliable authenticity assessment of vanillin. The technique used for these studies is robust and rapid, involves minimum sample preparation and requires only a small amount of vanillin sample, usually 1 mg for stable carbon and 4 mg for stable hydrogen analysis.     

Vanillin as an Antimicrobial for Producing Shelf-stable Strawberry Puree

The utilization of vanillin was studied as a natural antimicrobial in a combined technology for producing a shelf-stable strawberry purée. Mild heat treatment (blanching) was combined with addition of 3,000 ppm vanillin and 500 ppm ascorbic acid and adjustment of water activity (a_w) to 0.95 and pH to 3.0. This prevented growth of both native and inoculated flora for ≥60 days storage at room temperature.     

SURVIVAL OF LISTERIA INNOCUA IN APPLE JUICE AS AFFECTED BY VANILLIN OR POTASSIUM SORBATE

Survival of stationary phase Listeria innocua ( as surrogate microorganism for L. monocytogenes) inoculated in apple juice (pH 3.3 or 3.8) supplemented with vanillin (1,500 ppm or 3,000 ppm) or potassium sorbate (500 ppm or 1,000 ppm) and stored at room temperature was studied. L. innocua survived in apple juice without the preservatives at pH 3.3 or 3.8, with minimal population reductions. In the juices with the incorporation of potassium sorbate or vanillin , L. innocua behavior depended on the pH value, the type of antimicrobial and its concentration. At pH 3.3, the presence of vanillin (3,000 ppm) or potassium sorbate (1,000 ppm or 500 ppm) decreased L. innocua counts, with population reductions ranging from 4 to 5 log cycles after a 4 h – 8 h exposure at 30C. However, at pH 3.8 , L. innocua showed sensitivity only to 3,000 ppm vanillin. Survival curves were successfully fitted using a Weibull type distribution of resistances.
The results suggest that the use of potassium sorbate or vanillin could prevent the survival of L. innocua in contaminated unpasteurized and pasteurized apple juice. Vanillin, a natural antimicrobial, would be particularly suitable as an antilisterial additive for less acidic apple juice.     

香兰素和维生素C对卤煮牛肉中杂环胺含量的影响

目的探索牛肉卤煮加工过程中添加香兰素和维生素C对杂环胺形成含量的影响。方法采用固相萃取前处理技术,结合不同处理情况下高效液相紫外和荧光检测法测定肉样中杂环胺的含量。结果香兰素和维生素C都能够减少卤煮牛肉中杂环胺的形成。当维生素C的添加浓度量达0.15%时,杂环胺总量减少90%以上。当维生素C浓度增大到0.5 mg/m L时,维生素C对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率高达90%;当维生素C添加浓度为0.4 mg/m L时,其对超氧阴离子的清除率高达84%左右。结论维生素C和香兰素均可减少卤煮牛肉中杂环胺的生成,维生素C对DPPH自由基清除率和超氧阴离子自由基清除率均比香兰素高,且对卤煮牛肉中杂环胺的抑制效果比香兰素好。     

Effect of pH on the inhibition of Listeria spp. by vanillin and vanillic acid

The antimicrobial effects of vanillin and vanillic acid were verified against several species and strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria grayi, and Listeria seeligeri in a laboratory medium adjusted to pH values ranging from 5.0 to 8.0. Medium pH had little influence on the MIC of vanillin as determined by a broth dilution assay, and growth of all test strains was inhibited by concentrations ranging from 23 to 33 mM. In contrast, none of the strains were inhibited by 100 mM vanillic acid at pH > 6.0, but complete inhibition was achieved at pH 5.0 with 10 mM. The effect of pH was further characterized by incubation of L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. grayi in media containing 30 mM vanillin or 60 mM vanillic acid at pH 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. Bactericidal effects increased with pH in media supplemented with vanillin. An inverse relationship was found for vanillic acid, and the lethality of the compound increased with declining pH. Mixtures of vanillin and vanillic acid exhibited additive inhibitory effects, particularly at lower pH. These natural antimicrobial compounds could prove useful either alone or in mixtures for the control of Listeria spp. in food products.